• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1993

Ladino clover stolen growing in grazed sward transplanted in 1/5,000a Wagner pot with two rows and were grown in green house with 12h lighting. Fifty days after transplanting the first cutting was made, the secound and 3rd cutting was made 20 days after each harvest. Treatment were nitrogen fertilization level of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg N/10a. Nitrogen was top dressed after transplanting and each cutting. Growing point, above and under ground DM yield, nitrogen fixation, crude protein of stolon, root and change of acetylene reduction activity after cutting were investigated. Result are as follows. 1. Growing point, DM production were heighst in 5 kg N at the first and 2nd harvest while 2.5 kg at 3rd cutting. Plants with 7.5 kg N/10a were dead at 3rd harvest. There were significant differences in growing point between treatment. 2 Nitrogen fixation of ladino clover were the heightest in 2.5 kg N pot at 1st cutting and as cutting and N fertilization were contiuned nitrogen fixation activity was lowered. 3. Leaf have more crude protein than that of stolen and root while plant crude protein increased by 2nd cutting as plant got more nitrogen fertilizer and again decreased in 3rd cutting. 4. Acetylene reduction activity were lowest at 3 week and recovered normal level at 5 week after cutting, also DM root was same trend.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out in order to estimate the recovery days of root and stubble to the days after cutting, and contribution of specific stubble weight on the regrowth was examined using the relationships between the dry weight of shoot and yield components, and regrowth parameters by the days after cutting. The varieties examined were Maprima, Manhattan, Tove, Peramo, Caliente, Tempo and P-2 grown under individual plant basis. The results are may be summarized as follows: 1. Dry weight of root and stubble were recovered up to 13.5 and 11 days after cutting, respectively. 2. Dry weight of shoot(regrowth parts+stubble) was affected significantly by the varieties, stages of regrowth and variety x stage of regrowth. 3. The variety with tiller weight type showed higher average productivity of shoot than those of the variety with tiller number type. 4. Absolute growth rate(AGR) of shoot was correlated significantly with regrowth parts, stubble, root and weight of a tiller at the early stage of regrowth(up to 12 days after cutting), and correlated with regrowth parts, stubble, weight of tiller and stubble area at the late stage of regrowth(up to 20 days after cutting). 5. Contribution of specific stubble weight to absolute growth rate of shoot was different between the stages of regrowth. Thus, regrowth parts per specific stubble weight(RP1SSbW) and weight of tiller per specific stubble weight(WT1SSbW) contributed to absolute growth rate of shoot at the early stage of regrowth, and efficiency of specific stubble weight(ESSbW), regrowth parts per specific stubble weight (RPISSbW) and weight of a tiller per specific stubble weight(WT1SSbW) contributed to absolute growth rate of shoot at the late stage of regrowth. 6. Regrowth utilization rate(RUR) was one of the useful regrowth parameter to indicate the regrowth potential of grasses.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 1995

These experiments were conducted to promote the rooting in tea cutting bymeans of several root media, growth regulators, cutting material and cutting condition The results are summarized as follows. The rate of rooting was higher in the softwood than in the hardwood, and the best cutting sea­son was about August 10 in the hardwood, about April 10 in the softwood. The most suitable root medium was the Masato at which the rate of rooting was 71%, 87% each in the softwood and in the hardwood. When growth regulators, such as oxyberon, rootone were sprayed upon the hardwood, the rate of rooting was promoted to 4 - 9 % better than that of no treatment. But such a good effect was not recognized significantly in the softwood.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.504-508
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• 1983

To define the effects of synthetic auxins on rooting from the ginseng stern cutting and the root growth in diameter after the rooting of the cuttings, stern cuttings with palmate leaves obtained from seedlings and 2-year old ginseng plants were planted in rooting media treated with solutions of the synthetic auxins. All the roots induced from the cuttings were adventitious fibrous roots at first, but a few adventitious roots of the cutting were thickened in diameter to over 2 to 3mm at 120 days after cutting and the rest of them disappeared. IBA was the most effective auxin for rooting and root growth in diameter after rooting from the cuttings. The shape of the roots that thickened in diameter could be divided into two types. Both types of thickened roots were fully lignified at 120 days after cutting and those thickened roots did not dry up or die by July of the next year, however no rhyzomes or shoot primodia were induced from them.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic information on cultivation of Gentiana scabra BUNGE. Optimum temperature for germination, planting time effect of chemicals on rooting for cutting propagation, effect of cutting on root yield, and content of gentiopicroside were investigated. The germination ratio was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ but lower at $10,\;15,\;20\;,30^{\circ}C.$ The optimum planting time was March 20 the cutting in May and NAA treatment were effective on rooting for cutting propagation. Inhibition of flowering by cutting was effective for increasing root yield but not effective for gentiopicroside content of root.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2214-2222
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• 1993

