• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of $10{\ell}$ per $3.3m^2$ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per $3.3m^2$ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.362-371
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• 2004

It is essential to have adequate knowledge of the timing of root resorption of deciduous teeth for diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric and orthodontic dentistry. Dental development is also influenced by hereditary characteristics, environmental factors, race, sex, endocrine reaction, nutrition, socioeconomic condition and secular factor. The aims of the present study were to determine the mean age of root resorption of deciduous teeth in contemporary Korean children and to compare the mean age of root resorption time of deciduous teeth between early 1990s and early 2000s. The study population was made up of Korean children attending the pediatric dentistry ward of Kyungpook National University Hospital. One thousand thirty seven children's panoramic radiograph (girls: 528 persons, boys: 509 persons) in $1990{\sim}1992$ and one thousand sixty five children's panoramic radiograph (girls: 394 persons, boys: 671 persons) in $2001{\sim}2003$ were examined. This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Due to the problems of imaging in the maxillary region and the mandibular incisor region, the mandibular deciduous canine, the mandibular deciduous first molar and the mandibular deciduous second molar were chosen for examination. The results were as follows. 1. There is a tendency for the teeth to resort earlier in the early 2000s group than the in early 1990s group. At the Res c stage, the difference of the mean age was 0.4 years. 2. At the Res c stage, the order of difference of the mean age from smaller to larger for the girls was the mandibular deciduous canine, the mandibular first deciduous molar, and the mandibular second deciduous molar. On the other hand, for the boys, the order was the mandibular second deciduous molar, the mandibular first deciduous molar, and the mandibular deciduous canine. The difference was larger with aging in girls and smaller with aging in boys. 3. There is a tendency for the teeth to resort earlier in girls in both the early 1990s group and the early 2000s group. The difference of the mean age between girls and boys was 0.3 year. 4. The commencement of root resorption of the mandibular deciduous canine was slower than that of the mandibular first deciduous molar. However, the completion of root resorption of the mandibular deciduous canine is faster than that of the mandibular first deciduous molar. The total elapsed time of root resorption from commencement to completion was shortest in the mandibular deciduous canine. 5. For each of the teeth in the early 1990s and the early 2000s groups, the speed of root resorption was in the later stage faster than in the earlier stage. In order to know about the exact timing of root resorption of deciduous teeth, periodic and longitudinal studies preferably covering the entire period of growth, is required.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1991

The root nodules and Glycine max were classified as determinate nodule based on their morphological characteristics, and isolated endosymbiont as a Bradyrhizobium based on its growth rate and single subpolar flagellum. The isolate was similar to B. japonicum USDA110 in utilization of carbon source, growth at 38.deg.C and 2% NaCl, production of $H_{2}$S and especially in the restriction endonuclease digestion pattern of symbiotic genes, allowing them to be placed in sTI group together. The former, however, grew better than the later in broad pH range from 5.0 to 9.5. Infectivity and effectivity of the isolate were confirmed by inoculation of soybean seedlings with the isolates. Characteristics of the reisolated endosymbiont from induced root nodules were identical to those of the first isolate. From these results, it was confirmed that Bradyrhizobium strain isolated from the root nodules of Glycine max was a real symbiont, and was named B. japonicum SNU001.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 1972

Tissues of $Panax\;Schinseng\;N_{EES}\;root$ were cultured on the synthetic agar media to investigate the nutrient efficiency on the callus induction and organ formation. The differentiation pattern of the callus mass and the structure of the induced organ (root) were observed internally. On White's medium, callus formation needed the supplement of 2,4-D (5mg/l) and kinetin (1.0mg/l), and on MS medium the root induction NAA (0.2mg/l) and kinetin (0.1mg/l). In order to investigate the effect of inorganic components on callus formation, the inorganic part of White' medium was substituted with those of Heller, Murashige Skoog, and Earle. As the result culture Earle's was most effective. On the other hand, the roots were induced from the meristem in the deep region of callus mass. Since this meristem is similar to the pericambium of tap root, they are the same on the pattern of morphogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.588.2-588
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasonic with sonic root end preparations using anaerobic bacterial leakage model. Forty eight single rooted teeth were instrumented with Profile using crown down technique to .06 black and obturated with GP cone and AH 26 root canal sealer using warm vertical condensation technique. The apical 3mm of each root was resected. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 20 teeth each and two control groups of four teeth as follows(omitted)

