• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

A series of aqueous extracts and residues from leaves, stems, roots, pods and seeds of Korean black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to determine their allelopathic activities through petri-dish and greenhouse experiments, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts or residues from the seeds, and followed by pods. The extracts of 40g dry tissue $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ applied on filter paper in petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa, and especially extracts from seeds and pods reduced root length of alfalfa more than those from leaves, stems, or roots. Plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights of barnyard grass were reduced significantly by residue incorporation of seeds and pods as the incorporated amount increased. These results suggest that black soybean plants had herbicidal potential, and their activities were exhibited differently depending on plant parts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1984

In order to clarify an effect of seedling weight on the growth pattern of ginseng, seedlings ranged from 0.4g plant to 1.8g plant were transplanted, and then the characters of 5- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The characters of root and leaf, such as length and diameter of main root, root weight, leaf area, and leaf dry weight of 5- and 6-year-old ginseng originated from large seedlings were superior as compared with those from small seedlings, and percentage of missing plant was increased with the increase of seedling weight. There were, however, no significant difference in stem length, stem dry weight, number of seeds per plant and number of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant in 5- and 6-year-old ginseng and these characters were not affected by the weight of seedings transplanted. Root field per unit area was higher in seedings of above 0.6g/plant than in small seedlings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1981

Ginseng seeds were gathered from 3,4,5 and 6 years of age and were classified into four qroups (below 4mm, 4∼5mm, 5∼6mm and above 6mm in across sieve). They were sown in seedling bed and some characters were investigated in each qroup of seed size. 1. The distribution of seed size of below 4mm, 4-5mm, 5-6mm and 6mm were 23.7%, 60.8%, 12.4% and 4.5%, respectively. 2. The ratio of seed coat dehiscence was not affected by seed size but emergence ratio and emerging vigor were superior in large seed. 3. The large seed showed superiority in stem length, stem diameter, leat and also in root length, root diameter and root weight. but diseased root was not affected by seed size. The effect of age(seed harvest) was not significant on all those characters.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1985

Dimensional variation of secondary xylem elements, such as vessel element and fiber, was investigated in root, stem and branch of Alnus hirsuta and A. firma. It is clear that vessel diameter in the root is the widest, next in the stem, and the least in the branch. Length of vessel element among them becomes, however, larger in following sequence; stem, root, and branch, whereas fiber diameter and length are the widest in the root, the second in the stem, and the least in the branch. The size of secondary xylem element at any one level in tree increases from the center (pith) of the organs through a number of annual rings to the outer.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2006

