• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 2010

Rhizobacteria are a diverse group of free-living soil bacteria that live in plant rhizosphere and colonized the root system. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) possessing ACC deaminase (ACCD) can reduce ACC and ethylene in plant tissue and mediated the growth of plants under various stresses including salt stress. ACCD decrease ethylene levels in plant tissue that produce high levels of ethylene in tissue via elevated levels of ACC under salt stress. We selected strains of Pseudomonas sp. possessing ACCD activity for their ability to promote plant growth under salt stress from soil sample collected at Byeonsan, Jeonbuk, South Korea. The Pseudomonas strains possessing ACCD increased the rate of the seedling and growth of chinese cabbage seeds under salt stress. We cloned ACCD gene from P.fluorescens and expressed recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The active form of recombinant ACCD converted ACC to a-ketobutyrate. The in vivo treatment of recombinant ACCD itself increase the rate of the seedling and growth of Chinese cabbage seeds under salt stress. The polyclonal P.fluorescens anti-ACCD antibody specifically reacted with ACCD originated from Pseudomonas. This indicates that the antibody might act as an important indicator for ACCD driven from Pseudomonas exhibiting plant growth-promoting activity. This study will be useful for identification of newly isolated PGPR containing ACCD and exploioting the ACCD activity from PGPR against various biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.859-862
• /
• 2004

An isolate of Pseudomonas putida has been found to aggressively colonize root tips and induce plant resistance to Fusarium wilt. However, P. putida mutants lacking Fe-superoxide dismutase (SOD) or both FeSOD and MnSOD activities are less competitive in root tip colonization. In the current study, the growth of an FeSOD mutant was found to be more sensitive than that of the wild-type or a MnSOD mutant to oxidative stress imposed by paraquat treatment and culturing with the soil fungus Talaromyces flavus, which generates reactive oxygen species. Also, the loss of culturability with an aging stationary-phase culture was greater for a double SOD mutant than an FeSOD mutant, while no reduction in culturability was observed with the wild-type and a MnSOD mutant under the same protracted stationary-phase conditions. Accordingly, it was concluded that FeSOD activity is the major form of SOD in P. putida and plays an essential role in survival under stress conditions when increased oxidative stress is encountered.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.38
• /
• pp.29-51
• /
• 2015

With the progress in high speed internet networks, mobile devices and social networking, the eco-system of the media has shifted from that where the flow of content was one-way from the producer to the consumer. A so-called 'prosumer' culture has taken root where the consumer himself produces media content. Along with these trends, various video-sharing platforms such as youtube has a method of allocating advertisement profit to the content producer, offering a win-win platform for content pro-sumers. This allows the channels to attract several tens of millions of subscribers and raise an annual income of over 10 billion Won, marking a revolutionary change in the content industry. This paper seeks to analyze video distribution channels and short-form media content that are showing continuous growth to identify new markets where animated content can make progress in an era of online video media platforms, as well as provide a future direction for small teams of creators of animated films to survive and thrive in this environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer forms, fertilizer and herbicide application rates on growth of radish. The nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity of radish were analyzed along with the growing stage. Nitrate nitrogen was more efficient than ammonium nitrogen for radish. With increasing the fertilizer application rate, accumulated of nitrate content was increased. The amount of nitrate nitrogen was highest at 25days after seeding in petioles, and $32{\sim}39days$ after seeding in root. Nitrate content was decreased as sampling date was delayed, whereas the content increased in the root at early growing stage and then decreased. The nitrate cotent increased in the order of petioles, roots, and leaf blades and nitrate reductase activity increased petioles, leaf blades, and roots. The higher nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide application increased nitrate nitrogen accumulation in radish as compaired with control treatment and nitrate reductase activity showed similar trend.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.647-668
• /
• 1997

6 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study, Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars bilaterally, PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF and PDGF-BB only were applied in the right and left premolars respectively. 2 animals were sacrificed at 4weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, after regenerative surgery respectively. Semi-thin sections using glass-knife were stained with toluidine blue for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was thriving, but bone formation in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site was depressed. 2. Bony ankylosis was surely shown along the whole exposed root surface applied with PDGF-BB, but it was shown at the root surface near the base of the bone defect where was applied with PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF. 3. Active bone formation was made from 8 weeks after regenerative surgery in the PDGF-BB- and-EGF-applied site. 4. Bone maturity as well as speed of bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was superior to those in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site throughout the whole experimental period. Within the above results, PDGF-BB had the strong capability to form the new bone and EGF was not able to prevent the bony ankylosis thoroughly. However, EGF may have the possibility to prevent the bony ankylosis through the suppression of bone formation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.22 no.1_2
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 1979

In several leguminous plants such as acasia, arrowroot and bushclover, growth rate and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tissues and the variation in the culture media were determined. In water cultrue which was free of added nutrients, nitrogen was found to be largely in the form of nitrate(NO3-N). This NO3-N is believed to be the result of nitrification from NH4-N which was apparently released form the plants. From the studies of organ culture with root segments, the amount of nitrogen released and absorbed was found to be proportional to the amount added to the mediuim. Especially, in the N-plot, the amount of nitrogen absorbed by the tissue reached more than 90% of the amount supplied to the medium already in early stage. On the contrary, in the amount free plot, the amount of nitrogen released from the tissue was lower than the minimum level in the N-plot. The amount of total N and P in the cultured tissue was found to be influenced by the amount of nitrogen addedin the medium. However, the amount of K in the tissue was not related to the nitrogen level in the medium, but rather it was influenced by the amount of added potassium. These findings present little difference in the metabolic pattern among the three species plants studied, and suggest that the woody leguminous plants have some common features in tehir metabolic pattern.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2009

