• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.649-657
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• 2011

This study had targeted the Manjong Junction~Hongchun interchange section of Jungang highway in order to analyze the efficiency and improvement of the highway wild-life fences. Being analyzed wild-life fence as an effective facility for the prevention of road-kill, it had founded that the wild animals did not jump over even the two layer guardrail, concrete barrier and noise barrier, fence for rock fall. For the section with high road-kill decrease effect after installing the wild-life fence, the effect was higher at wild-life fence with the height of 1.0m where the door had not been installed and the well connected points of road facility than the area with fence height of 1.5m. The road-kill decrease effect was also high at the well managed areas even if the door has not been installed. Also, road-kill had occurred by concentrating around the end of wild-life fence after installing the fence, Moreover road-kill had also occurred around the cutting section. The door of wild-life fence had higher amount of road-kill occurrence as the installation interval was closer. it was analyzed that the door management has a lot of effect on road-kill decrease. The fence for rock fall, two layer guardrail and concrete barrier having the effect of wild-life fence installed on the road would have to be installed by connecting with wild-life fences through proper facility improvement. Although the door should not be installed if possible, it should be installed as automatic door or gravity door to prevent the door from leaving the door open. An escape route has to be formed for the prompt escape away from the road for the animals entered through the ending section of the fence. The eco-corridor has to be made by restoring the soil layer of dual purpose eco-corridor forming a planting area. Also, the dead body after the accident has to be disposed to the outer section of the road immediately in order to prevent the secondary road-kill by the predator from the road-kill. The fence has to be installed as 500m or longer in both ways, in other words 1,000m or longer, from the targeted spot of minimum accident prevention while connecting up to the bridge or box culvert, etc that are next road facilities if possible to guide wild animals safely to the eco-corridor.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2013

Recently, road tunnels have become longer and the plans for long and deep road tunnel have been underway in urban areas. These long and deep tunnel excavations include NATM and TBM. Shield TBM is applied to around 80% of traffic tunnels in Europe, and approximately 30% of them in other developed countries. However, as much of equipment is imported from foreign countries at high prices and distribution rate of TBM tunnel is considerably low in Korea, NATM excavation method is commonly used. To increase TBM tunnel, it is necessary to do assure economic feasibility with the supply-demand of TBM equipment. For this, the selection of standardized TBM diameter is urgently needed. Therefore, the study aims to estimate the standardized optimum section properties of TBM by examining TBM excavation cross section utilization depending on the volume of traffic, the number of lane and its cross-section type(single or double deck), and ventilation system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

This research presents the structural performance and an improving technique for flexural capacity of road safety facilities based on the damage cases by wind pressure. Among road safety facilities, a support frame of soundproofing walls is considered as a prototype structure and its corresponding structural behaviors and section design are performed mainly by analytical and experimental studies. On the basis of analytical results, glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) with an epoxy matrix which is high stiffness-to-weight ratio was used for applied one of strengthening techniques and their results shows that support frame strengthened by GFRP is the most effective compared to other cases proposed in this research for advancing its flexural improvement, Finally, optimum section design was performed analytically to evaluate wind-resistance capacity and its result would be very useful for developing a practical design guideline for Road safety facilities under strong wind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.455-465
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• 2020

As cities continue to expand and additional underground structures are constructed, a policy is being planned to expand addresses, which are national framework data. In this study, the application scope of a proposed 3D (three-dimensional) mixed-use complex space for assigning 3D addresses was defined, based on past research on 3D address systems and by analyzing related laws. Underpass shopping malls, underground walkways (excluding underground shopping malls), and 3D mixed-use transfer centers with a gross floor area of 2,000㎡ or more are connected with each space by underground walkways or public paths. In addition, the detailed space corresponding to the public space of the 3D mixed-use complex space was presented and distinguished from the space to which the detailed address is assigned. The criteria for setting the road section were presented based on the intermediate space, which is a characteristic of 3D mixed-use complex spaces. The proposed criteria were applied to the Express Bus Terminal station (3D mixed-use transfer center) and COEX mall (underpass shopping malls). Thus, the road section was set for an unfamiliar 3D mixed-use complex space. However, by applying the proposed criteria to various 3D mixed-use complex spaces, additional and detailed criteria for different cases should be prepared.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2012

Road safety audit is the preventive enhancement strategy for safety. : it gets rid of beforehand the potential factor of a traffic accident in the stage of road planning and design and it evaluates the appropriation for road geometric structure or safety facility to prevent traffic accident in the stage of operation after the construction. Since this strategy is introduced to our country in the early 2000s, various projects have been processed and it was legislated recently. And now, the evaluation of past project for its continuation is needed. Therefore, in this study the evaluation of road safety audit on existing freeway is performed. The spatial extent of this study is Yong-dong line on which the safety treatment was executed in 2005 and 2006. And, the temporal range of this study is each 2-year of before and after from 2005 and 2006. The empirical bayes method of observational evaluation studies is applied to analyze. As a result, there is an effect of improvement on most of treated sections. But there is ineffective or negligible on some sections. Compared with the detail of treatment on each section, the effect of multiple or various treatments is good for that section. On the other hand, the section on which effect doesn't appear is the result of single or unimportant treatments. Throughout these results, the concrete analysis can be performed and the countermeasures designed for the section on which effect doesn't appear. Also it is used as reference to the future plan and direction of road safety audit on existing freeway.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

