• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.989-997
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• 2014

AMFR, autocrine motility factor receptor, also called gp78, is a cell surface cytokine receptor which has a dual role as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. AMFR expression is associated with tumor malignancy. We here investigated the clinical significance of AMFR and its role in metastasis and prognosis in gastric cancer. Expression of AMFR, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in cancer tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues from 122 gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing surgical resection was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Levels of these molecules in 17 cases selected randomly were also analysed by Western blotting. AMFR expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, and associated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed AMFR expression correlated with poor overall survival and an increased risk of recurrence in the GC cases. Cox regression analysis suggested AMFR to be an independent predictor for overall and recurrence-free survival. E-cadherin expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues; conversely, N-cadherin was increased. Expression of AMFR negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression, whereas N-cadherin expression showed a significant positive correlation with AMFR expression. AMFR might be involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with aberrant expression correlating with a poor prognosis and promoting invasion and metastasis in GCs.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

Army NCO roles and responsibilities in conjunction with the Defense Reform 2020 plan to perform a pivotal role in the bag the past tradition inherited bag and development, transition the mission commander helpers battle conductor, mainly functional experts, management experts from the bag to show PowerIt has a pivotal role as a transition. It embodies the director and the military organization of work within the scope of the statutes and rules, such as planning and implementation as the core of the Power which is most frontline officers, the NCO instructions and control through education and functional personnel to maintain the best Power will. Propose the measures that can be overcome by considering the importance of key personnel, operating personnel NCO in the military organization and analysis of the issues, the problem of the NCO system. The social awareness to be able to build a system to obtain a stable workforce through effective operations for changes in the revival, especially in the Department College of NCO activated mutual development challenges were present.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.376-387
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• 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the communication between cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of tumor-derived EVs on the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be explored. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-153-3p-EVs in the invasion and migration capabilities of LUAD cells and explore its mechanism through in vivo and in vitro experiments. We found that miR-153-3p was specifically and highly expressed in LUAD and its secreted EVs. Furthermore, the expression of BANCR was negatively regulated by miR-153-3p and identified as a target gene of miR-153-3p using luciferase reporter assays. Through further investigation, we found that the downregulation of BANCR activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and accelerates the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which ultimately leads to the aggravation of LUAD. The orthotopic xenograft mouse model was established to illustrate the effect of miR-153-3p-EVs on LUAD. Animal studies showed that miR-153-3p-EVs accelerated tumor growth in mice. Besides, we found that miR-153-3p-EVs could damage the respiratory ability of mice and produce a mass of inflammatory cells around the lung tissue of mice. Nevertheless, antagomir-153-3p treatment could inhibit the deterioration of respiratory function and inhibit the growth of lung tumors in mice. In conclusion, our study reveals the potential molecular mechanism of miR-153-3p-EVs in the development of LUAD and provides a potential strategy for the treatment of LUAD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

Clotrimazole (CLT), a potent antifungal drug, is known to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. In the present study, we examined the role of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in CLT-induced cell cycle arrest of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. CLT inhibited growth of HT29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G(1)-S phase transition and an increase in the expression of cell cycle inhibitor proteins p27 and p53. CLT also suppressed the $Ca^{2+}$ overload by A23187, a calcium ionophore, suggesting its role in modulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in HT29 cells. The simultaneous application of CLT and A23187 with addition of $CaCl_2$ (1mM) to the medium significantly reversed CLT-induced p27 and p53 protein level increase and growth suppression. Our results suggest that CLT induces cell cycle arrest of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells via induction of p27 and p53, which may, at least in part, be mediated by alteration of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.132-154
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• 2021

A mega sport event as the globalization phenomenon is not only the symbol of the process of modernization but also the vehicle to upgrade global power and hold a dominant position in the world competition under the post-industrial era. This study notifies the role of mega sport events as a strategy for urban innovation in the context of global and local. Comparing the different roles of mega sport events between developing countries and developed countries, we intend to answer two questions: 1) what explains the nature and role of mega sport event, and 2) what are the major evidences of the transition in the globalization era. The conceptual framework, based on the temporal and spatial perspective, provides the mechanism through which the strategy for urban innovation has been changed from 'motivation for modernization' to 'rethinking of localization.' Focusing on the case of Seoul, we also compare major issues between two phases: role of agent, urban form, and urban development. Finally, this study sheds light on the concept of 'glocalization' which means the convergence of globalization and localization; and suggests the roles of (local) agent for hosting mega sport events.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.376-378
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• 2002

