• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

야생 차나무집단의 임분구조와 현존량의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 지역, 위도 등을 고려하여 12개 야생 차나무 집단을 선정하여 임분구조와 현존량을 조사하였다. 차나무 집단별 평균 근원직경은 집단별 평균 수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었으나 집단별 평균 수고, 밀도, 근원단면적은 집단별 평균수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 관목층인 차나무 집단의 밀도와 근원단면적은 교목층의 흉고단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 차나무의 표본목 측정 결과 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량은 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 1년생 잎과 소지의 건중량은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 2년생 이상 잎 건중량의 경우 근원직경과 상관관계가 없었다. 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량이 증가하는 것은 근주당 줄기의 수가 증가하기 보다는 좋기의 평균 직경과 수고가 증가하기 때문이었다. 차나무 집단의 임목 전체 현존량은 1,162~11,474kg/ha, 주 이용 대상인 1년생 잎의 현존량은 165~1,341kg/ha로서 집단간 큰 차이가 있었으며, T/R율은 1.5~2.8의 범위를 보였다. 축적기관인 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 현존량은 평균 수령, 평균 근원직경, 밀도와는 독립적이었으나 근원단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 생산기관인 1년생 잎과 소지의 현존량은 평균수령, 평균 근원직경과는 독립적이었으나, 근원단면적, 밀도와 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 1996

This study was conducted to establish an identification method age for cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) based on counting the stem vestige at rhizome. Weight, diameters of body and lateral roots, and ratios of those diameters were overlapped with those of other ages, so these are not enough as a criterion for identification of ginseng age. Since the stem vestige at rhizome was remained clearly from the 3rd-year age, root age can be the number of stem vestige +2. The number of stem vestige should be counted at the one side of rhizome with abundant vestige for multi stewed plant. It is necessary that the number of year-ring in root is investigated for rhizome damaged plant, but it must be considered that the new year-ring can be shown clearly after around loth of June. All dormant roots had damaged rhizome by some reasons.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1981

Ginseng seeds were gathered from 3,4,5 and 6 years of age and were classified into four qroups (below 4mm, 4∼5mm, 5∼6mm and above 6mm in across sieve). They were sown in seedling bed and some characters were investigated in each qroup of seed size. 1. The distribution of seed size of below 4mm, 4-5mm, 5-6mm and 6mm were 23.7%, 60.8%, 12.4% and 4.5%, respectively. 2. The ratio of seed coat dehiscence was not affected by seed size but emergence ratio and emerging vigor were superior in large seed. 3. The large seed showed superiority in stem length, stem diameter, leat and also in root length, root diameter and root weight. but diseased root was not affected by seed size. The effect of age(seed harvest) was not significant on all those characters.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.209-222
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• 1987

The author invested the gonial angle, the angle of mandibular and mental canal to the lower border of the mandible, and a relationship of the position of the mandibular canal to the root apex of the posterior teeth and the cortical plate of the lower of the mandible. The materials consisted of 458 pantomograms in male and female aged 11-40 and divided into 5 groups at 5 year intervals and subdivided into 3 groups by gonial angle. The results were as follows; 1. The gonial angle decreased with age, but slight increase occurred over 26-30 years. 2. The average angle of the mandibular canal to the lower border of the mandible was 151.6° and did not correlate with age. 3. The average angle of the mental canal to the lower border of the mandible was 36.9° and didn't correlate with age. 4. The angles of mandibular and mental canal to the lower border of the mandible correlated with gonial angle. 5. The distance from the root apex of the posterior teeth to the upper wall of the mandibular canal was most short at the region of the distal root of the mandibular second molar and increased with age at the region of the mandibular second molar. 6. The distance from the lower wall of the mandibular canal to the cortical plate of the lower border of the mandible was most short at the region of the mesial root of the mandibular first molar and didn't correlate with age.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.636-640
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• 2007

In order to investigate the major metabolite patterns of aged Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer roots, the ginsenoside contents for white ginseng roots of various ages were compared. The 1-year to 6-year old roots were extracted with methanol, and then the methanol-soluble metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite contents of the 1-year and 2-year roots, including the ginsenosides and minor components, were not different, but the $Rg_1$, Re, and Rc ginsenoside contents between the 2-year and 3-year roots showed significant differences. $Rg_1$ and Rc increased significantly in the 1-year to 2-year roots, and Re increased significantly from the 3-year root age. Rd increased slightly until the 2-year age and decreased from the 3-year age. Based on the ginsenoside distributions and contents at various root ages, we have suggested 2 biogenesis schemes using the ginsenosides that have been isolated from the roots of P. ginseng so far.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.890-900
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• 2021

