• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.425-429
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• 2006

본 연구는 VGIS(Virtual Geographic Information System)을 이용, 환경친화적인 도로건설을 위해 실제 좌표를 사용하므로 3차원 도로의 선형과 구조물을 설계하였다. 그리고 시공 중에 발생 할 수 있는 민원문제 및 설계변경 시 효율적인 의사결정 할 수 있도록 하였다. 대상지역은 전라남도 장흥군의 최대 역점사업인 관광을 테마로 한 정남진 가는 길을 컨셉으로 한 '가고 싶은 길', '보고싶은 다리', 기억하고픈 터널'을 주제로 설계하였으며 명실공히 남도의 새로운 관광명소가 될 자연관광도로가 될 것으로 기대된다. 기존의 3차원 설계에서는 평면적인 선형과 구조물의 형상을 이해하는데 상당한 시간이 소요되었지만, 구조물을 3차원으로 설계함으로써, 비전문가라도 구조물을 쉽게 파악 할 수 있었다. 그리고 3차원 설계는 기존 구조물과 신설될 구조물 사이에 공사 중 발생할 수 있는 환경 및 민원문제를 사전에 파악할 수 있었다. 또한, 실제와 같이 구현된 도로와 구조물의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 각종 의사 결정에 있어 보다 시각적 효과를 증진시켜 효율적인 의사결정을 가능하게 하였다. 본 연구에서는 실제 평면 설계에 쓰이는 좌표값을 3차원설계에 적용하였다. 도로 노선 및 경관분석에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 보이며 VGIS를 이용하므로 도시계획, 식물, 토양. 수로 또는 도로형태, 홍수계획 등 많은 일들이 평가에 사용된다. 여기서는 구조물 3차원 설계에 관한 기초적인 연구를 시행하였으며, 3차원설계를 통해 의사결정시 효율적인 판단을 할 수 있었고, 환경 친화적 시공 및 설계에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 될 것으로 판단된다.안전관리를 위해 채석장에 안전표지판을 설치하여야 하며, 실내가공 작업장의 자동이동시스템을 작업별로 채색하여 식별을 용이하게 하여야 하겠다. 또한 이 연구 결과를 영세사업장의 산업간호프로그램인 'Clean 3D'사업에서 적용하여 우리나라 채석사업장 근로자 건강관리를 발전시켜야 하겠다. 확장기 혈압에서 RZS와 DAD의 일치도와 평균을 중심으로 더 넓게 퍼져있어 낮은 일치도를 보였으며 또 DAD와 RMS의 혈압치는 숫자 선호도를 볼 수 있는데 특히 RMS는 더 뚜렷하게 나타났는데 확장기 혈압의 최빈치(30.6)는 100mmHg이었다. 혈압치들이 가장 가까이 "0"점으로 치우쳐져 있었다. RZS의 Central tendency는 DAD와 RMS보다 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 RZS는 이 연구목적으로 가장 적절함을 보여준다.청소년들의 학교급식에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해서 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 먼저, 학교급식에 대한 식단 작성 시 학생들이 학교에서 제공되기 원하는 식단에 대한 의견을 받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.543-553
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• 2010

Almost five million citizens a day are using subways as a means of traffic communication in the Seoul metropolitan. As the subway system is typically a closed environment, indoor air pollution problems frequently occurs and passengers complain of mal-health impact. Especially $PM_{10}$ is well known as one of the major pollutants in subway indoor environments. The purpose of this study was to compare the indoor air quality in terms of $PM_{10}$ and to quantitatively compare its source contributions in a Seoul subway platform before and after installing platform screen doors (PSD). $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on the J station platform of Subway Line 7 in Seoul metropolitan area from Jun. 12, 2008 to Jan. 12, 2009. The samples collected on membrane filters using $PM_{10}$ mini-volume portable samplers were then analyzed for trace metals and soluble ions. A total of 18 chemical species (Ba, Mn, Cr, Cd, Si, Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Pb, Ti, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were analyzed by using an ICP-AES and an IC after performing proper pre-treatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to identify the source of particulate matters. $PM_{10}$ for the station was characterized by three sources such as ferrous related source, soil and road dust related source, and fine secondary aerosol source. After installing PSD, the average $PM_{10}$ concentration was decreased by 20.5% during the study periods. Especially the contribution of the ferrous related source emitted during train service in a tunnel route was decreased from 59.1% to 43.8% since both platform and tunnel areas were completely blocked by screen doors. However, the contribution of the fine secondary aerosol source emitted from various outside combustion activities was increased from 14.8% to 29.9% presumably due to ill-managed ventilation system and confined platform space.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2011

