• Title/Summary/Keyword: Root Development

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Correlation between the Dieback Ratio and Cultivation Environment for Apple Orchards Infected by Soil-Borne Diseases in Chungbuk Province (충북에서 사과 주요 토양병에 의한 고사율과 재배환경과의 상관관계)

  • Lee, Sung-Hee;Kwon, Yeuseok;Shin, Hyunman;Kim, Ik-Jei;Nam, Sang-Young;Hong, Eui Yon;Kim, Daeil;Cha, Jae-Soon
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2017
  • The previous study showed that die-back of apple trees caused by soil-borne diseases was significantly high in the apple orchards in Chungbuk province. The correlation between dieback ratio and cultivation environment in apple orchards infected by soil-borne diseases was investigated in this study. The dieback ratio of five orchards diseased by violet root rot and five places infected by white root rot showed significantly positive correlation with Ca content and available $P_2O_5$ content in soil, respectively. Whereas, the dieback ratio of fourteen orchards diseased by Phytophthora root rot was not significant. Subgrouping of cultivation environment analysis showed that the slope degree of orchard and the number of fruit setting also affected the dieback ratio caused by violet root rot and Ca content in soil also affected the dieback ratio caused by white root rot. It showed that the slope degree, soil texture, Mg and Ca content affected the dieback ratio caused by Phytophthora root rot. These results can be applied to reduce die-back ratio by the modification cultivation environment for each soil-borne disease.

Effects of Topping Methods on Root Yield and Major Agronomic Characteristics in Alisma plantago

  • Kwon, Byung-Sun;Hyun, Kuy-Hwan
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 2004
  • The effects of topping method on the yield and major agronomic traits of two varieties, Sunwol and Youngjun of Alisma plantago, were investigated in the Southern region. Plant height, yield of fresh root, yield of dry root and weights of total roots were the highest in the variety of Sunwol, and at the plots with topping of four times cutting in flowering in main culm (Treatment No.1). Considering from our results, optimum topping method is most likly be topping of four times cutting in flowering in main culm in the Sunwol variety.

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Root metabolic cost analysis for root plasticity expression under mild drought stress

  • Kano-Nakata, Mana;Mitsuya, Shiro;Inukai, Yoshiaki;Yamauchi, Akira
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.328-328
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    • 2017
  • Drought is a major limiting factor that reduces rice production and occurs often especially under recent climate change. Plants have the ability to alter their developmental morphology in response to changing environment, which is known as phenotypic plasticity. In our previous studies, we found that one chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL50 derived from Nipponbare and Kasalath crosses) showed no differences in shoot and root growth as compared with the recurrent genotype, Nipponbare under non-stress condition but showed greater growth responses compared with Nipponbare under mild drought stress condition. We hypothesized that reducing root respiration as metabolic cost, which may be largely a consequence of aerenchyma formation would be one of the key mechanisms for root plasticity expression. This study aimed to evaluate the root respiration and aerenchyma formation under various soil moisture conditions among genotypes with different root plasticity. CSSL50 together with Nipponbare and Kasalath were grown under waterlogged conditions (Control) and mild drought stress conditions (20% of soil moisture content) in a plastic pot ($11cm{\times}14cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$) and PVC tube ($3cm{\times}30cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$). Root respiration rate was measured with infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, GMP343, Vaisala, Finland) with a closed static chamber system. There was no significant difference between genotypes in control for shoot and root growth as well as root respiration rate. In contrast, all the genotypes increased their root respiration rates in response to mild drought stress. However, CSSL50 showed lower root respiration rate than Nipponbare, which was associated by higher root aerenchyma formation that was estimated based on internal gas space (porosity) under mild drought stress conditions. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between root length and root respiration rate. These results imply that reducing the metabolic cost (= root respiration rate) is a key mechanism for root plasticity expression, which CSSL50 showed under mild drought.