By using the current road design method that is based on the regulation about structure and facilities standard of the road and the route plan guide of a national road and the alignment optimization road design method which is studied in the inside and outside of country, this study operate the route plan of the sample study and compare and analysis the route character, consequently the current design method has local optimization that is formed the plan by the stage and the section. Alignment optimization road design has the system optimal route search. But cost function has limite that caused by construction parameter that is not included in cost function. So we design a road route included cost function in main fields. As a result, we obtain a realistic and economically road route. The alignment optimization road design model has to be made up some problems, like the change of vertical gradient in the tunnel section, though this defects it has a lot of merits as a geometric design tool, especially in the feasibility study and the scheme design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2005

In case of the roads that pass the mountain area, the cut sections or the tunnels are constructed. And In winter season it appears sunshine few in the specific segment, the shade is continued last and the freezing sections occur. So, the attention is necessary in traffic safety. This study was to evaluate the influence of sunshine and surface freezing sections expected in route plans of roads using GIS and makes alternative ideas in road stability security. After selecting 29 km sections of Donghae highway and creating a 3 dimensional terrain surface through the digital conversion of design plan data, it reflects the road alignment data of the same coordinates and a 3 dimensional road modeling is created. It set shadow time of road surface for the solar trace in the winter solstice in 20 minute interval. Shade areas are displayed and inputed in polygon data by manual vertorizing. Graphic and attribute data of this shade section is constructed in geodatabase of ArcCatalog. And it extracted the freezing section using intersect fuction of the GIS spatial analysis. By analyzing the winter meteorological data of temperature, rainfall, snowfall, humidity, and etc. and grasping dangerous freezing section of the road surface effectively, it will be able to make alternative ideas of the preliminary stability evaluation reflected in basic design.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2013

PURPOSES: Design of approach roads of rest areas in highway has many drawbacks such as geometric design elements. There has been traffic accidents occured in these approach roads of rest areas. Thus, design criteria is required in order to protect accidents from being occurred. In case of Korea, geometric structure design criteria of entry facilities, such as toll-gate, interchange, junction etc was established. However there are no presence in a detailed standards for geometric structure of the rest area which affiliated road facilities. METHODS: In this study, analytic on accidents was carried out in regards to the entry of geometric structure of resting areas by utilizing a sight survey and an investigation research of traffic accidents. The survey was targeting 135 general service areas. Collisions with physical channelization and safety facilities occurred due to speeding, rapid entry, and etc at the entrance nose section. At the entrance connector roads, accidents caused by speeding, negligence, over-operation of handle of drivers were main reason of accidents. Discriminant analysis were conducted about geometric elements to distinguish influencing factors for traffic accidents. the lengths and access angles of the entrance connector roads were regarded as to have the high relation with traffic accidents. RESULTS: After classifying the design section of resting areas' entry as well as derive design elements on each section, a speed measurement by targeting entry of rest areas and car behavior surveys were performed, then each element's minimum standard was derived through the analyses. According to the speeds at the starting/end point of entrance connector road, the range of the junction setting angle of the entrance connector road is defined as $12^{\circ}{\sim}17^{\circ}$ and the connector length model was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Suggest improvement plans for existing rest areas that can be applied realistically. This should be corresponded to the standards of entry and exit of developed rest areas.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 2012

For the application TBM tunneling method, Both tunnel design standard and case study designed & constructed in domestic and foreign have been conducted. According to the study, the number of lane and inner shape (single or duplex) vary depending on the volume of traffic. Also extra space located in the top and bottom of tunnel is used for a multipurpose such as ventilation, disaster prevention, maintenance and administration. To find area ratio according to the components of road TBM tunnel, a standard section was considered as a two-lane road. Then, the analysis of area ratio of this section which consists of components for clearance, extra space in upper and lower tunnel was carried on two widths of shoulder. In addition, after a structural analysis, a thickness requirement of lower slab which is essential for road tunnel was derived on a few supporting types. Through correlation analysis, the ranges of available cross-sectional area between slab thickness and lower extra space of the tunnel was presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

This study is for Hanbuk Mountain Range within Gyeonggi province which is to propose the conservation plan by each damage pattern through site survey of the mountain range. The damage patterns are classified by siding, pointing and lining. The total damaged area is 103 areas: The siding pattern is damaged by developing farmland, mineral and quarry mining, dam, large scale development complex and cemetery park; The pointing pattern is including the development of road, transmission tower and way and mountaineering trail; The construction of electricity and communication facility, military facility, mobile communication station, heliport and shelter. The damages by developing road and large scale development complex are the most cause, and military facility, dam and reservoir, and residential area are the main causes, respectively. One of the compromised situation Hanbuk-Mountain Range usage as per section 7 section (18.45%), 12 section (18.45%) is the largest number of compromised has been surveyed, undermine the situation if you look at the usage by the road 25 locations (24.22%), military facilities and dam and reservoir to undermine this 11 established respectively (10.68%) were the most undermine. Therefore, this research propose the conservation plan as follow: first, need to understand, educate and publicize on Hanbuk-Mounatin Range; second, manage through the regulations and ordinance of Gyeonggi province; third build and expand the law for protecting Baekdu-Great Mountain Range.