For the proper tree management of Taxus cuspidata, distributed in the High 1 Ski Slope construction area in Baekwoonsan, Jeungsun-gun, Kangwon-do, the growing states of 323 trees(including transplanted 57trees) are investigated. Tree height, rootcollar diameter, D.B.H., stem condition, apical shoot, dead branch, needle growth condition, 2-year-old needle loss, root condition, tree form are investigated. Taxus cuspidata are mainly growing at the sites, high elevated mountain ridge or slopes facing north. Growing states of Taxus cuspidata, distributed in Baekwoonsan are relatively better than those of Taxus cuspidata and Abies koreana at other subalpine zone in Korea. Damaged trees are mainly due to root-removal through transplanting, root-damages by raising the ground level and digging. Several methods of Taxus cuspidata conservation were suggested.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2006

Seasonal biomass and carbon, nitrogen contents change of marsh club-rush (Schoenoplectus trigueter) was investigated in Nakdong river estuary, located near Busan, Korea. New shoot of S. trigueter sprouted from tuber in April and fast growth season was followed until mature in August. Mature lengths of shoot and root were 60 and 9.4 cm, respectively. The increase of biomass showed similar seasonal trends with length. Mature biomass were $3.5gind^{-1}$ in wet weight and $0.6gind^{-1}$ in dry weight. The biomass of S. trigueter in areal basis was also highest during July and August ($186gDWm^{-2}$). The shoot of S. trigueter was disappeared in October from the ground but the biomass of shoot was maintained as a form of detritus in sediment. The amount of S. trigueter detritus was about 30~50% of the biomass in August. During winter, the amount of detritus decreased with time but the biomass of root+tuber remained same, implying the root+tuber part is alive. The net productivity of S. trigueter estimated from biomass change were $538gDWm^{-2}yr^{-1}$, $240g-Cm^{-2}yr^{-1}$, $8.2g-Nm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in dry weight, carbon and nitrogen equivalent respectively. During winter, carbon to nitrogen ratio in detritus increased implying the preferred remineralization of nitrogen during microbial degradation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.921-927
• /
• 2003

Arterial switch operation (ASO) has been the most effective surgical option for transposition of the great arteries. But, the inappropriate dilation of the neoaortic root has been reported and its effect on neoaortic valve function and growth of aorta has not been well documented. Material and Method: Forty-eight patients who underwent cardiac catheterization during follow up after arterial switch operation were included in this study. Arterial switch operation was performed at a median age of 18 days (range 1∼211 days). Preoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 26 patients and postoperative catheterization was performed in all patients at 15.8$\pm$9.6 months after ASO. Postoperative ratios of the diameters of neoaortic annulus, root and aortic anastomosis against the descending aorta were compared to the size of preoperative pulmonary annular, root and sinotubular junction. Preoperative and operative parameters were analyzed for the risk factors of neoaortic insufficiency. Result: There were two clinically significant neoaortic insufficiencies (grade$\geq$II/IV) during follow up, one of which required aortic valve replacement. Another patient required reoperation due to aortic stenosis on the anastomosis site. Post-operatively, neoaortic annulus/DA ratio increased from 1.33$\pm$0.28 to 1.52$\pm$.033 (p=0.01) and neoaortic root/DA ratio increased form 2.02$\pm$0.40 to 2.56$\pm$0.38 (p<0.0001). However, the aortic anastomosis/DA ratio showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.06). There was no statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of neoaortic insufficiency and neoaortic annulus/DA ratio and neoaortic root/DA ratio. Non-neonatal repair (age>30days) (p=0.02), preopeative native pulmonaic valve stenosis (p=0.01), and bisuspid pulmonic valve (p=0.03) were the risk factors for neoaortic insufficiency in univariate risk factor analysis. Conclusion: After ASO, aortic anastomosis site showed normal growth pattern proportional to the descending aorta, but neoaortic valve annulus and root were disproportionally dilated. Significant neoaortic valve insufficiency rarely developed after ASO and neoaortic annulus and root size do not correlate with the presence of postoperative neoarotic insufficiency. ASO after neonatal period, preoperative native pulmonary valve stenosis, and bicuspid native pulmonic valve are risk factors for the development of neoaortic insufficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.340-343
• /
• 2004

SrA1$_2$O$_4$was prepared by polymerized complex method and crystalline growth was investigated. Precursors was annealed at temperatures form 900 to 100$0^{\circ}C$, for different time(between 0 and 10 h), and that was determined by Transmittance Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). Crystalline size was calculated by Scherrer's equation and its variation was studied. It increased rapidly in the primary stage and then slowly as a function of square root of time. so, It was grown to 32, 45 and 59nm after heating treatment at 900, 980, and 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 h respectively. Cstalline growth rates were 4.5, 9.6, and 18.6 nm/h$^{1}$2/ as a addition of heating temperature.