With the use of the NC machine tool, the unmanned production system has been growing recently in the manufacturing field. This there are problems with monitoring adequate tool fracture during the cutting process efficiently. This study was planned and carried out to discover a way of monitoring tool condition in NO-LINE systems during the cutting process. The acquisition of data in cutting force and tool wear has been made in the section examined, to extract the RMS value of the cutting force as specific factors in the cutting process. The fluctuation of the RMS characteristics. From the results, it has been shown that the fluctuation of the RMS values for the cutting force has a close relation to flank wear.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1991

The purpose of this experiment was in order to detect the effect of cutting height on the growth and thatch accumulation in Zoysio japonica Cutting height treatments were 2.5, 3.8, 5.1cm and no cutting, respectively. The results were obtained as follows : 1.Cutting treatments great]y affected to the growth of Zoysia japonica and thatch accumulation. 2.The dry weight of Leaf and shoot had the highest at 5.1cm. So 5.1cm treatment was desirable level for the top growth of Zoysia japonica 3.The dry weight of leaf, shoot, root and coverage of control were obtained the higher than cutting treatments. 4.The dry weight of thatch of control were less than cutting treatments, and 5.1cm treatment were more than tow cutting height. 5.Retationships of dry weight of thatch with thatch depth and C/F ratio were positive significant differences at 5% level. 6. Relationship between dry weight of shoot and coverage showed a positive significant difference at 5% level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.311-320
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• 1996

If root and resection is done during surgical endodontic treatment, newly exposed dentinal tubules form pathways between the canal and the peripheral tissue. Nd : YAG laser was used to block this phenomenon, and its effect was studied with dye penetration and SEM techniques. 40 intact single rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups(10 each) : control group and test groups, in which retrograde cavity surface, cutting surface, retrograde cavity surface & cutting surface were treated with laser(1 watt 15pps) and finally retrograde filling with IRM was conducted. After that, they were stained with 2 % methylene blue, sectioned and evaluated by the maximum infiltration depth. And to observe surface change, they were prepared for SEM. The results were as follows ; 1. All experimental groups showed microleakage with variation in amount. 2. The 2nd group which treated both the retrograde cavity and cutting surface showed significantly less microleakage than the other groups(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups treated on one side only. 3. As a result of SEM observation of dentin surface, obstruction of dentinal tubules with marble shaped granules, which were different from normal dentin could be seen. Cracks could be seen also. 4. In summary of this experiment, it is thought that effort to obstruct the exposed dentinal tubules as well as retrograde cavity after root end resection is needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2020

Root extension is the most important growth change that occurs during cultivation. We analyzed growth changes according to young seedling age, temperature, and the degree of root cutting in order to identify factors affecting rooting after transplanting. Root cutting did not affect plant height growth rate, root growth rate was increased in plants that experienced root cutting, and 14-day-old seedlings exhibited a higher growth rate than 7-day-old seedlings. Growth temperature experiments revealed that elongation was high at 25℃ and 28℃, but tended to be low at 18℃, and root elongation was high at 22-28℃ for 7-day-old seedlings and 22-25℃ for 14-day-old seedlings. Nitrogen absorption decreased in the following growth temperature order: 25, 28, 22, 18℃, and differences in nitrogen absorption under different growth temperatures tended to be lower in 7-day-old seedlings. The amount of nitrogen taken up by roots did not differ significantly between the short root treatment and the control, and 7-day-old seedlings tended to start nitrogen absorption faster than 14-day-old seedlings. Root vitality was highest in short-rooted 7-day-old seedlings with 3 cm of root remaining, and vitality also tended to be high in short-rooted 14-day-old seedlings.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting efficiency of a newly developed microprojection tip and a diamond-coated tip under two different engine powers. Materials and Methods: The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and root-end preparation was performed with upward and downward pressure using one of the ultrasonic tips, KIS-1D (Obtura Spartan) or JT-5B (B&L Biotech Ltd.). The ultrasonic engine was set to power-1 or -4. Forty teeth were randomly divided into four groups: K1 (KIS-1D / Power-1), J1 (JT-5B / Power-1), K4 (KIS-1D / Power-4), and J4 (JT-5B / Power-4). The total time required for root-end preparation was recorded. All teeth were resected and the apical parts were evaluated for the number and length of cracks using a confocal scanning micrscope. The size of the root-end cavity and the width of the remaining dentin were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference in the time required between the instrument groups, but the power-4 groups showed reduced preparation time for both instrument groups (p < 0.05). The K4 and J4 groups with a power-4 showed a significantly higher crack formation and a longer crack irrespective of the instruments. There was no significant difference in the remaining dentin thickness or any of the parameters after preparation. Conclusions: Ultrasonic tips with microprojections would be an option to substitute for the conventional ultrasonic tips with a diamond coating with the same clinical efficiency.