• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.39-42
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• 2004

주변압기실에 Water Mist 소화설비의 적용을 위하여 과거 화재사례 분석, 변압기의 형태, 변압기실의 구조 등을 검토하여 3가지 화재유형을 상정하였고, 발생 가능한 화재규모 및 종류를 검토하여 소화성능 평가를 위한 6가지 화재 시나리오를 제시하고 이를 검증하기 위한 모의실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 주변압기실에 적용 가능한 최적의 Water Mist 소화설비의 시험기준을 정립하였으며, 향후 본 시험기준에 의한 전력공급용 주변압기실 Water Mist 소화설비가 화재에 의한 대형 재난을 예방함과 동시에 안정적인 전력공급에 이바지할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

Sludge incineration facilities are socially recognized as a hate facility. Therefore, a careful deodorization plan must be established. Therefore, the incineration facility must conduct research on odor ventilation. In this study, a odor diffusion simulation in an incineration facility was conducted and analyzed. In particular, research was carried out on carry-in rooms, pre-treatment rooms, and storage facilities for crops, which are expected to rapidly spread odor. As a result, ammonia 1.62, hydrogen sulfide 0.63, and acetaldehyde 0.73 were found in the transfer room. In addition, pretreatment rooms and stencil storage facilities were found to be lower than regulatory standards.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

Embedded Duct Ventilation System in Ondol is embedded supply duct in Ondol. This system allows heat up outside air to inside temperature with out using heat exchanger and electric heating coiling in winter season. In this research, we measured temperature of inside and surface of Ondol, supply duct, and supply air temperature incorporate embedded duct ventilation system in Ondol in model house($110m^2$) & one room($23m^2$)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.102-103
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• 2019

There are about 3,500 people living in the Seoul Dosshouse, including Namdaemun, Dongdaemun, Donui-dong, Changshin-dong, and Yeongdeungpo. The daytime temperature in the Dosshouse is 43 degrees and the indoor temperature is 35 degrees, which is also higher than the surrouding area. Most of them live in one-person the poor strata, where they have been fighting the heat and the summer. The old building is closely located and a 1.5-pyeong room without windows is a hot environment. Water, air-conditioning is difficult or impossible for people who are economically inferior and cannot solve their own solutions. The solution that can be provided by the country is to heat up once or twice a day by fire hose or shelter. However, there are many patients with discomfort, the distance is far, and the effect is insignificant. Therefore, through this experiment by using discarded banner, I would like to suggest a way to solve the summere heat of the Dosshouse.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2021

Medical lasers have been widely used for various diseases. Despite the notable benefits, lasers could cause several complications such as skin burn, eye injury, airway fire, and so on. These accidents may occur not only with patients, users of the laser, or laser handlers but also to people passing in front of the laser treatment room. Although there is a risk associated with the laser, most of them can be prevented through good training, use of proper protection equipment, and ensuring the safe operation of the laser at all times. Due to the increasing use of lasers and the growing interest in their use, medical institutions should particularly emphasize the safe use of lasers and introduce systems for laser safety.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of pinus rigida specimens treated with methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid $M^{n+}$ ($PIPEABPM^{n+}$)s and methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP). Pinus rigida Plates were painted in three times with 15 wt% $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ and PIPEABP solutions at the room temperature respectively. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ showed the lower speed to peak mass loss rate ($MLR_{peak}$), (0.104~0.121) g/s than that of PIPEABP plate. In adition, the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ showed both the lower total smoke release rate (TSRR), (224.4~484.0) $m^2/m^2$ and $CO_{mean}$ production (0.0537~0.0628) kg/kg than those of PIPEAB plate. Especially, for the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ by reducing the smoke production rate except 2nd-smoke production rate (2nd-SPR), (0.0254~0.02270) g/s treated with $PIPEABPNi^{2+}$, 2nd-SPR (0.0117~0.0146) g/s was lower than that of PIPEABP plate. Thus, It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ in the virgin plate.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

This study was performed to test the production of combustion toxic gases by Pinus rigida specimens treated with various types of methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid $M^{n+}$ ($PIPEABPM^{n+}$) and methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP). Three coats of 15 wt% $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ and PIPEABP solutions were applied to plates of Pinus rigida at room temperature. After drying the treated specimens, the production of combustion toxic gases was examined using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). The specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ showed lower carbon monoxide production ($CO_{2\;peak}$; 0.0136~0.0178% at 532~678 s) than the PIPEABP plates, except for the specimen treated with $PIPEABPFe^{3+}$. In addition, the peak carbon dioxide production ($CO_{2\;peak}$) was lower (0.03648~0.3648% at 373~433 s) than that of the PIPEABP-treated plate. Notably, oxygen production was much higher than 15%, which can be fatal to humans. Therefore, the resulting risk could be eliminated. The results indicate that the combustion toxicities were partially decreased due to treatment of the virgin plate with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) specimens treated with piperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP), methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MPIPEABP), and N,N-dimethylethylenediaminomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MDEDAP). MDF Plates were painted in three times with 15 wt% solution of the alkylenediaminoalkyl-bis-phosphonic acids at the room temperature, respectively. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the specimens treated with chemicals showed the later time to peak mass loss rate ($TMLR_{peak}$) = (340475) s than that of virgin plate by reducing the burning rate. In adition, the specimens treated with chemicals showed the higher $CO_{mean}$ production (0.0883~0.0963) kg/kg than that of virgin plate. Especially, the specimens treated with chemicals showed the higher mean smoke extinction area ($SEA_{mean}$) ($5m^2/kg{\sim}21.5m^2/kg$) than that of virgin plate. Thus, It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated alkylenediaminoalkyl-bis-phosphonic acids in the virgin MDF Plate. However, It gave a negative effect on smoke reduction.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.70-76
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• 2013

Four kinds of new piperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid $M^{n+}$ ($PIPEABPM^{n+}$) were synthesized and their combustive properties of Pinus rigida plates treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ were tested. Pinus rigida specimens were painted in three times with 15 wt% $PIPEABPM^{n+}$solutions at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, com-bustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). As a result, the combustion-retardation proper-ties were increased by due to the treated $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ solutions in the virgin pinus rigida. Especially, the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ showed both the lower peak heat release rate ($HRR_{peak}$) (162.02~145.36) s and total heat release rate (THRR) (73.0~67.4) $MJ/m^2$ than those of virgin piperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP)-plate. Compared with virgin PIPEABP-plate, the specimens treated with the $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ showed low combustive properties. However the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ showed both the shorter time to ignition (TTI) (67~23) s and the time to flameout (Tf) (472~433) s than those of virgin PIPEABP-plate by increasing the thermal conductivity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2004

An important characteristics during fire growth is the phenomena of flashover, which is the transition from the local combustion to the full-room fire. The aim of this study is to predict the flashover times, the ignition times and HRR(heat release rate) of flashover for building interior materials. By using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the flashover time, the ignition time and the HRR of building interior materials are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated flashover times were 38.74sec and 51.24sec respectively, and the correlation coefficient was 0.975. The A.A.P.E and the A.A.D of the reported and the calculated ignition times were 10.96sec and 1.97sec, and the correlation coefficient was 0.962. Also the A.A.P.E and the A.A.D. of the reported and the calculated the HRR of flashover by means of times were 29.92 and 514, and the correlation coefficient was 0.830. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed equations will support the use of the research for other building interior materials.