The practice of asphalt pavement recycling has grown rapidly over the decade, one of which is the cold in-place recycling with the foamed asphalt (CIR-foam) or the emulsified asphalt (CIR-emulsion). Particularly, in Iowa, the CIR has been widely used in rehabilitating the rural highways because it significantly increases the service life of the existing pavement. The CIR layer is typically overlaid by the hot mix asphalt (HMA) to protect it from water ingress and traffic load and obtain the required pavement structure and texture. Most public agencies have different curing requirements based on the number of curing days or the maximum moisture contents for the CIR before placing the overlay. The main objective of this study is to develop a moisture loss index that the public agency can use to monitor the moisture content of CIR layers in preparation for a timely placement of the wearing surface. First, the moisture contents were measured in the field using a portable time domain reflectometry (TDR) device. Second, the weather information in terms of rain fall, air temperature, humidity and wind speed was collected from the same location. Finally, a moisture loss index was developed as a function of initial moisture content, air temperature, humidity and wind speed. The developed moisture loss index based on the field measurements would help the public agency to determine an optimum timing of an overlay placement without continually measuring moisture conditions in the field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1999

Many ITS services require map databases in digital form to meet desired needs. Due to the dynamic nature of ITS and the sheer diversity of applications, the design and development of spatial databases to meet those needs pose a major challenge to both the public and private sectors. This challenge is further complicated by the necessity to transfer locationally referenced information between different kinds of databases and spatial data handling systems so that ITS products will work seamlessly across the region and nation. The Purpose of this paper is to develop the framework-models commonly to reference locations in the various applications and systems-the ITS Map Datum and LRS(Location Referencing System). The ITS Map Datum consists of the around control points which are the prime intersections (nodes) of the nationwide road network In this study, the major points have been determined along wish link-node modeling procedure. LRS, defined as a system for determining the position (location) of an entity relative to other entities or to some external frame of reference, has also been set up using CSOM type method. The method has been implemented using ArcView GIS software over the Kangnam and Seocho districts in the city of Seoul, showing that the implemented LRS scheme can be used successfully elsewhere. With the proper advent of the K.ITS architecture and services, the procedure can be used to improve the data sharing and to inter operate among systems, enhancing the efficiency both in terms of money and time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.116-128
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• 2017

Traffic accidents can be defined as a physical collision event of vehicles occurred instantaneously when drivers do not perceive the surrounding vehicles and roadway environments properly. Therefore, detecting the high potential events that cause traffic accidents with monitoring the interactions among the surroundings continuously by driver is the prerequisite for prevention the traffic accidents. For the analysis, basic data were collected to analyze interactions using a test vehicle which is equipped the GPS(Global Positioning System)-IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit), camera, radar and RiDAR. From the collected data, highway geometric information and the surrounding traffic situation were analyzed and then safety evaluation algorithm for driving vehicle was developed. In order to detect a dangerous event of interaction with surrounding vehicles, locations and speed data of surrounding vehicles acquired from the radar sensor were used. Using the collected data, the tangent and curve section were divided and the driving safety evaluation algorithm which is considered the highway geometric characteristic were developed. This study also proposed an algorithm that can assess the possibility of collision against surrounding vehicles considering the characteristics of geometric road structure. The methodology proposed in this study is expected to be utilized in the fields of autonomous vehicles in the future since this methodology can assess the driving safety using collectible data from vehicle's sensors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.545-552
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• 2009

This study was conducted to provide basic information for development of habitat-based conservation strategies of biological diversity in agricultural ecosystem. The carabid beetle assemblages were examined at four kinds of habitats(levee, dike, forest patch remnants and streamside) from three differently stressed areas located in Paltan-myun, Hwaseong city, Korea: agricultural and forest area(site 1), industrial area(site 2), and residential area(site 3). Pitfall trap samplings were carried out 39 times from November 2000 to November 2002. Our study's findings were that the composition of carabid beetle fauna, dominance species, and pattern of carabid beetle assemblage were different among the habitats. The similarity index was highest between two levees in site 2 and 3, and lowest between hillock in site 2 and streamside in site 3, and that among habitats fragmented by road with high traffic was lower than that among any other habitat types. So, we could know that agricultural land use respectively do an important role in diversity conservation and networking. These findings will be used to establish the land use and management plans in the aspects of conservation of biodiversity.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2015

