• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2007

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz is a medicinal plant and an endangered tropical rainforest plant species. Since the field cultivation that aims to fulfill the industrial needs is never accomplished, tissue culture appears to be the most feasible way to improve the quality and quantity of R. serpentina. This experiment used two kinds of explants (roots and shoots) to induce optimal root formation in different combinations of auxin and photoperiod. Each explants exhibited different responses on given treatments. Differentiated root could be produced from explants cultured in IBA 20 mg/L with and without light. The highest number of roots, root length and root weight induced from shoot explants were effective on MS medium containing IBA 20 mg/L and incubated under dark condition, while highest total weight (callus and root) from root explants cultured on MS medium supplemented 10 mg/L IBA and 10 mg/L NAA and incubated under day length (11/13 hr). The root induced from shoot explants produced the highest major alkaloid content. The highest content of ajmaline (2.17 ppm fresh weight) and reserpine (1.30 ppm fresh weight) were observed in shoot explants cultured in MS medium containing combination of IBA 10 mg/L and NAA 10 mg/L and incubated under dark condition, yohimbine (1.47 ppm fresh weight) was in the shoot explants cultured in MS medium containing NAA 20 mg/L and incubated under day length, while serpentine was absent.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2009

This study describes culture conditions for a plant regeneration system via a combined pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in root explant cultures of the commercial rose cultivar 'Charming'. Root explants formed white calluses at a frequency of 30% after 6 weeks of culture on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with $11mg\;1^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 6 weeks of transfer to SH medium without growth regulators, initial white calluses gave rise to globular somatic embryos at a frequency of 2.8%, which were subsequently dedifferentiated to embryonic tissues. Somatic embryos or embryonic tissues initially derived from root explants did not undergo development beyond cotyledonary stage. To produce adventitious shoots, embryonic tissues were sliced and cultured on SH medium with $0.5mg\;1^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine. After 4 weeks of culture, 28% of embryonic tissue explants formed adventitious shoots. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength SH medium with $0.1mg\;1^{-1}$ ${\alpha}-naphthalaneacetic$ acid and subsequently grown to maturity. Root-derived embryonic tissues were proliferated by subculture, while retaining the capacity for shoot production for a few years.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2004

In vitro cultures of watermelon were treated with antimitotic agent colchicine to induce ploidy alterations, particularly the induction of tetraploids. Explants cotyledon, embryonic end of seed, transverse sections of epicotyl and hypocotyl were cultured on MS media supplemented with BA ($1{\mu}M$) and colchicine ($0.01\%,\;0.05\%\;and\;0.1\%$). Explants were subcultured on colchicine free media after 4 and 7 days. Colchicine had negative effect on in vitro regeneration but this exhibited explants related response. However, hypocotyl section of seedlings induced maximum callus on $0.01\%$ colchicine. Shoot proliferation was more in cotyledon explants cultured on colchicine ($0.01\%$) for four days. Maximum root induction and root number were recorded in embryonic end explants. Overall, cotyledon and embryonic end explants, and low colchicine concentration ($0.01\%$) was found optimal in watermelon regeneration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2004

Plant regeneration depending on explant type was inves-tigated with cotyledon, hypocotyl, and leaf explants of garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of SAP and NAA combination. Among the three different types of explants, hypocotyl explants grown on MS medium containing $1.0{\mu}M\;NAA,\;1.0{\mu}M\;BA\;and\;6{\mu}M\;AgNO_3$ produced the highest adventitious shoots (4.67 per explant). Hypocotyl explants not only produced more vigorous shoots, which regenerated aster than the cotyledon and leaf explants. An efficient root formation was observed in MS medium containing $3\%$sucrose. The concentration of NAA did not show significant effects on root formation. Results from this experiment suggested that hypocotyl explants were efficient for the regeneration of garland chrysanthemum.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.493-499
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• 2012

We have established adventitious root culture systems of Codonopsis lanceolata, Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis ussuriensis. Root segments of C. lanceolata were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $18.8{\pm}1.9$ roots per explant. Root segments of C. pilosula were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $8.5{\pm}1.8$ roots per explant. Leaf segments of C. ussuriensis were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $7.8{\pm}0.4$ roots per explant. In liquid culture, the best production of adventitious root (fresh weight) was obtained in 1/2 MS medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA. This study demonstrated for the first time to produce adventitious roots in C. pilosula and C. ussuriensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.770-777
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• 2022