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the differences of ginseng product consumers and segment Korean fresh ginseng and red ginseng root markets based on attributes for the purchase. As a result of analyzing survey data, the red ginseng root consumers had different aspects from fresh ginseng consumers. According to the result of cluster analysis, the fresh ginseng consumers were subdivided into three segments (safety-oriented consumption cluster, label centered consumption cluster, and high involvement consumption cluster), while the red ginseng root consumers were subdivided into four segments (convenience-oriented consumption cluster, high involvement consumption cluster, raw material's safety-oriented cluster, and raw material's information importance cluster). ANOVA and Crosstab were conducted to investigate characteristics of each cluster.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Antioxidant activities of Ulmus davidiana root and bark extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant tests, including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitric oxide-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging, and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and reducing power analysis, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities by these testing methods. Ulmus davidiana root extract possessed strong reducing power and nitric oxide-scavenging activity, and high scavenging activities against free radicals including the superoxide anion, and the ABTS and DPPH radicals, but a weaker scavenging activity of SOD. In contrast, the Ulmus davidiana bark extract exhibited a strong SOD-like activity, but all the other activities were weak. It was observed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Ulmus davidiana root extract were higher than those of the Ulmus davidiana bark extract.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.5 s.106
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• pp.451-456
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• 2004

To establish a Altari radish pre-processing system far kimchi, the leaves and root tail of the Altari radish cutting de-vices were developed. The cutting resistances depend on the edge angles, oblique angles and cutting speeds were measured and analyzed. The experiments were performed to reveal the optimal conditions that showed the minimum cutting resistances acting on the materials. As the results, the optimum conditions that acting on the leaves were at edge angle $25^{\circ}$, oblique angle $40^{\circ}$ and cutting speed 0.5 m/s, and those acting on the root tails were at edge angle $20^{\circ}$, oblique angle $30^{\circ}$ and cutting speed 0.5 m/s, respectively. Considered a safety conception, the oblique angle of the leaves cutting device was adjusted as $20^{\circ}$, and then the cutting efficiencies of the both devices at these conditions were showed perfect performances.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.377-386
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of root canal irrigation method and irrigation solution in infected root canals. Access cavity were prepared in single-rooted extracted human teeth and each canals were prepared with step-back method and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Prepared teeth were experimentally inoculated in the canals for 30 minutes with four aerobes(Streptococcus mutans, Stapylococcus aures, Streptococcus sanguis, and E. coli) and two anaerobes(Streptoccus intermedius, and Clostrium perfringens). Normal saline, 3% $H_2O_2$, and 3% NaOCl were used as irrgation solutions. And root canals were irrigated with each irrigation solutions manually with disposible syringe or ultrasonic instument. (Apoza Uitrasonc, Taiwan). The irrigation effect on the eradication of S. aures and S. intermedius with normal saline was not similar between manual method and ultrasonic method. No significant differences were observed in the eradication of E. coli and C. perfringens among the irrigation solution and irrespective of the irrigation methods. In S. aurues and S. mutans, there was somewhat different eradication effect according to irrigation solutions, but there was no significant difference between manual method and ultrasonic methods. These results suggest that ultrasonic irrigation method with saline is more effective in some strains than manual irrigation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2000

A peony is perennial plant which comes under Paeoniaceae. The anatomical differences in root and stem of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Paeonia obovata Maxim. are studied. The length of the vessel members of P. lactiflora Pallas is a bit longer than that of P. obovata Maxim. in the stem and the roots, and the width of the vessel members of P. lactiflora Pallas is wider than that of P. obovata Maxim. in the stem and the root. The secondary xylem in the root of P. lactiflora Pallas is discontinuos scalariform arrangement while that of P. obovata Maxim. is continuous radical arrangement.