• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2022

The mobile device industry demands much higher levels of integration and lower costs coupled with a growing awareness of the complete system's configuration. A subsystem module package is similar to a board-level circuit that integrates a system function in a package beyond a System-in-Package (SiP) design. It is an advanced IC packaging solution to enhance the PDN and achieve a smaller form factor. Unlike a system-level design with a decoupling capacitor, a subsystem module package system needs to redefine the role of the capacitor and its configuration for PDN performance. Specifically, the design of package's form factor should include careful consideration of optimal PDN performance and the number of components, which need to define the decoupling capacitor's value and the placement strategy for a low impedance profile with associated cost benefits. This paper will focus on both the static case that addresses the voltage (IR) drop and AC analysis in the frequency domain with three specific topics. First, it will highlight the role of simulation in the subsystem module design for the PDN. Second, it will compare the performance of double-sided component placement (DSCP) motherboards with the subsystem module package and then prove the advantage of the subsystem module package. Finally, it will introduce three-terminal decoupling capacitor (decap) configurations of capacitor size, count and value for the subsystem module package to determine the optimum performance and package density based on the cost-effective model.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2022

The objective of this article is to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation on Corporate Brand Value (CBV) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). At the same time, the article examines the mediated role of CBV on the relationship between CSR implementation and CFP. In-depth interviews and observation techniques were used in this article on 4 experts to collect qualitative information. Quantitative analysis was based on primary data obtained from 454 employees working at enterprises providing Bancassurance services. The article uses various models of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Analysis (SEM) using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 software. In addition, a 5-point Likert scale is used to measure observed variables. Research results show that CBV plays an intermediate role in the relationship between CSR implementation and CFP. At the same time, the implementation of CSR toward communities, customers, and workers directly impacts CBV and CFP. The article draws a new conclusion; there is no relationship found between the implementation of CSR and CFP. The result proposes implications for the state and Bancassurance service providers to develop and implement CSR-related policies and activities to enhance their brand value and financial performance.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study verified the influence of teachers' job characteristics on empowerment and job performance, and the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between job characteristics factors and job performance. Research design, data, and methodology: As a factor influencing human resources that influence organizational success or failure, job characteristics induce an important psychological state in organizational members, which affects individual motivation and job satisfaction, thereby achieving the goal of securing stable management and job security. In this study, a questionnaire survey of private academy instructors was conducted and reliability and factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used. Results: The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of the job characteristics of academy instructors on empowerment and job performance, and to verify whether empowerment plays a mediating role in the relationship between job characteristics and job performance. Conclusions: As a result of verifying Hypothesis 1, the educational environment, expertise, and social support of academy instructors all had a significant positive (+) effect on job performance. As a result of the verification of Hypothesis 2, empowerment greatly mediated the relationship between the educational environment, expertise, and job performance. However, empowerment did not mediate the relationship between social support for academy instructors and job performance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.570-575
• /
• 2022

Stress breaks body balance, which can cause diverse physiological disorders and worsen preexisting diseases. However, recent studies have reported that controllable stress and overcoming from stress reinforce resilience to resist against more intense stress afterwards. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of corticosterone (CORT), a representative stress hormone against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced neuronal cell death and its underlying molecular mechanism in SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line. The decreased cell viability by H₂O₂ was effectively restored by the pretreatment with low concentration of CORT (0.03 μM for 72 h) in the cells. H₂O₂-increased expression of apoptotic markers such as PUMA and Bim was decreased by CORT pretreatment. Furthermore, pretreatment of CORT attenuated H₂O₂-mediated oxidative damages by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings suggest that low concentration of CORT with eustressed condition enhances intracellular self-defense against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative cell death, suggesting a role of low concentration of CORT as one of key molecules for resilience and neuronal cell survival.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.267-282
• /
• 2000

Cytochrome P45O (CYP) 2E1 catalyzes the metabolism of a wide variety of therapeutic agents, procarcinogens, and low molecular weight solvents. CYP2E1-catalyzed metabolism may cause toxicity or DNA damage through the production of toxic metabolites, oxygen radicals, and lipid peroxidation. CYP2E1 also plays a role in the metabolism of endogenous compounds including fatty acids and ketone bodies. The regulation of CYP2E1 expression is complex, and involves transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms. CYP2E1 is transcriptionally activated in the first few hours after birth. Xenobiotic inducers elevate CYP2E1 protein levels through both increased translational efficiency and stabilization of the protein from degradation, which appears to occur primarily through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels are altered in response to pathophysiologic conditions by hormones including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and leptin, and growth factors including epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, providing evidence that CYP2E1 expression is under tight homeostatic control.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the structural linkages between social responsibility, social capital, competitive advantages, and agricultural enterprise performance in China. This research focused on the role of social capital and competitive advantages in mediating the relationship between CSR and corporate performance. 492 employees from agricultural firms in Xinjiang, China, took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess the measurement scales' reliability and validity. The associations between these four variables were investigated using structural equation modeling, and the mediating impact was tested using the Bootstrap method. Corporate social responsibility, social capital, and competitive advantage are all positively related to business performance, according to the findings. According to the results of the mediating effect test social capital and competitive advantage partially mediated the relationship between corporate social responsibility and business success. Unlike earlier research, this study focused on the impact of social responsibility on agricultural enterprise performance in impoverished rural areas. The findings of this study, in particular, benefit agricultural company management by revealing the role of social capital and competitive advantage in mediating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and business performance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.648-654
• /
• 2023