Role of cl$^{[-10]}$ in photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex was studied by light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. cl$^{[-10]}$ depletion resulted in the suppression of amide I and amide II IR modes upon S$_1$ to S$_2$ transition. Br$^{[-10]}$ , 1$^{[-10]}$ and N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ substituted FTIR difference spectra were very similar to that in cl$^{[-10]}$ reconstitution. F$^{[-10]}$ and $CH_3$COO$^{[-10]}$ substituted spectra were largely distorted. We succeeded in detecting the structural change of N0$_3$ $^{[-10]}$ in the cl$^{[-10]}$ site upon the S$_1$ to S$_2$ transition from $^{14}$ N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ /$^{15}$ N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ difference spectrum.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.208-219
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• 2012

As the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has kept increasing, the management of ELV has also become one of the academic research focuses and European Union recently adopted the directive on ELVs. For the stakeholders has become a principle agent of dealing with all about ELVs, it is relevant investment decision to set up and to decide high-cost ELVs entity locations and to forecast future ELVs' amount in advance. In this paper, transition probability matrixes between months are made by using Markov Chain and the number of ELVs is predicted with them. This study will perform a great role as a fundamental material in Korea where just started having interests about recycling resources and studies related to the topic. Moreover, the forecasting method developed for this research can be adopted for other enhancements in different but comparable situations.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1996

This study deals with the development of wire path searching module as a part of automobile wire harness design system. Wire path searching module manages the free space, finds transition locations, and creates bundle paths to dramatically reduce a tedious iterative routing process which results in easy optimization of the bundle paths. A prime policy in the system configuration is to compromise between man's and computer's ability, and make it possible a designer's leading role in designing process. Human input is indispensable to cope with the special cases which were not considered in the initial design stage of the system. In this study, we improve the previous shortest-path-finding algorithm, (VGraph and RCA method) into a new method called Extended RCA. Bundles, connectors and transitions are handled as objects so one can manage and modify physical properties of the objects easily. Therefore a verification is allowed at any desired stage of design. The reuse of previous result is facilitated by using Dependency Structure, which represents the mutual relations among connectors, transitions, and bundles. Dependency Structure makes it possible the elimination of redundant calculating process, and consequently shorter routing time.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

When the cylindrical wave is incident on a plane dielectric interface from a denser medium to a rarer one, the asymptotic solution for the transmitted wave in the near region is different from the one in the far region. In this paper, we have derived a novel uniform asymptotic solution represented by using the parabolic cylinder function for the transmitted and scattered waves observed in the rarer medium when the cylindrical wave is incident on the plane dielectric interface from the denser medium. The validity of the uniform asymptotic solution has been confirmed by comparing with the reference solution calculated numerically. It has been clarified that the transition wave plays an important role to connect smoothly the asymptotic solution in the near region to the one in the far region through the transition region. We have shown the very interesting phenomenon that the lateral wave type transmitted wave is observed in the far and shallow region.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

In organic chemistry amide synthesis is performed through condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine with releasing one equivalent of water via the corresponding ammonium carboxylate salt. This method is suffering from tedious processes and poor atom-economy due to the adverse thermodynamics of the equilibrium and the high activation barrier for direct coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Most of the chemical approaches to amides formations have been therefore being developed, they are mainly focused on secondary amides. Direct carbonylations of tertiary amines to amides have been an exotic field unresolved, in particular direct carbonylation of trimethylamine in lack of commercial need has been attracted much interests due to the versatile product of N,N-dimethylacetamide in chemical industries and the activation of robust N-C($sp^3$) bond in tertiary amine academically. This review is focused mainly on carbonylation of trimethylamine as one of the typical tertiary amines by transition metals of cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and palladium including the role of methyl iodide as a promoter, the intermediate formation of acyl iodide, the coordination ability of trimethylamine to transition metal catalysts, and any possibility of CO insertion into the bond of Me-N in trimethylamine. In addition reactions of acyl halides as an activated form of acetic acid with amines are reviewed in brief since acyl iodide is suggested as a critical intermediate in those carbonylations of trimethylamine.