• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2023

본 연구는 경북 일대 산지 아까시나무림의 자연성 회복을 위한 생태적 관리에 필요한 기초정보 제공을 위하여 총200개 임분에서 수집된 식생자료를 바탕으로 이원지표종분석법(TWINSPAN)으로 식생유형을 분류하고, DCA 분석으로 환경구배에 따른 그 공간배열 상태를 파악함과 아울러 식생유형별 군락적합도(Φ) 판정으로 결정된 진단종을 기준으로 군락조성요약표를 작성하였다. 식생유형은 신갈나무-둥굴레형, 밤나무-청미래덩굴형, 철쭉-인동덩굴형, 찔레꽃-쑥형, 감태나무-댕댕이덩굴형, 참느릅나무-팽나무형, 그리고 귀룽나무-푼지나무형 등 모두 7개 유형으로 분류되었으며, 대개 해발고도, 수분 체계, 천이 단계 및 교란 체제 등 복합적 요인의 차이를 반영하고 있었다. 구성종의 평균상대중요치는 아까시나무(39.7)가 단연 높게 나타났지만, 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 신갈나무, 상수리나무, 갈참나무 등 참나무류가 상위중요치 구성종으로 나타나고 있어 잠재천이경향을 가늠할 수 있었다. 또한, 식생유형별 구성종의 총피도, 생활형 조성, 종다양성 지수, 그리고 지표종 등도 비교하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2009

Riparian vegetation gives basic habitats for animal and other biological organisms. It is one of essential landscapes in river ecosystem. This floral study was conducted to give basic information for management of the Geum river ecosystem. We discovered total 69 plant communities out of 40 sites studied and mean 8 plant communities were analysed per study site. Salix koreensis and Salix subfragilis community were dominant of all communities at tree layer and Salix gracilistyla and Rubus parvifolius were dominant communities at shrub layer. Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis appeared most as perennial grasses and Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii and Persicaria hydropiper appeared most as annual grasses. Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa and Bidens frondosa were frequently present as exotic species. Grass communities were higher than tree communities because of human disturbance by artificial banks. The number of species was 182 appeared as 53 families 144 species, 34 varieties and 4 forma and mean species number was 25.5 per site. The most abundant site was Yanggang bridge site (14 vegetation association, 49 species) and the least abundant site was Namdaechon, Muju site (3 vegetation association, 12 species). We suggest that continuous riparian vegetation monitoring should be carried out to manage water environment ecologically.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analy zing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha, of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5$\%$), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for 101.2ha(22.8$\%$), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4$\%$), and others for 19.1ha(4.3$\%$). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9$\%$ showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2000

경주 황성공원의 식생구조를 파악하여 생태적 가치를 알아보고, 바람직한 관리방안을 제시하기 위하여 공원 내에 $10m{\times}10m$의 조사구 20개를 설치하고, 군집구조조사를 실시하였다. 군집을 분리하기 위하여 TWINSPAN과 DCA를 이용하였으며, DCA분석결과 소나무군집(A), 소나무군집(B), 참나무류-소나무군집, 아까시나무군집, 그리고 신갈나무군집의 5개로 분리되었다. 종다양도 분석에서 20개 조사구에 걸쳐 목본수종이 총29종 출현하였으나 종조성은 단순하게 나타났다. 각 조사구당 평균출현종수는 $5.32{\pm}2.9$종이었고, 흉고직 경급별 분석에서 소나무는 주로 DBH 27~47cm계급에 분포하였다. 연륜 및 생장분석결과 역사적, 생태적으로 가치가 있는 소나무림이 최근 들어 생장이 둔화되고 있었다. 이상의 조사결과를 바탕으로 관리제언이 제시되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1982

환경오염(環境汚染)에 따른 삼림(森林)의 생태변화(生態變化)를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 울산공단(蔚山工團)의 오염원(汚染源)에서부터 거리에 따른 조사지역(調査地域) 5곳을 설정(設定)하여, 각(各) 조사지역간(調査地域間)의 삼림군집구조(森林群集構造)를 비교(比較)하였다. 공단내(工團內)의 삼림군집(森林群集)에서의 출현수목종수(出現樹木種數)는 3종(種)이고, 7km 떨어진 피해(被害)가 거의 없는 삼림(森林)에서는 20종(種)이었다. 대기오염원(大氣汚染源)에서 거리가 멀어질수록 출현종수(出現種數), 개체수(個體數), 종다양도(種多樣度), 균재도(均在度)가 증가(增加)되며, 유사도지수(類似度指數)는 감소되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 삼림식생중(森林植生中)에서 오염(汚染)에 강(强)한 수종(樹種)은 청미래덩굴, 아까시나무 등이고, 오염(汚染)에 민감한 수종(樹種)은 굴참나무, 갈참나무, 떡갈나무, 자귀나무 등이었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2008