Oxidative stress-induced melanocyte apoptosis is linked to the immune system and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which is downregulated in vitiligo keratinocytes, regulates intracellular H₂O₂ accumulation. However, the role of AQP3 in oxidative stress is uncertain in vitiligo. This study investigated the effect of downregulated AQP3 on oxidative stress in vitiligo using lesional and non-lesional skin specimen sets from vitiligo patients and primary cultured adult normal human epidermal keratinocytes, with or without downregulation and overexpression of AQP3 in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ treatment. The levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and/or its main target, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), were lower in the lesional keratinocytes and cultured keratinocytes with AQP3 knockdown, but were increased in keratinocytes upon AQP3 overexpression. Ratios of NRF2 nuclear translocation and NQO-1 expression levels were further reduced in AQP3-knockdown keratinocytes following H₂O₂ treatment. The conditioned media from AQP3-knockdown keratinocytes treated with H₂O₂ contained higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the number of viable melanocytes was reduced when the conditioned media were added to the culture media. Overall, AQP3 downregulation in the keratinocytes of patients with vitiligo can induce oxidative stress in neighboring melanocytes, leading to melanocyte death.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential factors contributing to the growth and success of smart cities, providing a comprehensive analysis of key elements that are crucial in fostering the development of smart cities. This study explored the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities. Additionally, the study examined the impact of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: To collect data, this study employed an online survey conducted by a reputable research organization. Data analysis involved the use of factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: This study unveiled significant impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on the overall attitudes. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the overall attitude significantly influences the growth trajectory of smart cities. Conclusions: This study identified key driving factors for smart city development, suggesting that the consideration of sustainable urban practices emerges as the most significant factor influencing the growth of the smart cities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.615-626
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of risk factor model for the Jordanian banking stocks from 2006 to 2018. This study employs the Five-factor Fama and French's (2015) methodology and uses the annual returns of all Jordanian banks including 2 Islamic and 13 commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over a period of 13 years. The results show that the factors of value and profitability have an important role in evaluating the expected return in Jordanian banking stocks. Moreover, the value HML and profitability RMW factors provide the highest cumulative returns among these five factors, while the investment CMA and size SMB factors are still around zero cumulative returns. For the market factor, it provides the least negative cumulative returns. The results showed that the largest correlation is between value and investment factors which means that banks with a high book to market value become banks with a conservative investment strategy. The result of the sub-periods confirmed the value and profitability results. The findings of this study suggest that the five-factor Fama and French model is the choice of building an investment portfolio, especially the factors of value and profitability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.414-424
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop elderly meaning in life scale with high validity and reliability. Method: The process of development of this scale were as follows. A conceptual framework composed of 4 phases of meaning in life of elderly was identified based on the literature review and interviews with elderlies and discussion with experts in meaning in life. Total 62 items, 4-points scale were developed. Through reliability testing, factor analysis, 40 preliminary items were selected. By means of internal consistency of 40 items, 2 items whose inner-items correlation coefficient was below .30 were deleted. Through factor analysis 1 item whose factor loading was below .30 was deleted. Finally 37 items were remained. To verify 37 items, factor analysis, reliability testing, LISEREL were done. Data were collected from 320 elderly subjects in Busan-KyungNam and Jeonla Province from May to June in 2002. SPSS WIN. 10.0 Program was used. Result: The result of factor analysis of 37 items, 8 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as ‘self- awareness and self-acceptance’, ‘contentedness with life’, ‘purpose in life’, ‘love in family’, ‘role awareness’, ‘futuristic aspiration’, ‘commitment’, and ‘experience of love’. These factors included 4 phases of the meaning in life. Cronbach's Alpha of 37 items was .908 and correlation coefficient of PIL was .75. Conclusion: The researchers recommend the follows: The explorative study on the variables related to meaning in life are needed for criterion validity of this scale. The studies on meaning in life of different age groups, subjects are needed for reverification.