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VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN DISTRIBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICEROOT (수도근(水稻根)의 분포(分布) 및 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性)에 관(關)한 품종간차이(品種間差異))

  • Park, H.;Park, Y.S.;Kim, Y.W.;Shin, C.S.;Kim, Y.S.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 1972
  • Varietal difference in root distribution and other root characteristics were investigated under fold and water culture condition. The results were as follows: 1. IR667 showed funnel type of root distribution in soil profit while Jinheung had barrel type, and each type appearance was more distinguishable with fertilizer application. 2. Root weight per tiller was smaller in IR667 than in Jinheung and IR667 had more root in 0 to 5cm of soil depth but Jinheung had more in 5 to l0cm depth. 3. Horizontal distribution of root was dencer near to stem base without fertilizer than with fertilizer in both IR667 and Jinheung indicating structural construction for intensive nutrient uptake. Between varieties this 'dence to stem base' trend accompaning 'dence to wide spacing side' was greater in IR667 without fertilizer and these were quite true with fertilizer in Jinheung. 4. The decreasing rates of root and ear weight by fertilizer application were greater in IR667 than in Jinheung. This and other characteristics indicated that the root of IR667 is likely to be panicle-number type comparing with Jinheung. 5. The root of IR667 had lower oxidizing power of ${\alpha}-naphthylamine$ than that of Jinheung indicating weaker resistance to reductive soil but cation exchange capacity of water-cultured root was higher in IR667 suggesting stronger nutrient uptake. 6. The content of phosphorus and especially potassium in root were higher with fertilizer but lower without fertilizer in IR667 than in Jinheung indicating that IR667 is more sensitive to root environment. 7. The contents of N, K and CEC were increasing toward root tip while P content was decreasing. The root from surface soil had higher N and K content than that from subsoil. The contents of N,P,K, and CEC of root at harvesting stage were about 1.0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 15me/100g at dry weight base, respectively.

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Effect of Diameter and Length of Root on Yield in Rehmannia glutionosa Libosch (지황(地黃) 종근(種根)의 굵기와 길이가 수양(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Choi, In-Sik;Park, Jae-Seong;Cho, Jin-Tae;Son, Seok-Yong;Han, Dong-Ho;Chung, In-Myeong;Lee, Jung-Ii
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 1995
  • This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of root diameter and length on yield in Rehmannja glutionosa on experimental fields of Chungbuk Provincial Rural Development Ad­ministration. Emergance date was faster Sand 10 days with root diameter 3mm and 9mm than that of root diameter 6mm. Emergance ratio was high in the order of 6mm >7mm > 9mm with root diameter, and bolting ratio was increased in the order of 9mm > 6mm > 3mm with root diameter. Leaf length had no differences betwere root diameter and length, and leaf width had same tendency. Content of inorganic matter such as T - N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O,\; C_aO,\;M_gO$ was high measuring date was delayed, and higher in root than leaf. Sugar content was higher in November than in October and had no differences with root diameter, but was more de­creased as the root length was longer. Yield was increased 9 % with root diameter 9mm. Comparing with root length, yield was higer 5% with 6cm than that of 1, 172kg/10a with 3cm, and decreased 25% with 9cm. And the profitable root was considered root diameter 8mm and root length 6cm.

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Control Effect of Coffee Ground Compost and Velvet bean Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Pumpkin (커피박 퇴비와 벨벳콩을 이용한 호박의 고구마 뿌리혹선충 방제효과)

  • Kim, Min-Jeong;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Yong-Ki;Hong, Sung-Jun;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Huh, Chang-Seok;Ryu, Young-Hyun;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Kim, Seuk-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on pumpkin seedling with 10%, 20% coffee ground compost and 1% plant velvet bean powder (plain skin bean, leopard skin bean, hole plant, bean pod). Among the root-knot nematode insecticide treatments, the velvet bean plant powder was the highest mortality rate with 83.2% in greenhouse condition. In addition, the root-knot nematode second juvenile mortality significantly increased with the lapse of processing time for each concentration of leopard skin velvet bean extract in vivo. After 24 hours, the mortality rate of root-knot nematode showed the highest at 1.2% and 2.4% of leopard skin velvet bean extract. The growth promoting effect of seedlings pumpkin, 20% of coffee ground compost treatments inhibited the growth of pumpkin seedlings and 1% the tiger pattern velvet beans powder was the most to promote the growth of pumpkin seedlings. However, the results indicated that the organic materials of velvet beans and coffee ground compost are expected to be able to effectively control the root-knot nematode and further studies will be needed for the concentration and application methods.

