• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2007

Not many types of roughage cutters have been introduced in Korea so far. However, those machines could not satisfy farmers to cut rice straw or barley wrap-silage properly. Stiffness and firmness of roughage bale were two obstructing factors. In order to solve this problem, a tractor attached cut-feeding machinery for the round baled roughage was developed for dairy and beef cattle farm in Korea. A series of tests were performed and acquired data were analyzed by using the several imported roughage cutters, which have been already introduced in dairy farm in Korea. And, a prototype of forage cutter was selected, analyzed, designed and manufactured to develop a tractor attached roughage cut-feeder for round bale. Also, the prototype machine was tested, modified and improved through revising model. As a result, a tractor attached roughage cut-feeder for round bale was manufactured. In order to evaluate the performance of the model machinery. a series of test were performed by the prototype machinery both at the plant and field. The model machinery developed satisfied in both power requirement and cutting capacity. As a conclusion, one of the obstacles against feeding the round baled roughage in the korea cattle farm can be eliminated by developing the tractor attached round baled roughage cut-feeder.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2000

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, dry matter(DM) digestibility, DM intake, relative feed value(RFV) and hay grade of imported roughage which was collected by wholesale dealer at Chungnam province in 1999. Experimental roughages includes 8 kinds of imported hays(com stover bale, tall fescue straw, green cell, bermudagrass straw, reed camarygrass straw, alfalfa bale, sugarcane bale and oat hay) and mixture hay(contro1) which was harvested at Chungnam National University experimental field. Compared with mixture hay(contro1) except for alfalfa bale, crude protein of most imported roughage was low, but NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin compound were high. Futhermore, DM digestibility, DM intake, RFV and hay grade of imported roughage except for alfalfa bale was significantly lower than those of mixture hay(control)(P<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the economic value in the aspect of quality for the imported roughages. (Key words : Imported roughage, RFV, Hay grade, Nutritive value)

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

In order to cut the round bale easily, a roughage cut-feeder for the round bale was developed in this study. This study consists of two parts. One is development of a cutting mechanism and a performance test reported in the previous paper. This is the second part of the study. For the study, recent trend of traditional cutting system was analyzed. Also, cost of the prototype cut-feeder was analyzed and determine the break-even point of farm size was determined by comparing with traditional method using a traditional cutter. A prototype cut-feeder was investigated with the fact that working performance, fiber length and shape of roughage and feeding quality was good. Operating cost of the prototype cut-feeder decreased rapidly with an increase of farm size. Break-even point in terms of farm size was 36 heads for beef and 28 heads for dairy. Also, costs estimated were 118,000 won/head year and 148,000 won/head year, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

This study developed the cyclone conveying system using roughage cutter for the round bale reported in the previous papers. Performance tests were conducted whether it can easily separate dust from roughage such as rice straws and it can transport roughages from cutter to TMR mixer. In addition, the airflow patterns in the cyclone conveying system were investigated using CFD code (FLUENT 6.2) for various velocities of dust collection fan. The cyclone conveying system was designed based on dried rice straws with a diameter of 1,340 mm, a cylinder length of 1,220 mm, a cone length of 850 mm and the current velocity of the dust collection fan was 15~20 m/s. It was found that transporting of roughage from cutter to TMR mixer and the separation of dust were satisfactory, and the dust removal rate of rice straws was around 31.9%. CFD analysis showed that, at the blowing fan velocity of 11.6 m/s, the airflow velocity inside the dust collector increased as velocity of the dust collection fan increased, but the airflow patterns inside the dust collector were all much the same.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2005년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.80-88
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• 2005

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2005년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply, which resulted in excessive abuse of concentrate feed. In order to solve this problem, production of the wrap silage by the winter cereal forages raised in the fallow paddy field is strongly recommended in Korea. The main objective is to develop a tractor attached round bale wrapper which can process the silage by wrapping the round bales with thin plastic films. This is the first half of the study which is divided by two parts. In this first part, bale wrapping process was analyzed, and based on this results the followings were designed, developed and tested. 1. Bale wrapper which haying the maximum capacity of 1 ton bale with various functions such as loading, wrapping, discharging the round bales and supplying and cutting wrap films was designed. 2. An actuator and its hydraulic circuit of each process were developed and tested. 3. Also, the variations of hydraulic pressure and engine speed were investigated by operating bale wrapper developed. In this test, maximum pressure of the hydraulic circuit for the bale wrapping was 130 kg/㎠ when it raised the bale, which was quite below the relief pressure of 170 kg/㎠ of hydraulic circuit. In the engine speed test, speed drop was 20∼67 rpm, which meant that there was no over-load operation. Therefore, the experiment proved that developed hydraulic circuit and mechanism is stable in bale wrapping operation

