• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.207-221
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• 2002

This study examined the characteristics of the steady date and the influences of family of origin factors and anxiety on the romantic relationship among the unmarried men of early adulthood. Ninety men dating for more than 2 months responded the questionnaire regarding differentiation of family of origin, parents' marital intimacy, trait anxiety, couple intimacy, couple individuation, and the demographic questions. Using SPSS Win 10.0, ANOVA and regression were conducted. The results found that: 1)‘methods of introduction’ ‘frequency of dating per week’ and ‘military duty’ were significantly related to the couple intimacy; 2) the men's age was negatively related to the couple intimacy and positively related to the couple individuation; 3) differentiation of family of origin affected men's anxiety which in turn affected the couple intimacy. In couclusion, summary and the implication of this study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.83-100
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine pathways from parent attachment to adolescent life satisfaction and to determine the mediating roles of peer attachment and romantic relationships. Methods: The participants were 221 high-school students (117 boys and 104 girls) living in Jeonnam province who had been in a romantic relationship for more than 3 months. The data were analyzed by t -tests, Pearson correlations, and SEM using SPSS 19.0 and Amos 18.0. Results: Based on the research objective, 4 important results were summarized. First, father attachment and mother attachment had direct effects on adolescent life satisfaction. Second, mother attachment had an indirect effect on adolescent life satisfaction through peer attachment. Third, father attachment had an indirect effect on adolescent life satisfaction through romantic relationships. Fourth, mother attachment had an indirect effect on adolescent life satisfaction through peer attachment and romantic relationships. Conclusion: The results from this study highlight the significant roles of parent attachment, peer attachment, and romantic relationships in adolescent life satisfaction. Specifically, the roles of father attachment and of romantic relationships in adolescent life satisfaction, which have seldom been explored in previous studies, should be emphasized. The findings can be used as an important basis for prospective research and practices for improving adolescent life satisfaction.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.231-248
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• 2018

This was explorative study to exam whether the moderating effects of emotional expressiveness on the relationship between social anxiety and intimacy in romantic relationship were with classificaton of emotional type(positive, negative) and gender(male, female). Data of 270 students were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results were as follow. First, In case of male, positive emotional expressiveness had moderating effect between social anxiety and intimacy in romantic relationship, though negative emotional expressiveness had not. Second, In case of female, negative emotional expressiveness had moderating effect between social anxiety and intimacy in romantic relationship, though positive emotional expressiveness had not. The meaning of results, implications of results, and suggestions for following researches were discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.119-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent styles of attachment across four major attachment figures (i.e., father, mother, best friend, and romantic partner) for Korean emerging adults. In this study, adult attachment had two dimensions (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) and was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS). Data came from 317 undergraduate students in nine universities across the nation. A latent profile analysis classified the sample into four groups. (a) The "somewhat father avoidant secure" group reported the lowest levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance across close relationships but was moderately avoidant in their relationship with the father. (b) The "overall avoidant" group had the highest levels of attachment avoidance across close relationships, but along with the "father avoidant secure" group, they had the lowest levels of attachment anxiety. (c) The "romantic anxious" group was unique with the highest level of attachment anxiety toward romantic partners while reporting relatively lower levels of attachment avoidance across relationships. (d) The "overall anxious-avoidant" group was the highest in attachment anxiety and avoidance across all of their close relationships except for attachment avoidance from best friends and romantic partners, which were the highest among the "overall avoidant" group. These four groups also differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and affection for the father and the mother. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by identifying the latent attachment styles considering four attachment figures and examining the characteristics of these attachment styles.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.627-659
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• 2022

This study aimed to translate and validate the Positive and Negative Ex-Relationship Thoughts (PANERT), a scale measuring the positive and negative valence of thoughts about past relationships in early adulthood. For this purpose, PANERT was translated into Korean and the study surveyed on 337 single male and female adults in their 20. Then, the gender difference between major variables was analyzed. After going through item analysis, all twelve original items were used to construct the Korean version of PANERT. The confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) supported the two factors structure of the Korean version of PANERT: positive vs, negative thought content valence. Also, the reliability coefficients of each two factors were all satisfactory. As a result of a correlation analysis, the criterion-related validity of the two sub-factors was good with other related scales(Intrusive rumination scale of K-ERRI, K-DASS-21-D, and K-PANAS-Revised) except for changes of self-perception. Finally, the research model was built to examine the mediating effect of two affect responses(positive and negative) in the relationship between two thought content valences and depression. In this process, the convergence and discriminant validity of the Korean version of PANERT were confirmed and the indirect effect was also confirmed in the structural equation model. In conclusion, the Korean version of PANERT consists of two factors and twelve items in total. Also, it is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the thought content valences in the romantic relationship breakup experience of early adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.884-896
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• 2018