북한산국립공원의 현존식생 및 녹지자연도와 외래식물 분포실태를 2007년에 조사하였다. 북한산국립공원의 현존식생은 총 8개의 식물군락과 기타 지역으로 구분 되었으며, 자연림은 신갈나무군락, 신갈나무소나무군락, 낙엽활엽수림 등 5개 식물군락으로, 조림지는 잣나무림, 리기다소나무림, 아까시나무림 등 3개 산림유형으로 구분되었다. 북한산국립공원의 녹지자연도에서 가장 넓게 분포한 것은 8등급 지역이 약 92.8%였다. 북한산국립공원안에 식재된 수목류는 총 71과 212종류이었고 이 중 자생종은 37과 67종류(31.6%), 외래종은 58과 145종류(68.4%)이었다. 북한산국립공원의 자연환경 회복, 자생식물의 다양성 유지와 자연경관을 향상시키기 위해서는 외래수종에 대한 관리가 필요하다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Salt marsh is an important transitional zone among terrestrial, riverine, and marine ecosystems and is a productive habitat that interacts extensively with adjacent landscape elements of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Nowadays, in addition to various human activities, a variety of natural processes induce changes in salt marshes. This study aims to provide background information to restore disturbed salt marshes and to propose their ecological restoration using seed banks. The study area is a prepared area for the Gwangyang Container Port located in the southern Korea. This area was formed by accumulating mud soils dredged from the bottom of the forward sea. This land was created in a serial process of preparing the Gwangyang container port and the salt marsh was passively restored by seeds buried in mud soil dredged from seabed. As a result of stand ordination based on vegetation data collected from the land, stands were arranged according to tolerance to salinity in the order of $Suaeda$ $maritima$, $Salicornia$ $europaea$, and $Phragmites$ $communis$ communities on the Axis 1. Landscape structure of the projected area was analyzed as well. Edges of the projected area were divided from the marginal waterway by the dike. Four types of vegetation appeared on the dike: $Alnus$ $firma$ plantation, $Robinia$ $pseudoacacia$ plantation, $Lespedeza$ $cyrtobotrya$ plantation, and grassland. In the more internal areas, two types of vegetation sequences appeared: $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $glauca$ community-$Salicornia$ $europaea$ community sequence and $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $maritima$ community-$S.$ $europaea$ community sequence. Mixed community showed the highest species diversity (H' = 0.86) and $S.$ $europaea$ community showed the lowest (H' = 0.0). Evenness is the highest in Mixed community (J' = 2.26) and the lowest in $S.$ $maritime-S.$ $europaea$ community (J' = 0.0). Several plant communities were successfully established on the land created by mud soil dredged from the bottom of Gwangyang Bay. Moreover, community diversity in this area approached a similar level with those from other studies involving natural salt marshes. Therefore, restoration effect based on community diversity obtained in our study can be evaluated as a successful achievement. In this respect, although most salt marshes in Korea and other places worldwide have been destroyed or disturbed by excessive land use, feasibility of seed bank as a restoration tool is greatly expected.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1997

난지도는 서울외곽의 한강변에 위치한 면적 272ha인 섬으로, 1978년부터 1993년까지 약 15년간 서울지역에서 발생하는 각종 쓰레기 92,000,000m$^{2}$를 매립한 곳이다. 1996년 10월 현재 난지도의 현존식생면적은 191ha로서 이중 목본식물은 31ha이고 나머지는 초본식물이 우점종인 군락이었다. 목본식물 면적 중 아까시나무와 능수버들은 전체의 83%를 차지하고 있었다. 토양은 서울지역의 일반적인 토양이 산성으로 나타나는 것과는 달리 알카리성이며, 토양과 현존식생분포사이의 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과 난지도의 현존식생은 난지도 토양 안정화공사 이후의 식생목원지침 마련에는 도움이 되지 않을 것으로 나타났으므로 앞으로의 생태계 복원을 위해서는 다음과 같은 시도가 있어야 할 것이다. 첫째, 다양한 선구수종, 자생수종, 식이식물의 활착실험을 통해 난지도에 적합한 수종 선발. 둘째, 자생수종을 활용한 사면안정 공법의 개발 및 지역 특성에 적합한 식재계획 마련. 셋째, 동물 생태계 조사를 통한 동물생태계 복원계획 수립

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2019

Oceanic islands are biologically important for their unique assemblages of species and high levels of endemism and are sensitive to environmental change because of their isolation and small species source pools. Habitat destruction caused by human landscape development is generally accepted as the main cause of extinction on islands, with exotic species invasion a secondary cause of extinction, especially on tropical islands. However, secondary impacts of human development (e.g., general degradation through resource use and exotic species introduction) are understudied on temperate islands. To determine secondary impacts of human development on the understory vegetation community, 90 field sites on Ulleung Island, South Korea, were sampled during the summer of 2016. Understory vegetation was chosen as it is a proxy for ecosystem health. Diversity and percent cover of introduced, native, and endemic species were tested against proximity to developed areas and trail usage using a model selection approach. Diversity was also tested against percent cover of three naturalized species commonly found in survey plots. The main finding was that distance to development, distance to town, and trail usage have limited negative impacts on the understory vegetation community within best-supported models predicting native and introduced cover and diversity. However, endemic species cover was significantly lower on high usage trails. While there are no apparent locally invasive plant species on the island at the time of this study, percent cover of Robinia pseudoacacia, a naturalized tree species, negatively correlated with plot diversity. These findings indicate that forests on Ulleung Island are not experiencing a noticeable invasion of understory vegetation, and conservation efforts can be best spent preventing future invasions.