Characteristics of snowfall and snow crystal habits have been investigated in the campaign of Experiment on Snow Storms At Yeongdong (ESSAY) using radiosonde soundings, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and a digital camera with a magnifier for taking a photograph of snowfall crystals. The analysis period is 6 to 14 February 2014, when the accumulated snowfall amount is 192.8 cm with the longest snowfall duration of 9 days. The synoptic situations are similar to those of the previous studies such as the Low pressure system passing by the far South of the Korean peninsula along with the Siberian High extending to northern Japan, which eventually results in the northeasterly or easterly flows and the long-lasting snowfall episodes in the Yeongdong region. In general, the ice clouds tended to exist below around 2~3 km with the consistent easterly flows, and the winds shifted to northerly~northwesterly above the clouds layer. The snow crystal habits observed in the ESSAY campaign were mainly dendrite, consisting of 70% of the entire habits. The rimed habits were frequently captured when two-layered clouds were observed, probably through the process of freezing of super-cooled droplets on the ice particles. The homogeneous habit such as dendrite was shown in case of shallow clouds with its thickness of below 500 m whereas various habits were captured such as dendrites, rimed dendrites, aggregates of dendrites, plates, rimed plates, etc in the thick cloud with its thickness greater than 1.5 km. The dendrites appeared to be dominant in the condition of cloud top temperature specifically ranging $-12{\sim}-16^{\circ}C$. However, the association of snow crystal habits with temperature and super-saturation in the cloud could not be examined in the current study. Better understandings of characteristics of snow crystal habits would contribute to preventing breakdown accidents such as a greenhouse destruction and collapse of a temporary building due to heavy snowfall, and traffic accidents due to snow-slippery road condition, providing a higher-level weather information of snow quality for skiers participating in the winter sports, and estimating more accurate snowfall amount, location, and duration with the fallspeed of solid precipitation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.7 s.85
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• pp.99-110
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• 2005

Total travel cost of route which connects origin with destination (O-D) is consist of the total sum of link travel cost and route perception cost. If the link perception cost is different according to the origin and destination, optimal route search has limitation to reflect the actual condition by route enumeration problem. The purpose of this study is to propose optimal route searching formulation and algorithm which is enable to reflect different link perception cost by each route, not only avoid the enumeration problem between origin and destination. This method defines minimum unit of route as a link and finally compares routes using link unit costs. The proposed method considers the perception travel cost at both origin and destination in optimal route searching process, while conventional models refect the perception cost only at origin. However this two-way searching algorithm is still not able to guarantee optimum solution. To overcome this problem, this study proposed an orign based optimal route searching method which was developed based on destination based optimal perception route tree. This study investigates whether proposed numerical formulas and algorithms are able to reflect route perception behavior reflected the feature of origin and destination in a real traffic network by the example research including the diversity of route information for the surrounding area and the perception cost for the road hierarchy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2015

The Korean government introduced an automated speed enforcement system (ASES), which uses traffic enforcement cameras, to counteract safety issues that are caused by speeding. As the information of the traffic enforcement camera locations is provided to the drivers via navigation systems and mobile applications in a timely manner, drivers can avoid enforcement by momentarily diminishing their speeds only near the camera locations. To prevent drivers' evasional behavior and improve the effectiveness of ASES, section control, which enforces speeding vehicles by measuring their average travel speeds over a stretch of road and checking against the speed limit, has been recently implemented. In this study, Section Speed Enforcement Zone and Comparison Zone are compared in terms of traffic stream characteristics under free flow conditions. To this end, loop detector data were obtained from the three study sites and analyzed. The study results demonstrated that drivers maintain their speeds below the speed limit over the enforcement section with a lower variance of speeds.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.507-515
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• 2016

In South Korea, there are a large number of tunnels because of the mountainous terrain, and to overcome this characteristics, lengths of tunnels are more longer than existing tunnels. The need to improvement current tunnel management contents is giving rise for accidents in tunnel section is continuously increased although lots of efforts to reduce the accidents. Conventionally, disaster prevention have been focused on the Tunnel Management Systems, tunnel operators generally tend to depend on CCTV images for most contents of detailed traffic flow managing. In this paper, investigation about current Tunnel Management Systems contents using IPA survey was conducted, and Priority Improvement Contents(Accident Situation Management Support, 2nd Accident Management Support, Traffic Flow Monitoring), which importance are high, but satisfaction are low, are deducted. Also, CCTV images, lack intuitive understanding, are judged as a main cause of low satisfaction of those contents. To overcome those limitations of the existing Tunnel Management Systems, this study sought to develop a technology for the synthesis of road images to derive traffic information from synthesis images, and the contents improvement stragegy is established. Tunnel operators-oriented satisfaction survey on new contents was carried out, and scored 4.2 on a 5-point scale. This has confirmed that the availability of new contents and at this stage, with pushing ahead of long-tunnels and undersea tunnels construction, politic applications are expected.