• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

This study was investigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Scutellaria baicalensis George about growth characters, yield components and yield at 3 planting densities by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem length was long in dense planting of 20$\times$l0cm and short in spacious planting of 30$\times$l0cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem diameter was thick in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm and was thin in dense planting of 20$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Length and dry weight of root per plant were decreased in dense planting of 20$\times$ 10cm and were increased in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Yield of dry root was highest in optimum planting density(30$\times$10cm：33 plants/㎡) by direct sowing cultivated after barley. The correlation coefficient between number of planting plant and stem length showed highly positive correlation. These characters of stem diameter, number of branches, main root length and yield of dry root mentioned above showed negative correlations with planting plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2006

Planting of peony, a perennial herb is usually planted in fall but the planting time can be postponed to next spring for other benefit such as land use, labour diversification and etc. This study was carried out to know the effect of planting time in spring on growth and yield of peony. Sprouting date in first year growth was earlier as planting time was later. Planting on March 10 showed best both top part and root growth and planting after that time resulted in worse growth. In planting on April 10, missing plant rate was 24% and accordingly root yield decreased to 43% comparing with that of March 10. Planting on March 10 resulted in thick and large number of root and so yield per l0a was 635 kg, the highest value among the other planting time in spring. The paeoniflorin content was not different significantly by planting time. These results suggested that March 10 was most appropriate for planting time in spring.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to study the biological yields(BY) of varieties by the developmental growth stages and shoot weight(SHW), leaf area(LA), root dry weight(RW), number of tillers(NT), shoot and root ratio(S/R), weight of a tiller(WT) as factors of yield components with 5 varieties of perennial ryegrass. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The biological yields in summer were about 115 of spring yield. 2. The biological yields of Manhattan were the highest until1 third developmental growth stage among perennial ryegrasses, and those for Maprima and P-2 varieties were the highest in the following stages. In terms of shoot dry weight, the similarly tendency appeared in the fifth developmental growth stage. 3. The shoot dry weight increased highly with the root dry weight. 4. The Tempo variety of biological yield was generally low but the weight of a tiller was the highest. 5. The highest increasing stage of biological yields was between fifth and sixth developmental growth stage, but the lowest increasing stage of biological yields was between first and second developmental growth stage, respectively. The dominant factors of biological yields were influenced to shoot and root dry weight.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 1974

Effects on yields, yield components and nutrient content of potassium depression for two or three weeks at various growth stages were investigated in rice (var. Jinheung) under sand culture system.(K 40 ppm 1973) 1. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among treatments of both two-week (at p=0.01) and three-week depression (at p=0.05) in yield. 2. Most sensitive stage to potassium depression on yield appeared two weeks until heading (42% yield decrease) and sensitivity decreased the growth stage is apart from heading either before or after. During 30 days after transplanting two-week potassium depression increased yield, but three-week depression decreased yield. Until about 30 days after heading depression caused poor yield. 3. Root potassium involves in harvest index, filled grain ratio and grain weight with significant correlation and considerably in spikelet per panicle while potassium in leaf sheath+culm involves considerably in spikelet per panicle and panicle per hill. Relative total dry matter weight was significantly correlated with panicle per hill, spikelet per panicle and K or K/Ca+Mg only in leaf sheath+culm. The indications are that root potassium contributes for building sink and efficiency of structure while potassium in leaf sheat+culm primarily for building source, productive structure. 4. Relative yield was significantly correlated with potassium content in root and leaf sheath+culm and with K/Ca+Mg and its ratio before and after depression in root indicating that potassium depression occurs greatly in root and that K/Ca+Mg might have more important role than K content alone under depression. 5. Optimum level of $K_2O$ appears around 3% in leaf blade. 4% in leaf sheath+culm and 1% in root under the assumption that below these level the same content has the same role in relation to yield during growth. The K/Ca+Mg appeares to be 2.5 in root and should not decrease throughout the growth stages. 6. The increase of sodium content in plant by K depression was highest, especially in leaf sheath during the most insensitive period to K depression suggesting that insensitivity may be attributed to partial replacement of Na for K. Partial replacement seems very little in sensitive stage (later stage) and sensitive organ (root).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-340
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• 2008

Seedlings of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown to full canopy establishment and then leaflet or leaf removal at different times applied to determine the effects on plant growth and performance. Leaf removal at 47, 57, 69 and 78 days after seeding resulted in 82.1, 59.8, 41.3 and 29.8% reduction, respectively, in root dry matter (economic yield) ; this indicates that leaf removal during the early root growth period causes greatest reduction in root yield. Removal of 1, 2, and 3 leaflets at 42, 52, 62 and 70 days from seeding reduced root weight at harvest (80 days from seeding) linearly, particularly at earlier removal dates. The perennating bud formed on all roots and was not influenced by treatment. This would suggest that if leaf loss occurs after canopy establishment the plant will re-grow the next year after the obligatory dormancy period.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

