• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rock classification

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Applicaton of a Geomechanical Classification for Rock Slope (암반 사면에 대한 새로운 암반 분류안의 적용)

  • 김대복
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.215-227
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    • 1994
  • Rock Mass classifications have been developed in many European countries. The most widely used classification methods are the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system proposed by Bieniawski(1973) and the Q-system developed By Barton et al. (1974). These methods are also adopted at many mountain tunnels and subway sites in our country. Here, a geomechanical classification for slopeds in rock, the "Slope Mass Rating"(SMR) is presented for the preliminary assessment of slope stabiliyt. This method can be applied to excavation and support design in the front part of tunnel and cutting area as a guide line and recommendation on support methods which allow a systemmetic use of geomechanical classification for rock slopes.

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Study on Rock classification of Rock Socketed Drilled Shaft (현장타설말뚝의 암반 근입부 암판정 사례연구)

  • Park, Woan-Suh;Yoo, Jai-Hyun;Lee, Woo-Cheol;Joo, Yong-Sun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2010.09a
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    • pp.658-663
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    • 2010
  • Recently the most of deep foundation were socketed into weathered rock or soft rock to carry large foundation loads. The end bearing behavior of piles socketed in rock is generally dependent on the rock mass conditions with discontinuities and rock strength. Therefore, it is very important that the estimating rock classification with relation of TCR, RQD and unpredicted rock condition. In this study, the construction failure example of drilled shaft due to mistaking to estimate the rock classification on penetration were analyzed in site, so we hope to discuss problems of determining the rock socketed length of drilled shaft on construction.

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A study on the correlation between the result of electrical resistivity survey and the rock mass classification values determined by the tunnel face mapping (전기비저항탐사결과와 터널막장 암반분류의 상관성 검토)

  • 최재화;조철현;류동우;김학규;서백수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2003.03a
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2003
  • In this study, the rock mass classification results from the face mapping and the resistivity inversion data are compared and analyzed for the reliability investigation of the determination of the rock support type based on the surface electrical survey. To get the quantitative correlation, rock engineering indices such as RCR(rock condition rating), N(Rock mass number), Q-system based on RMR(rock mass rating) are calculated. Kriging method as a post processing technique for global optimization is used to improve its resolution. The result of correlation analysis shows that the geological condition estimated from 2D electrical resistivity survey is coincident globally with the trend of rock type except for a few local areas. The correlation between the results of 3D electrical resistivity survey and the rock mass classification turns out to be very high. It can be concluded that 3D electrical resistivity survey is powerful to set up the reliable rock support type.

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Rock Mass Classification and Its Use in Blast Design for Tunneling (암분류기법과 터널굴착을 위한 발파설계에의 활용)

  • Ryu Chang-Ha;SunWoo Choon;Choi Byung-Hee
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2006
  • Building tunnels means dealing with what rock is encountered. Relocation of the site of the underground structure is rarely possible. Tunneling engineers and miners have to cope with the quality of the rock mass as it is. Different tunneling philosophies and different rock classification methods have been developed in various countries. Most of the rock classification methods are based on the response of the rock mass to the excavation. Tunnel support requirements could be assessed analytically, supplemented by rock mass classification predictions, and verified by measurements during construction. Rock mass classifications on their own should only be used for preliminary, planning purposes and not for final tunnel support. Design of blast pattern in tunneling projects in Korea is also mostly prepared according to the general rock classification methods such as RMR or Q. They, however, do not take into account the blast performance, and as a consequence, produce poor blasting results. In this paper, the methods of general rock classification and blast design for tunnel excavation in Korea are reviewed, and efforts to develop a new classification method, reflecting the blasting performance, are presented.

Selection of Optimum Support based on Rock Mass Classification and Monitoring Results at NATM Tunnel in Hard Rock (경암지반 NATM 터널에서 암반분류 및 계측에 의한 최적지보공 선정에 관한 연구)

  • 김영근;장정범;정한중
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.197-208
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    • 1996
  • Due to the constraints in pre site-investigation for tunnel, it is essential to redesign the support structures suitable for rock mass conditions such as rock strength, ground water and discontinuity conditions for safe tunnel construction. For the selection of optimum support, it is very important to carry out the rock mass classification and in-situ measurement in tunnelling. In this paper, in a mountain tunnel designed by NATM in hard rock, the selectable system for optimum support has been studied. The tunnel is situated at Chun-an in Kyungbu highspeed railway line with 2 lanes over a length of 4, 020 m and a diameter of 15 m. The tunnel was constructed by drill & blasting method and long bench cut method, designed five types of standard support patterns according to rock mass conditions. In this tunnel, face mapping based on image processing of tunnel face and rock mass classification by RMR carried out for the quantitative evaluation of the characteristics of rock mass and compared with rock mass classes in design. Also, in-situ measurement of convergence and crown settlement conducted about 30 m interval, assessed the stability of tunnel from the analysis of monitoring data. Through the results of rock mass classification and in-situ measurement in several sections, the design of supports were modified for the safe and economic tunnelling.