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2005년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-79
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• 2005

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2009

Currently TMR feed produced in commercial plant is one of the major source to feed cattle for both beef and dairy farm. However, because of lack of cutting and mixing system for utilizing domestic produced firmly baled round roughage in commercial TMR plant, these commercial TMR feed can not satisfy to farmers both in quality and price points of view. In order to solve these problems, a farm group size TMR plant model was developed in this study. The model plant was consist of round bale receiving and cutting system, pneumatic conveying system for transfer the roughage which was cut at the cutter to TMR mixer through pneumatic conveyor, TMR mixer enable to soften the stiff rice strew and to mix with other ingredients, finished feed bin which can be transfer to either packing system or individual farm, packing system by tycon bag which contains 400 kg unit and bulk unloading system to individual farmer. Also, a simulation model ARENA was applied to the model system in order to evaluate and check the production rate in each unit process and operation rate of total system and to find out if there are any clogged unit system obstructing the smooth flow of the total process flow. Processing cycle for produce one batch of the model plant was less than 30 minutes. Thus, it will take less than four hours for producing 16 tons per day equivalent to 1,000 beef cattle's daily feed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 생산 볏짚의 곰팡이독소 오염 실태를 파악하기 위하여 벼의 생육 단계별, 볏짚의 보관 형태별 및 곤포사일리지의 지역별 오염을 조사하였다. 수확하기 전 논에서 생장 중인 비에서 곰팡이독소 및 곰팡이 오염이 확인되었다. 벼의 생장 초기에는 deoxynivalenol($297{\mu}g/kg$) 이 발견되었고, 중기에는 ochratoxin A($1.8{\mu}g/kg$) 및 deoxynivalenol($264{\mu}g/kg$) 이 오염되어 있었다. 그리고 수확시기에는 deoxynivalenol($190{\mu}g/kg$) 및 zearalenone ($168{\mu}g/kg$) 이 오염되어 있었다. 그리고 곰팡이 오염은 생장 초기에는 $10^{3-4}$ cfu/g 그리고 생장 중기와 수확시기에는 $10^{4-5}$ cfu/g 이었다. 오염된 곰팡이로는 Fusarium sp., Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium sp., Gibberella sp., Gibberella zeae, Mucor circinelloides, Aspergillus oryzae 등 다양한 종류가 발견되었다. 사료용 볏짚의 통 볏짚단, 사각 볏짚단 및 곤포사일지 등 저장 방법에 따른 오염원 mycotoxin을 조사하였을 때 zearalenone, deoxynivalenol 및 ochratoxins A가 검출되었다. 통 볏짚단의 곰팡이독소 오염도는 23% 이었고, 사각 볏짚단과 곤포사일지지는 각각 38%가 오염되어 있었다. 그리고 105점의 볏짚 곤포사일리지에서 곰팡이독소를 분석하였을 때 46%의 샘플에서 곰팡이독소가 발견되었고, 지역적으로는 경기, 강원, 충청, 영남 및 호남지역에서 각각 48, 33, 40, 50 및 57%의 샘플이 오염되어 있었다. 2가지의 곰팡이독소(zearalenone, deoxynivalenol)가 발견된 충청지역을 제외한 모든 지역의 볏짚 곤포사일리지에서 3가지의 곰팡이독소(zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxins A)가 발견되었다. Ochratoxins A의 오염 수준은 전체적으로 $2.6{\mu}g/kg$으로 충청지역에서는 발견되지 않았지만 호남지역은 $3.0{\mu}g/kg$으로 다른 지역보다 높았다. Deoxynivalenol의 오염 수준은 전체적으로 $413{\mu}g/kg$으로 충청지역이 $800{\mu}g/kg$로 가장 높았고, 다른 지역은 $246{\mu}g/kg$에서 $433{\mu}g/kg$의 수준으로 발견되었다. 그리고 zearalenone은 전체적으로 $338{\mu}g/kg$으로 경기지역이 $168{\mu}g/kg$로 다른 지역보다 낮았고, 강원과 호남지역이 각각 $467{\mu}g/kg$과 $442{\mu}g/kg$으로 높았다. 이상의 연구 결과는 볏짚은 수확하기 전 벼의 생장 기간에도 곰팡이독소 및 곰팡이 오염에 노출되어 있으며, 볏짚의 보관 형태 및 지역에 상관없이 곰팡이독소의 오염이 발생할 수 있음을 명확히 시사한다. 따라서 안전하고 질 좋은 조사료를 확보하기 위해서는 이들 곰팡이독소 관련 더 구체적 연구와 대책관련 탐구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.