Comparison of Underground Root Growth Characteristics of Major Cool-Season Grasses according to Establishment Stages in Sports Turf Designed by the USGA Soil System (USGA 지반으로 설계된 스포츠 잔디밭에서 조성단계별 주요 한지형 잔디의 지하부 뿌리생육 특성 비교)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Nam
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.166-176
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    • 2015
  • Research was initiated to investigate root growth characteristics of major cool-season grasses (CSG) and to collect basic information useful for sports turf design, construction and maintenance. Several turfgrasses were evaluated in the USGA (United States Golf Association) soil system. Turfgrass entries were comprised 3 blends and 3 mixtures of Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (TF, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Significant differences were found in root growth, rooting potential and rooting development. These characteristics increased with time after seeding, but varied with establishment stages. In early stage, root length was highest with PR, intermediate with TF and lowest with KB. Evaluation in a middle stage indicated that root growth was similar to early-stage evaluation, but decreased by 13 to 31% compared with early-stage values. Root growth of late stage increased by 34 to 85% over middle-stage root growth. Overall, thhere was not much difference in root length among treatments, with all except Mixture I reaching 22cm in root length. Rooting potential ranking was variable with establishment stage, being PR > KB > TF in early stage, PR > TF > KB in middle stage and TF > PR > KB in late stage. At the end of the study, TF was rated best for rooting development, followed by PR and finally KB. Our results showed that TF was the best species in regard to overall rooting characteristics. TF exhibited excellent rooting development with time after establishment. Bunch-type PR showed fast root growth in the early stage, but rooting quality characteristics decreased with time, especially for rooting development. By contrast, rhizomatous-type KB was poor in early-stage root growth, but rooting characteristics improved with time after establishment. These variations in rooting characteristics among CSGs were considered to arise from differences in establishment vigor, growth habit and genetic characteristics. Information on root growth, rooting potential and rooting development by establishment stages will be useful for sports turf design, construction and maintenance.

Effects of Lotus Root Powder on the Quality of Dough (연근 분말 첨가가 식빵 반죽에 미치는 영향)

  • 김영숙;전순실;정승태;김래영
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.573-578
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    • 2002
  • The quality characteristics of dough with lotus root powder were investigated. As the content of lotus root powder increased, doughs showed higher water absorption, lower stability and longer development time than control as measured with a farinograph. Extensibility decreased with the increase of lotus root powder. As the addition of lotus root powder increased, the doughs has higher gelatinization temperatures and maximum viscosities than control as measured by amylograph. And the pH of the dough also increased by the increase of lotus root powder.

An Investigation of Undescribed Black Root Rot Disease of Soybean Caused by Cylindrocladium(Calonectria) crotalariae in Korea (콩의 미기녹(未記錄) 병(病)인 Cylindrocladium(Calonectria) crotalaria에 의한 흑색(黑色) 뿌리썩음병)

  • Sung, Jae-Mo
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.53-57
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    • 1980
  • An undescribed black root rot of soybean, caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae, was observed in Suweon area. The diseased plants showed yellowing at the top and dry rot at the root. Lesions of roots and stems in the soil were red to brown and main roots were cracked. Although not observed the disease in the field, leaves of inoculated test plants in the greenhouse exhibited circular, brown lesion surrounded by chloratic halos. The fungus was recovered in culture from the infected stem and root, and the perithecia of Calonectria crotalariae were demonstrated to be present as well as the cylindrocladium state. The fungus was pathogenic to the root, stem, petioles and leaves of soybean. The probable source of primary inoculum was microsclerotia formed in infected soybean root and stem from the previous season's soybean debris. Black root rot by this fungus was considered to be one of detrimental factors to the maximum yield of soybean. From the morphological and physiological characteristics and pathogenic behaviors, this fungus was identified as Cylindrocladium(Calonectria) crotalariae.

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Hingeless Blade Reinforcement for Whirl Tower Test of Bearingless Hub (무베어링 허브 훨타워 시험을 위한 무힌지 블레이드 보강)

  • Kim, Tae-Joo;Yoon, Chul-Yong;Kee, Young-Joon;Kim, Seung-Ho;Jung, Sung-Nam;Dhadwal, M.K.
    • Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2012
  • During helicopter rotor system development process, whirl tower test is conducted basically. For conducting whirl tower test during bearingless hub development process, design new blade or using existing blade with repair or remodeling. Because simple shape and efficient aerodynamic characteristic, BO-105 blade is used for hub system development widely. Originally BO-105 Blade is used for hingeless hub, so flap stiffness and lag stiffness on blade root area is relatively low. So appling BO-105 blade to bearingless hub whirl tower test, root area have to be reinforce. In this paper, suggest reinforcement method of BO-105 blade root area.