This study investigates coping strategies of overweight or underweight males in Korea. For this purpose, the authors identify types of stress related to weight management. A qualitative method was utilized to collect the data related to successful weight management experiences of males aged 20-37 years. Data were analyzed based on a motivation theory of coping, which suggests coping strategy elements. The results of this study identified the stress related to weight: dissatisfaction with appearance, others' disapproval of appearance, health problems, weaker athletic ability, negative self-perception, passiveness about appearance, lower romantic attractiveness, others' disapproval of lower romantic attractiveness, weakened task execution capability, and negative stereo-types about task execution capability. In addition, six coping strategies were suggested: improved appearance, improved physical function, improved positive self-perception, more choices to improve appearance, enhanced romantic relationship, and enhanced job performance. This study shows that weight problems in modern society are diverse and complex. Therefore a man who has abnormal weight needs to clarify his stress first and then proposes strategies that are appropriate for each type of stress.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate resource transfer for baby boomers' adult children and related factors pertaining to baby boomers' later-life preparation. This study was conducted in 2016 using written questionnaires completed by 405 baby boomers residing in Seoul and metropolitan cities in South Korea. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and the following statistical methods: frequency, percentiles, the mean, standard deviation, a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. Baby boomers' average level of later-life preparation was found to be 3.45/5, a relatively rational score. Baby boomers tended to transfer more resource from their adult children when they had many adult children, were more satisfied with their romantic relationship. Baby boomers' level of later-life preparation was higher when there was lesser resource transfer of their adult children. The greatest influential variables pertaining to the respondents' later-life preparation were their family's income, children's marital status, satisfaction with their romantic relationship, and level of transfer from their adult children. It was concluded that baby boomers have insufficient later-life preparation in terms of finances due to their need to support their adult children; thus, nation-wide practical programs are needed to prepare baby boomers for a happy life.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.395-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of parent-child relationship perceived by university students on value of marriage and partner selection criteria. Questionnaires were distributed to 467 university students with questions covering topics including general personal information and characteristics, parent-child relationship, value of marriage and partner selection criteria. To analysis the data, t-test, ANOVA, and two step cluster analysis was used. The female group A with passive parent-child relationship had high level of negative value of marriage, male group D with active parent-child relationship had high level of romantic and instrumental value of marriage. The male and female passive group considered external condition as a partner selection criteria more than male and female active group does. As a partner selection criteria, passive male group recognized internal condition more than passive and active female group does. and active female group recognized situational condition more than passive male group does. This study reveals that university students' parent-child relationship does have an effect on their value of marriage and partner selection criteria. It is therefore proposed that diversify objectives and education content of family life education should relate not only to individuals' value of marriage but also to their parent-child relationship.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Various current events provide evidence that society is undergoing changes in perceptions of social relationships. Specifically, visual media in the form of advertisements can convey images which reflect society's values and concepts about role relationships. The purpose of this research was to examine ads in fashion magazines to determine what types of model roles and role relationships typically appear in fashion advertising which can mirror society's values. A content analysis was conducted of ads obtained from US Vogue and US GQ for the year 2002. Six kinds of roles/relationships were found: (1) Narcissism (representing self absorption), (2) sexually enticing opposite-sex relationships, (3) close/romantic same-sex relationships, (4) friend relationships, (5) family relationships, and (6) independent relationships. Of these, narcissism predominated, however, a small number of sexually provocative ads appeared as well as same-sex romantic relationships. Because sole (single) models were more typical, they also were examined to determine ways in which they relate to the audience. Characteristics examined included body presentation & pose, eye gaze, and facial expression. Direct eye gaze was the typical way to engage the audience. Gender differences were apparent: smiling was more typical of women, indifference for men. The symbolic meaning and values investigated from this research are the blurring of gender identity portrayed in homosexual imagery, family values, and the value of youth. The consistency of models' race in ads does not portray the diversity reflected in the demographic census.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.1 s.91
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to understand how 19th Century's romanticism fashion is expressed in modern fashion and to investigate their relationship. The materials for study of Post-modern fashion after the 1990s are collected and analyzed from ${\ulcorner}Gap\;Collections{\lrcorner}$. The characteristics of romanticism such as sensuality, ornamentation, exoticism and mingler, which were demonstrated in the previous study, are analyzed as follows in the modern fashion. ${\cdot}$Sensuality was represented by exaggerating the human body with silhouette of past romantic fashion, making the human body mysterious with see-through material including romantic patterns and ornaments, and emphasizing human body line using thin drape-like materials. ${\cdot}$Ornamentation was created by combining skills brought from the past with newly developed techniques and materials so that it provides gorgeousness. ${\cdot}$Exoticism was expressed in more diverse exotic patterns, colors, accessories and details because of accelerated internationalization. ${\cdot}$Mingler was achieved by using materials which does not seem to be suitable for romanticism, and mixing of contrastive or heterogeneous patterns and materials. It was caused by the scientific development and trend of respecting diversity. Romanticism increases the diversity and possibility of new point of views in fashion, It also shows the desires to seek inner peace adopting images of different periods and culture.