• 대한수학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2007

A pair of pants $\sum(0,\;3)$ is a building block of oriented surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to determine the discrete conditions for the holonomy group $\pi$ of hyperbolic structure of a pair of pants. For this goal, we classify the relations between the locations of principal lines and entries of hyperbolic matrices in $\mathbf{PSL}(2,\;\mathbb{R})$. In the level of the matrix group $\mathbf{SL}(2,\;\mathbb{R})$, we will show that the signs of traces of hyperbolic elements playa very important role to determine the discreteness of holonomy group of a pair of pants.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to review Norberg-Schulz's architectural phenomenology to find out its meaning and limitations in contemporary architecture. His phenomenological trilogy, 'Existence, Space and Architecture', 'Genius Loci' and 'The Concept of Dwelling' are main texts to examine background, characteristics, meaning and limitations of his theory in relation to Structuralism and Heidegger's thoughts. Heidegger's phenomenology, especially his dwelling concept, had great impacts on forming Norberg-Schulz's architectural phenomenology. However, since his architectural phenomenology was strongly influenced by Structuralism, his theories present unstable combination of phenomenology and semiotics. And this results in instrumentalization, and overlooking body movement and socio-economical elements in his theory. In spite of these limitations, his theory also shows possibility to go beyond the theory of Modern architecture and plays important role in suggesting direction for better environment through applicability from single building to city in Postmodern architecture. Another meaning of his theory lies in presenting theoretical background for new way to interpret regionalism and specific policy tool to make town planning in Finland.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

This paper offers new ways to learn about popular places in the city. Using locational data from Social Media platforms platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, along with participatory field visits and combining insights from architecture and urban design literature, this study reveals popular socio-spatial clusters in the City of Chicago. Locational data of photographs were visualized by using Geographic Information Systems and helped in producing heat maps that showed the spatial distribution of posted photographs. Geo-intensity of photographs illustrated areas that are most popularly visited in the city. The study's results indicate that the city's skyscrapers along open spaces are major elements of image formation. Findings also elucidate that Social Media plays an important role in promoting places; and thereby, sustaining a greater interest and stream of visitors. Consequently, planners should tap into public's digital engagement in city places to improve tourism and economy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.1792-1797
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• 2020

The shielding characteristics of two concrete blocks, widely used in the building industry in Mexico have been determined. These characteristics include the mass interaction coefficients, the linear attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers. The energy-dispersed X-ray fluorescence shows that the percentage mass content of each atom in the sample, and the atomic volume of the constituent elements of a material, plays an important role in its shielding capabilities. The total linear attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers were analyzed for a set of photon energies related to X-rays for diagnosis and cancer treatment with linear accelerators. Our results show that the concrete blocks have similar photon attenuation coefficients than the Portland concrete and better features than gypsum.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2013

본 연구는 서민의 삶과 문화가 담긴 이태원 부군당 마을 숲의 변천 과정과 변형 전 모습을 기록하여 서민 생활문화 공간을 재조명하고자 했다. 이에 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이태원 부군당은 마을 숲의 중심건물로 가장 높은 곳에 입지하며, 이중의 담장과 금기사항으로 보존되어 왔다. 마을 숲의 물리적 요소는 부군당의 신성성을 부여하는 요소로 작용했다. 둘째, 이태원 부군당 마을 숲은 도심지 내 녹지의 역할과 남산에서 용산가족공원을 잇는 연결 녹지로서 역할을 담당한다. 더불어 비오톱 1등급 지역으로 절대 보존지역에 해당하는 생태적 가치를 지녔다. 셋째, 마을 숲 내 대경목인 느티나무와 음나무는 서울시 보호수로 지정하여 보존할 가치를 지녔다. 넷째, 부군당 건물은 한식목구조 형태로 이질적인 재료가 결합되어 건축되었다. 건축사적 희소성과 구조적 특징으로 등록문화재로 등록할 수 있는 가치를 갖추고 있다. 다섯째, 이태원 부군당에서 전해져 내려오는 당과 당제는 사라져가는 전통문화로서 가치를 지니며, 자생적인 전통 커뮤니티 발굴로도 의미를 지닌다. 이처럼 이태원 부군당 마을 숲은 지역의 전통조경 대상지로서 사라져가는 전통문화를 이어주며 오늘날 새로운 마을 공동체의 공간으로 재생되었을 때 지역의 커뮤니티 공간 및 도시경관 요소로서 잠재적 가치가 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한 부군당 건물의 경우 건축적으로도 시사하는 바가 크다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between panoramic perception and space organization for restoration of urban environment and architecture. Panorama is a collective visual catalogue composed by series of perspective images. It is a product from continuous movements of viewer by defamilarizing real image and structuring order between city and building. Through understanding the panoramic image, the viewer is able to achieve the total image of the city. For example, achieving visual perception of the city by employing the panoramic view from different historical backgrounds and cultures, Berlin developed its urban characteristic by rebuilding panoramic view as an aesthetic device. First, this paper mention theory of panorama as an aesthetic device for shaping the city from the building. Second, this paper analyze the relationships between characteristics of panorama and historical contexts for why those panoramic views are valuable by mentioning the Altes Museum, the Berlin National Gallery, Museum of Modern Literature, and Folkwang Museum of panoramic view. In conclusion, this paper argues that visual perception such as panoramic view is the valuable device for organizing the image of the city's own identity. Constructing vision of each city influences not only shaping the city but also mapping the mental views of the building. Also, historical conditions and open spaces are one of the inherent elements combined with panoramic view for establishing urban identity. In search for good place making, it is important to understand the role of the historical context and fabric plan in shaping how a resident sees - literally, sees- their city with buildings. Berlin serve as excellent counter example in how the valuable place making panoramic mental views of urbanities take shape.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Post Occupancy Evaluation(POE) has a good role to improve or adapt the design items through the survey or interview of the resident. Among buildings, the university dormitory provides the living function to support the study in the university. Therefore, it needs to find the design elements and improve the living and study condition for residents. In this paper. it aimed at conducting the POE in university women dormitory for women and providing the building and design items for the next improvement. In addition, it aimed at analyzing the relation between the building satisfaction and the affecting factors, dividing the building into 8 spatial area such as room, entrance area, toilet and etc.. For these, data are surveyed the women dormitory located in the north area of Kyungsangbuk-Do and collected the 683 samples. This study shows some results ; First, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Second, the freshman has a good score more than any other grade, which probably affect the period of the experience and exposure in university. In addition, residents get affect from the finishings, furniture and inconvenience. Third, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Fourth, the satisfaction degree is affected by each size more than any other components in 8 spatial areas. Especially, the number of laundry machine is important factor for satisfaction. Second, the overall satisfaction is affected by room size higher than any other factors.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