Objective: To identify the association between morphological and functional characteristics of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and bicuspid aortopathy and to identify the determinants of aortic dilatation using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT). Materials and Methods: This study included 312 subjects (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [14.3] years; 227 males [72.8%]) who underwent TTE and CCT. The BAVs were classified by anterior-posterior (BAV-AP) or right-left (BAV-RL) orientation of the cusps and divided according to the presence (raphe+) or absence of a raphe (raphe-) based on the CCT and intraoperative findings. The dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva and the proximal ascending aorta were measured by CCT. We assessed the determinants of aortic root and proximal ascending aortic dilatation (size index > 2.1 cm/m²) by Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 312 patients, BAV-AP was present in 188 patients (60.3%), and 185 patients (59.3%) were raphe+. Moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) was the most common hemodynamic abnormality (54.8%). The most common type of aortopathy was the combined dilated root and mid-ascending aortic phenotype (62.5%). On multivariable analysis, age and AS severity were significantly associated with aortic root dilatation (p < 0.05), and age, sex, and AS severity were significantly associated with ascending aortic dilatation (p < 0.05). However, the orientation of the cusps, presence of a raphe, and severity of aortic regurgitation were not associated with aortic root and ascending aortic dilatation. Conclusion: BAV morphological characteristics were not determinants of aortic dilatation. Age, sex, and AS severity were predictors of bicuspid aortopathy. Therefore, age, sex, and AS severity, rather than valve morphology, need to be considered when planning treatment for BAV patients.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.180-183
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• 1985

산지삼포에서 면삼율과 결근율을 조사하여 토양의 화학성과 단순상관 관계를 보았다. 면삼율은 근령에 관계가 없었고 결근율과 정상관을 보이는 경우가 많았다. 면삼율은 토양의 유효인산함량 및 인산일수분비와 유의정상관을 보였다. 결근율은 토양 수분 및 Ca과 유의부상관, 인산일수분비와 유의정상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 면삼과 결근의 공통요인으로 토양인산의 과다와 토양수분의 부족임을 시사한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

목적: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT)를 이용하여 한국인의 상악 제1대구치(MM1), 제2대구치(MM2)에서 제2근심협측(MB2) 근관, 치근 융합 및 C형 근관의 발생률에 대해 평가하였다. 재료 및 방법: 술 전 평가를 위해 CBCT 촬영을 한 환자를 선택했다. 1658명의 환자로부터 1498개의 MM1과 1742개의 MM2의 CBCT 영상이 획득되었고, MB2 근관, 치근융합 및 C형 근관을 분석했다. 연령, 성별 및 치아위치와 MB2 근관 발생률간의 관계도 조사하였다. 결과: 연구표본은 비교적 고령(평균연령: 66.1세)이었다. MB2 근관의 발생률은 MM1, MM2 각각 60.1%, 28.0% 였고, MM1, MM2에서 각각 Weine Type III, Type II가 우세했다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 MB2 근관은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, MM1에서는 남성에서 MB2 근관이 더 많이 발견되었다. 치근융합은 MM1에서 2.3%, MM2에서 26.2%, C형 근관은 MM1에서 0.4%, MM2에서 2.7%로 모두 MM2에서 발생률이 더 높았다. 결론: MB2 근관은 MM2보다 MM1에서 더 발생률이 높았다. 치근융합과 C형 근관은 모두 MM2에서 더 발생률이 높았다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Purposes: This study employed a posteriori registration and subtraction of radiographic images to quantify the apical root resorption in maxillary permanent central incisors after orthodontic treatment, and assessed whether the external apical root resorption (EARR) was related to a range of parameters involved in the treatment. Materials and Methods: A sample of 79 patients (mean age, $13.5{\pm}2.2years$) with no history of trauma or endodontic treatment of the maxillary permanent central incisors was selected. Periapical radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were digitized and imported to the Regeemy software. Based on an analysis of the post-treatment radiographs, the length of the incisors was measured using Image J software. The mean EARR was described in pixels and relative root resorption (%). The patient's age and gender, tooth extraction, use of elastics, and treatment duration were evaluated to identify possible correlations with EARR. Results: The mean EARR observed was $15.44{\pm}12.1pixels$ (5.1% resorption). No differences in the mean EARR were observed according to patient characteristics (gender, age) or treatment parameters (use of elastics, treatment duration). The only parameter that influenced the mean EARR of a patient was the need for tooth extraction. Conclusion: A posteriori registration and subtraction of periapical radiographs was a suitable method to quantify EARR after orthodontic treatment, and the need for tooth extraction increased the extent of root resorption after orthodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.33.1-33.10
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the proximity of maxillary molar roots to their overlying cortical bone surfaces and the maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 151 patients with completely erupted upper molars that had 3 separate roots were studied. The following distances were measured: from the root apex to the cortical plate and maxillary sinus floor, and from the apical 3-mm level of the root to the cortical plate. Differences between groups were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test, the significance of differences between cone-beam computed tomography views with the paired t-test, and the significance of differences among age groups with linear regression analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mesiobuccal and distobuccal root apexes of maxillary second molars were more distant from the buccal cortical plate than the maxillary first molars (p < 0.05). The apical 3-mm level of the mesiobuccal root of the first molar was closer to the buccal cortical bone than the second molar (p < 0.05). In the maxillary first molars, the thickness of the buccal cortical bone decreased in all roots with age (p < 0.05). In all root apexes of both molars, the difference in the vertical level between the maxillary sinus floor and the root apex increased with age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Awareness of the anatomical profile of maxillary molar apices in relation to the cortical bones and maxillary sinus will be beneficial for apical surgery.