The main objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate condition for root formation of in vitro micropropagated pear (Pyrus spp.) plants. In vitro propagation was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg/L of N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 mg/L of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) medium. The short pre-treatment of explants with a high concentration (1 mg/L) of NAA and IBA (R0 medium) in dark for three days, followed by transfer to five different media (R1 to R5) resulted in good rooting responses in the pear 'Oharabani (P. pyrifolia × P. communis)' genotype. For the rooting experiments, the highest rooting percentage (83.3 ± 8.3%), average root length (3.6 ± 1.9 mm), total root number (31 ± 4.0), and average root number per plant (2.6 ± 2.1) were obtained on half strength (1/2) of MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose without hormones and activated charcoal (AC) (R1 medium). The highest rooting percentage was obtained at 83.3% from explants on R1 and R3 media. The rooting procedure described in this study resulted in good root formation and significantly shorting the root induction time to within 14 days of culture. Further studies are underway to test the suitability of the protocol developed in this study for other pear genotypes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus through the shake flask and bio-reactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of germinated somatic embryos on half-strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. The frequency of adventitious root formation was better in the explants comprising the basal hypocotyl parts than root explants alone. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), frequency of adventitious root induction was highest on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and produced $16.3\pm1.9$ roots per explant. In shake-flask culture, deletion of $NH_4NO_3$ of MS medium was effective for induction of adventitious root compared with both full and half-strength MS media. Fresh weight increase of induced adventitious roots was performed well in medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. When adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 10-liter bioreactor, 5.5 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of eleutheroside E and E1 was higher in in vitro cultured adventitious roots than the 3 year-old field cultivated root barks of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. The content of eltutheroside B was much lower in adventitious roots than that of field cultivated one.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2017

A rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system was established for Hibiscus syriacus L. The successful regeneration protocol employs induction of shoot organogenesis on leaf, petiole, and root explants. Among the various plant growth regulators evaluated, thidiazuron (TDZ) was the most effective for inducing rapid shoot formation. Most efficient shoot regeneration frequency was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ. Regeneration efficiency was highest in the roots, and lowest in the leaves. A combination of 0.01 mg/L TDZ with benzyladenine (BAP) markedly improved the frequency of shoot differentiation from the root (up to 98%) and petiole (up to 88%) explants. Furthermore, leaf and petiole explants showed the highest frequency of shoot induction in half-strength MS media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 1.0 mg/L BAP, while root explants formed the greatest number of shoots when 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L BAP were added to half-strength MS media. Although the frequency of shoot differentiation from leaf explants was only 50%, the leaf is considered the most efficient plant organ for use in tissue culture because leaves are easier to obtain than roots and petioles. Our findings show that various organs of H. syriacus can be used for plant regeneration, and the protocol developed in this study may be applicable in the horticulture industry.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2004

In Japan, propagation of cyclamen is mainly from seedlings. However, seeds are expensive and germination is slow and non..uniform. Therefore, to achieve genetically uniform propagation, multiplication must be vegetative. The rooted tuberous stems without shoots as sources of explants were cultured on the media containing BA and sucrose. After 30 days cultivation, tuberous roots were produced from the root ends attached to a tuberous stem and its capability was dependent on the type of media. The highest percentage of tuberous root formation was observed in Culture on the medium of 1/3 MS containing 0.05mgL$^{-1}$ NAA, 0.5mg L$^{-1}$ BA and 5% sucrose. Growth rates of the tuberous roots were greatly influenced by the cutting positions of a root in explants. The highest growth of was observed if small amount of root end was cut at initiation of tissue culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2012

In the present study, the effects of plant growth regulators on adventitious shoot and root formation of various explants of $in$ $vitro$ seedlings of $Solanum$ $nigrum$ L. were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the high-efficiency plant regeneration of this species. The formation of adventitious shoots was higher in leaf explants than in cotyledon, hypocotyl, or epicotyl explants at low concentrations (0.5~2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ ) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of adventitious shoots and the shoot length were also higher in both leaf and cotyledon explants. In particular, 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP was most effective for stimulating the induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots. In terms of root formation and root development from shoots that were separated from multiple shoots, indole butyric acid (IBA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were more effective than ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of rooting as well as the number of roots per shoot (4.0), root length (7.82 cm), and shoot length (8.76 cm) was highest on MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA. Furthermore, 100% of the regenerated plantlets survived when transplanted to compost soil. These results suggest that leaf explants are the best source for the high-efficiency regeneration of $S.$ $nigrum$ L., and that 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP and 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA are the best conditions for shoot and root induction, respectively.