본 연구는 고종 연간 경복궁 후원의 북쪽에 조성된 오운각 권역의 특성과 창덕궁 후원 옥류천에 구비되어 있던 기능적 요소가 경복궁 후원으로 치환되었던 양상을 고찰한 것이다. 오운각 권역은 샘과 천하제일복지 각자가 있던 기존의 공간을 활용하여 왕의사적인 공간으로 정비된 공간이었다. 고종은 오랫동안 창덕궁 옥류천이 담당했던 왕실의 휴식과 위락기능을 중건 경복궁에 그대로 옮기려 하였다. 그 결과, 옥류천과 유사한 기능을 하도록 조성된 오운각 권역이 후원의 별원으로 개발되었다. 양자 간에는 후원의 최북단에 조성된 입지 외에도, 건물의 구성 및 유배거의 기능을 했던 것으로 추정되는 관상용 수경설계 등에서 공통점이 발견되었다. 오운각 권역은 옥련정, 오운각, 벽화실과 천하제일복지천의 수경시설로 구성되었다. 이중에서 벽화실을 제외한 나머지는 모두 옥류천과 직간접적인 관련성을 갖되, 지형의 굴곡, 경사, 수계의 상황 등 주어진 입지조건에 따라 조성되어 색다른 정감을 갖는 공간으로 개발되었다. 먼저, 옥련정은 남산에 이르는 서울의 경관을 조망하기 위해 높은 언덕에 입지하였고, 천하제일복지천의 독특한 형식의 수로는 위이암의 유배거의 기능을 모방한 형태로 추정된다. 한편 오운각은 옥류천의 농산정과 같이 주거가 가능한 집으로 조영된 것이었다. 이러한 구성요소는 다분히 옥류천의 기능과 위상을 경복궁에 치환하기 위한 조성목적을 표출하고 있으며, 이러한 점은 조선시대 궁궐 후원의 기능 공간이었던 별원의 특성을 잘 대변하는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2012

Although evolution of construction materials brought about development of modern architecture, they caused destruction of the environment and pollution. This problem is not a new one in terms of ecological esthetics and materials of sustainable architecture in light of the Eastern view of nature and this idea became a background of this study. The basic concept is to try to find out their characteristics from a perspective of ecological esthetics in relation to traditional building materials that nature, architecture, and humans coexist and live with each other to balance. Based on ecological esthetics and precedent studies on materials of traditional architecture, we investigated connections, expressive methods and characteristics in traditional residential construction space. This attempt has meanings in that it can propose a new framework of forming various viewpoints and spatial perceptions in relation to esthetics and traditional construction materials. The current study examined the characteristics by dividing them into tangible and intangible elements based on expressive features of elements of nature. The characteristics found by this process are not simply notion of physical materials, but plays a key role aesthetically and ecologically. Nature and materials take circulation of the law of nature, regulate energy, increase efficiency and play a major role in an economic way. Nature in itself becomes natural alternative energy, and plays its role in an invisible fashion. It examined how expressive characteristics of construction materials are reflected through analyzing residential space and Korean traditional garden having relationships with Eastern viewpoint of nature in relation to Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics. Findings of the above study indicate that expressive characteristics of Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics are that nature, space, humans coexist and live together and they will provide a clue to an alternative to solve ecological and environmental problems modern society will have in the future. Through this process, it provided a possibility that traditional space and materials can be succeeded in creative and new ways, and it found out the way for nature, space, and humans to coexist and a possibility of ecological esthetics. It addition, it will provide a key base as an alternative of sustainable design of the future.