A lot of individual ginseng plants were selected in the farmer's fields to develop new ginseng varieties with desirable traits. Among them, a promising line has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation of local raced. It was then designated as "KC (denotes Korean Ginseng)" and tested in the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years. KG lines grew vigorously after 4 years of age. Especially, KG 102 line arson운 them showed traits of multiple and short stems. As for the root characters, the length of taproot of KG 101 line was longer than that of local race, Jakyung-jong, or other lines ailed the root weight of KG 102 line waIn 15 % higher than that of local race. In general, KG 101, KG 103, KG 104, and Hwangsauk-jong had good root shape. Total amount of ginsenosides of ginseng taproot was the highest in KG 103 line than in local race and other lines. In these studies, we, elected three superior lines, KG 101, KG 102, and KG 103, having characteristic of good root shape, high yield, and large amount of ginsenoside, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.525-529
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• 2013

As most of citrus, shiranuhi mandarin ((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata) mainly use the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) as its rootstock which has dwarf and cold hardness in Korea. However, recently, scion root was observed in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin tree grafted onto the trifoliate orange. This study was carried out to find out effects of scion root occurrence on the fruit quality, flowering and yield of shiranuhi mandarin. For the experiment, we selected six farmers who have outbreak of scion root in their Shiranuhi mandarin orchards and surveyed the difference of fruit quality of shiranuhi mandarin hybrid between scion root and control (trifoliate orange root). In the results, flowering was severely decreased in scion root trees compared to control. As a result of survey of 174 Shiranuhi mandarins, 160 trees were proved to be scion root, and had less flowering. Fruiting of scion root also severely dropped compared to control and thus, yields of scion root (6.4 kg) reduced by 24% compared to control (26.7 kg). The fruit size, weight and soluble solid contents of scion root were significantly reduced, but there were no differences in acid contents and coloring of fruit. From the results, we concluded that scion root had negative influence on flowering, fruit size and the yields of Shrinanuhi mandarin hybrid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to study the factors related with yield components in 5 varieties of perennial ryegrass and was surveyed for the biological yields(BY). shoot weight(SHW). root weight (RW), leaf weight(LW), stem weight(SW), plant length(PL), leaf area(LA), number of tillcr per plant (NT), root lcngth(RL), shoot and root ratio(S/R), ratio of root length and weight(RL/RW) and weight of a tiller(WT) in autumn growth stage. These results are summarized as follows;1. The yield components were varied during the stage of growth and in relation to the varieties in autumn. 2. The yield is consisted of 73 % by shoot and 27% by root in autumn.3. The varieties of the highest biological yields were Tempo, Maprima and the lowest biological yields were P-2, Caliente in autumn. 4. The variety of Tempo was largely affected by the factors of shoot weight, root weight, ratio of root length and weight, and weight of a tiller. but the variety of Caliente was influenced by the factors of leaf weight. stem weight, leaf area, SIR ratio and weight of a tiller on the yield. 5. The highest biological yields was obtained at the time of 4~5th(10/4~1018) and the lowest yield was showed at the time of 3~4th(9/30~1014) in autumn. 6. The time of the highest biological yields were resulted that the variety of Tempo was obtained between the time of 5~6th. Maprima was obtained between the time of 1~2nd and the varieties of Manhattan, P-2, Caliente were obtained between the time of 4~5th on the stages of growth in autumn.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of Scutellaria baicalensis G. with organic cultivation from 2008 to 2009. Four organic compost were used ; Rice bran compost (RC : 1.1-3.6-1.4), Wheat bran compost (WC: 1.1-3.4-1.4), Hangawi compost (HC : 3.7-4.0-1.0), Cheonnyeonjigi compost (CC : 12.4-3.4-5.4) and Fermented chicken droppings compost (FC : 2.9-6.1-3.2). Organic matter, available phosphate and $K_2O$ of soil increased in all plots with the addition of organic compost, specifically in HC, CC and FC application. Treatment of HC, CC and FC application increased emergence rate and improved the growth characters of shoot, root parts of plants compared to those of RC application. Subterranean part yields by different organic compost was high 149~156 kg per 10a as by growth increment of dried root yield. length of main root and diameter of main root. respectively, 17.4~18.4 cm, 12.65~12.94 mm from HC, CC and FC application. There were significantly positive correlation between the growth characters of shoot, root parts of plants, dry root yield in Scutellaria baicalensis G. grown under organic compost application.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 1987

Relationships among root yield, planting density (PD), missing plant rate (MR), leaf area index (LAI) , leaf area per plant(LAP), root weight(RW), number of harvested root(RN) and leaf fall plant rate (LFP) were investigated by survey of white ginseng plantations in Pungi and Geumsan area. In Geumsan PD was about twice than in Pungi but yield was low with high rates of MR and LFP. Yield depended on RN in high PD cultivation while on RW in low PD. The effect of MR on yield was prominent in high PD cultivation. PD showed insignificant negative correlation with yield and no clear relation with MR. RN depended on PD and was especially limited by MR, Yield depended on LAI at harvest time and especially at maximum growth time. LAI was not different between high and low PD area but depended only on RN in high PD and only on LAP in low PD area, and limited by MR in both PD. LAP depended highly on RW and this fact seems to be the very reason that LAI could not increase with the increase of PD. All fields showed the suboptimum LAI.