• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2003

Methods of fuzzy C-means have been used to characterize geotechnical information from static cone penetration data. As contrary with traditional classification methods such as Robertson classification chart, the FCM expresses classes not conclusiveness but fuzzy. The results show that the FCM is useful to characterize ground information that can not be easily found by using normal classification chart. But optimal number of classes may not be easily defined. So, the optimal number of classes should be determined considering not only technical measures but engineering aspects.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2013

Kiefer (1961) studied asymptotic behavior of empirical distribution using the law of the iterated logarithm. Robertson and Wright (1974a) discussed whether this type of result would hold for a maximum likelihood estimator of a stochastically ordered distribution function; however, we show that this cannot be achieved. We provide only a partial answer to this problem. The result is applicable to both estimation and testing problems under the restriction of stochastic ordering.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 1981

본(本) 논문(論文)은 M. S. Robertson이 만든 함수족(函數族) G(0, 2)에 대(對)한 변분공식(變分公式)(1, 3)을 확장하여 함수족(函數族) $G(\alpha, k)$, $$(\mid\alpha\mid<\frac{\pi}{2},\;k{\geq_-}2)$$에 적용이 되는 새 변분공식(變分公式) (2.18)을 유도하고, 그것을 증명하였다. 그 증명과정(證明過程)은 Schiffer나 Hummel의 방법(方法)을 사용(使用)하지 않고, Poisson-Stieltijes 적분공식(積分公式)을 이용(利用)하여 새로운 방법(方法)으로 증명하는 데 성공(成功)하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2002

Several well-known soil classification charts, like made by Robertson(1986,1990), Olsen(1981), existed already. In Korea, Lee Sun-Jae(1997) made new classification chart based on Unified Soil Classification System with locality In this study, 6 classification charts were applied respective area. Even exact decision is impossible which one is correct, this study can give useful guideline.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.13-13
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• 1993

245개의 식쌍성에 대한 각운동량과 질량과의 상관 관계를 조사하였다. 이러한 조사 결과 분리형 쌍성계는 Log H=1.40+0.98Log M의 관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 분리형과 준분리형 사이의 질량교환에 따른 각운동량이 보전된다는 조건하에서 질량교환에 따른 공전주기 변화의 조건은 성립 할 수 없을 것이다. 한편 12개의 RS CVn형은 분리형으로 undersize Subgiant 형은 준분리형의 상관관계와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 접촉형은 분리형과 준분리형 사이에 나타나는 것으로 보아 Lucy와 Robertson and Eggleton등이 제시하는 것은 TRO(thermal relaxtion oscillation)이론에 따른 결과로도 해석 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.479-480
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• 2001

Harpacticoid copepods are one of the most important components in the benthic meiofaunal community. In spite of their numerical significance the study of harpacticoids in Korea, as distinct from meiofauna in general (Kim et al., 1998, 2000a, b), has been limited. During the course of investigation on ecological significance of harpacticoids in the intertidal sandy shore, a new species of the genus Rhizothrix was determined and described here. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.226-230
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• 1984

LIS's of cis and trans-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate, cis and trans-t-butyl-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate, cis and trans-N,N-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide, trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl methyl ketone and trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl t-butyl ketone have been studied. The LIS's hold the McConnell-Robertson relation and are mainly influenced by the steric effect. LIS's of trans isomers are larger than those of cis isomers. In trans isomers, the LIS's decrease in the following order: methyl ketone > methyl ester > N,N-dimethyl amide > t-butyl ketone${\sim}$t-butyl ester.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.58.4-58.4
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• 2019

In a homogeneous and isotropic universe, the solution to the Einstein Field equation is the Friedmann-Robertson-Lemaître-Walker metric, which describes an expanding Universe with spatial curvature. The curvature has profound implications, in particular regarding the early universe. In this talk, I will review the state-of-the-arts constraints on the spatial curvature of the Universe using different cosmological observations. In particular, I will focus on model-independent tests using baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.48.3-49
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• 2017

Interplanetary space of the solar system contains a large number of dust particles, referred to as Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) cloud complex. They are observable through meteors and zodiacal lights. The relative contribution of possible sources to the IDPs cloud complex was an controversial topic, however, recent research (Yang & Ishiguro, 2015 and references therein) suggested a dominance of cometary origin. In this study, we numerically investigated the orbital evolution of cometary dust particles, with special concerns on different evolutionary tracks and its consequences according to initial orbits, size and particle shape. The effect of dust particle density and initial size-frequency distribution (SFD) were not decisive in total cloud complex mass and mass supply rate, when these physical quantities are confined by observed zodiacal light brightness and dust particle SFD at 1 au. We noticed that, if we assume the existence of fluffy aggregates discovered in the Earth's stratosphere and the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the required mass supply rate decreases significantly. We also found out that close encounters with planets (mostly Jupiter) are the dominating factor of the orbital evolution of dust particles, as the result, the lifetime of cometary dust particles are shorter than Poynting-Robertson lifetime (around 250 thousand years). As another consequence of severe close encounters, only a small fraction of cometary dust particles can be transferred into the orbit < 1 au. This effect is significant for large size particles of ${\beta}$ < 0.01. The exceptional cases are dust particles ejected from 2P/Encke and active asteroids. Because they rarely encounter with Jupiter, most dust particles ejected from those objects are governed by Poynting-Robertson effect and well transferred into the orbits of small semimajor axis. In consideration of the above effects, we directly estimated probability of mutual collisions between dust particles and concluded that mutual collisions in the IDPs cloud complex is mostly ignorable, except for the case of large sized particles from active asteroids.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

Purpose: Nutritional therapy in the intensive care unit is an essential factor for patient progress. The purpose of this study was to compare resting energy expenditure (REE) calculated by prediction equations (PEs) to the REE measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) in trauma patients. Methods: Patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit who received mechanical ventilation between January and December 2015 were enrolled. REE was measured by IC (CCM Express, MGC Diagnostics) and calculated by the following PEs: Harris-Benedict, Fleisch, Robertson and Reid, Ireton-Jones, and the maximum value (25 kcal/kg/day) of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). All patients were ventilated at a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) below 60%. Results: Of the 31 patients included in this study, 24 (77.4%) were men and seven (22.6%) were women. The mean age of the patients was 49.7±13.2 years, their mean weight was 68.1±9.6 kg, and their mean Injury Severity Score was 26.1±11.3. The mean respiratory quotient on IC was 0.93±0.19, and their mean FiO2 was 38.72%±6.97%. The mean REE measured by IC was 2,146±444.36 kcal/day, and the mean REE values calculated by the PEs were 1,509.39±205.34 kcal/day by the Harris and Benedict equation, 1,509.39±154.33 kcal/day by the Fleisch equation, and 1,443.39±159.61 kcal/day by the Robertson and Reid equation. The Ireton-Jones equation yielded a higher value (2,278.90±202.35 kcal/day), which was not significantly different from the value measured using IC (p=0.53). The ESPEN maximum value (1,704.03±449.36 kcal/day) was lower, but this difference was likewise not significant (p=0.127). Conclusions: The REE measured by IC was somewhat higher than that calculated using PEs. Further studies are needed to determine the proper nutritional support for trauma patients.