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Probabilistic Q-system for rock classification considering shear wave propagation in jointed rock mass

  • Kim, Ji-Won;Chong, Song-Hun;Cho, Gye-Chun
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.449-460
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    • 2022
  • Safe underground construction in a rock mass requires adequate ground investigation and effective determination of rock conditions. The estimation of rock mass behavior is difficult, because rock masses are innately anisotropic and heterogeneous at different scales and are affected by various environmental factors. Quantitative rock mass classification systems, such as the Q-system and rock mass rating, are widely used for characterization and engineering design. The measurement of rock classification parameters is subjective and can vary among observers, resulting in questionable accuracy. Geophysical investigation methods, such as seismic surveys, have also been used for ground characterization. Torsional shear wave propagation characteristics in cylindrical rods are equal to that in an infinite media. A probabilistic quantitative relationship between the Q-value and shear wave velocity is thus investigated considering long-wavelength wave propagation in equivalent continuum jointed rock masses. Individual Q-system parameters are correlated with stress-dependent shear wave velocities in jointed rocks using experimental and numerical methods. The relationship between the Q-value and the shear wave velocity is normalized using a defined reference condition. This relationship is further improved using probabilistic analysis to remove unrealistic data and to suggest a range of Q-values for a given wave velocity. The proposed probabilistic Q-value estimation is then compared with field measurements and cross-hole seismic test data to verify its applicability.

A Suggestion of a New Rock Mass Classification System (새로운 암반분류법의 제안)

  • Kim, Min-Guon;Lee, Yeong-Saeng
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2008
  • The rock mass classification systems used in Korea are not standardized. And also the criteria values differ between agencies. So different opinions for rock mass classification can occur among engineers who participate in each design process. In this research, a new rock mass classification system was suggested to correct these problems. For this purpose, the criteria used in the Korean agencies were compared with the criteria used in foreign agencies and standard criteria were selected. Thereafter rational and objective criteria values were suggested quantitatively for the new classification system.

Rock Mass Classification of Tertiary Unconsolidated Sedimentary Rocks In Pohang Area (포항지역 신생대 제3기 미고결 퇴적층의 암반분류)

  • Kim, Sung-Wook;Choi, Eun-Kyeong;Lee, Yung-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2009.03a
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    • pp.999-1008
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    • 2009
  • A series of sedimentary rocks which are formed in the Tertiary are distributed around Samcheok(Samcheok-Pukpyoung basin), Younghae(Younghae basin), Pohang(Pohang basin), Gyeongju(Yangnam basin), Ulsan(Ulsan basin), Jeju(Seogyuipo formation) in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula. This study concerned with geological, geophysical, geotechnical properties of the unconsolidated rocks in the Pohang area. A consolidated rocks are classified as hard rock - soft rock - weathered rock - residual soil follows in degree of weathering. But unconsolidated rocks has soil properties as well as rock's at the same time. The results of field excursion, boring, borehole-logging, rock testing, geophysical survey, laboratory test are soft rock range, but the durability of the rock until the residual soil from the weathered rock. We accomplished the rock mass classification of the unconsolidated rocks.

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A Study on the Support Design for Underground Excavation Based on the Rock-Support Interaction Analysis (암반-지보 거동분석에 의거한 지하굴착 지보설계에 관한 연구)

  • 김혁진;조태진;김남연
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1997
  • Engineering rock mass classification is extensively used to determine the reasonable support system throughout the tunneling process in the field. Selection of support system based on the results of engineering rock mass classification is simple and straight-forward. However, this method cannot consider the effect of in-situ stresses, mechanical properties of support material, and support installation time on the behavior or rock-support system To handle the various conditions encountered in the underground excavation sites rock-support system. To handle the various conditions encountered in th eunderground excavation sites rock-support interaction program has been developed. This program can analyze the interaction between rock mass and support materials and also can simulate the tunnel excavation-support insstallation process by controlling the support installation time and the stiffness of support system. Practical applicability of this program was verfied by comparing the results of support design to those from rock mass classification for virtual underground excavation at the drilling site KD-06 in Geoje island.

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A Study on Rock Mass Classification in Quartzite Rock Bed with Consideration of Joint Frequency (절리빈도를 고려한 규암 암반에서의 합리적인 암판정 연구)

  • Lee, Su-Gon;Kim, Min-Sung;Lee, Kyung-Soo;Lee, Chi-Hong
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.17 no.2 s.67
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2007
  • Generally, the method used most widely for rock mass classification is considering the rock strength and development of joint frequency. However, if rock bed has micro-crack and long joint, this method is not rational. Therefore, the difficulties of excavation in the rock bed with complicated geological condition are decided by combining joint frequency. indoor tests (uniaxiall compressive strength, point load test, indoor elastic wave velocity, etc.) and field seismic refraction survey, and the rock mass classification should be implemented by considering their interrelationship.