Comparison of the grade of raw ginseng and that of red ginseng was investigated. The materials used in this study were Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium L.) Coefficient of body term, length of main stem and weight of raw ginseng were used as the classifying criteria of the root size and grades. Korean ginseng distinguished the distribution of weight size from that of American ginseng. Korean ginseng distributed largely in middle and large root size, and American ginseng distributed largely in middle and small root size. American ginseng had shorter length of main root, bigger diameter of main root and more number of adventitious roots than Korean ginseng. The quality of Korean ginseng was better than that of American ginseng. In Korean ginseng, high quality of red ginseng above second grade (Jisam) was obtained, but low quality of red ginseng under third grade (Yangsam) in American ginseng. In Korean raw ginseng, the coefficients of body form of middle weight and large weight size were under 0.5, but those of American ginseng was over 0.5. So American ginseng were not adequate to produce good red ginseng. Those factors as length of main root and weight of main root were not significantly influenced on the qualify of red ginseng in both Korean ginseng and American ginseng. Coefficient of body form was leading factor affecting the quality of red ginseng. To improve the quality of red ginseng, coefficient of body form, weight of main root and length of main root were controlled adequately in both Korean ginseng and American ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the optimum intensity of root pruning and the initial seedling size of 1-year-old Quercus serrata for producing 2-year-old healthy seedlings. Large( > 26 cm hight) and small size ( < 24 cm hight) seedlings were pruned their root by the length of 5, 10, and 15cm and then transplanted on nursery. Stem height, root-collar diameter(RCD), height to RCD ratio(H/D ratio), shoot dry weight(DW) and root development were measured during first growing season after transplanting. Seedling size and pruning intensity influenced on shoot growth such as height, RCD, H/D ratio and DW after transplanting. In addition, the development of lateral roots such as number, length, DW and diameter were affected by the seedling size. Taproot pruned by 15cm was shown excellent above-ground growth in large seedling group, but pruned by 10 and 15cm showed respectively better shoot growth in small seedling group. Large seedlings increased their above-ground growth, taproot regrowth, and number of lateral roots more than those of the small seedlings. But the length and DW of lateral roots were increased in the small seedlings. In conclusion, in order to produce high quality 2-year-old seedlings, it is important to produce large size of Q. serrata seedlings. Also root pruning length of 1-year-old Q. serrata was reasonable on 15 cm in taller than 26 cm or 10cm in less than the height.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) on the root -mat formation of infant seedling (8- to 10-day-old seedling) of rice in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were socked in water with different concentrations of PGRs for 48 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220 g per seed tray (30x60x3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder) was used for a fungicide. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly promoted the root growth of the rice seedling, while tetracy-cle, pachlobutrazol and NTN -821 reduced the seedling height and root length, and thickened the shoot diameter at higher concentation levels. Tetracycle decreased root length of the rice seedlings but increased root number per seedling, and root-mat formation was poor. Whereas, metalaxyl concentrations of 200 and 1,000 ppm markedly increased root length and number of root hairs without decreasing root number, thus root-mat formation was excellent. The optimum concentration of metalaxyl seed treatment to increase the root-mat formation of infant seedling of rice was about 200 ppm. Metalaxyl seed treatment could be advanced one to two days of the duration of root-mat formation compared with control.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2006

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of chitosan on creeping bentgrass growth. Chitosan was applied several times in dilution of 300, 500 and 800 times at ten-day intervals after transplanting. Such growth characteristics as leaf length, root length, numbers of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight and chlorophyll content were observed. Treatment of 500 times diluted chitosan resulted in the longest root length, being 31.5cm while the control the shortest root of 25.1cm. Leaf numbers were 27.9 and 45.5, respectively for the control and the 300 times treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was associated with treatment of 300 times diluted chitosan and the lowest one with the control, resulting in 11.9 and $18.4mg/100cm^2$, respectively. We found that leaf number, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight were higher in the treatment of 500 times than the other treatments.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 1994

The individual and combined effects of acidic rain, Mg deficiency (-Mg) and Al surplus (＋Al) on the growth of shoots and roots of pitch pine seedlings and the effect of humic substances (Lit) on Al toxicity were investigated. The growth of height and dry matter were not significantly less for pitch pine seedlings sprayed with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 than for those sprayed with SAR of pH 5.6. But treatments of Al and ＋Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the growth of seedlings in terms of height of shoots, and dry matter of shoots or roots. Effect of Mg deficiency on the growth of seedlings was apparent only when Al was treated simutaneously. The growth of seedlings, regardless of rain pH, decreased in the following order: control=-Mg>Lit＋Al>＋Al>＋Al-Mg. Treatments of Al and ＋Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the total length of secondary and teritary roots of seedlings regardless of rain pH, and decreased in the following order: the primary root

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of agronomic characters, their path coefficients in 2, 3 and 4-year old ginseng plants, and to provide a useful information for ginseng breeding. Correlation coefficients between stem fen변h, number of leaves and number of Iraflets in 2-year age, and stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed highly significant correlation with number of fruits and root weight in 4-year age. The path coefficient analysis indicated that stem length and number of leaflets might give indirect effects on root weight regardless of plant age. On the other hand, stem length and number of leaflets in 2-year age and, stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed direct effects on root weight in 4-year old ginseng. These results may be used for selection of high-yielding ginseng plants. Key words Selection information, correlation and path coefficient analysis.