• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

This paper is described clustering analysis of traffic characteristics-based highway classification in order to deviate from methodologies of existing highway functional classification. This research focuses on comparing the clustering techniques performance based on the total within-group errors and deriving the optimal number of cluster. This research analyzed statistical clustering method (Hierarchical Ward's minimum-variance method, Nonhierarchical K-means method) and Kohonen self-organizing maps clustering method for highway characteristic classification. The outcomes of cluster techniques compared for the number of samples and traffic characteristics from subsets derived by the optimal number of cluster. As a comprehensive result, the k-means method is superior result to other methods less than 12. For a cluster of more than 20, Kohonen self-organizing maps is the best result in the cluster method. The main contribution of this research is expected to use important the basic road attribution information that produced the highway characteristic classification.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 2020

Geopark refers to a single boundary area consisting of a collection of geosites and geotrails, which includes ecological, historical and cultural elements based on geological and geomorphological resources. To ensure the continued development and conservation of existing listed geoparks, it is necessary to carry out an environmental sensitivity analysis of the geopark components by utilizing spatial information from various scales. The objectives of this study are to analyze the environmental sensitivity in Cheongsong UNESCO global geopark in relation with slope disaster using GIS and to understand its spatial distribution in connection with geosites and geotrails. Two types of spatial database were constructed; geosites and geotrails in Cheongsong UNESCO global geopark and spatial data to perform environmental sensitivity. Potential soil loss and slope stability were analyzed to derive environmental sensitivity related to slope hazard. The results showed relatively high environmental sensitivity along the drainage network of Cheongsong UNESCO global geopark. Zonal statistics analysis was conducted for further detailed distribution of environmental sensitivity based on buffer zones of geosites and geotrails. Majority of geological sites, geological trails, Jeolgol gorge~Jusan Pond section in hiking trails, and Dalgi Mineral Spring Site~Artistic Genius Republic of Korea(Jangnankki gonghwaguk) section in road areas show relatively high slope hazard sensitivity within buffer zones.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-112
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• 2023

Traffic safety policies have been established and carried out every five years according to the Traffic Safety Act. In addition to policies that are planned and carried out in the long run, there are also policies established to prevent the recurrence of various social issues and accidents. Citizens' participation in administrative affairs has recently seized the spotlight, and has become an efficient means of realizing administrative democracy. Based on big data analysis, this study aims to present how the "Kim Min-sik Case," which recently brought to the fore a social issue of strengthening laws on child school zones, has realized administrative democracy and contributed to legislation due to the emergence of the online platform called "national petition." Policy changes according to the cycle of issues are divided according to time series classification and what contents are devised in each section through text mining analysis. In this regard, the results of this study are expected to provide useful theoretical and practical implications for researchers and policymakers by presenting policy implications that it is important to prepare practical and realistic alternatives in solving policy problems.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2012

Recently, agricultural lands decrease sharply, which was caused by urbanization, land consolidation, road construction, and innovation city construction, etc. In particular, Goyang, Chenan and Wonju city were had severe land use change. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practice in these cities. The results are summarized as follows. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2011) was reduced to 17.3ha compared to ones from the previous year (2009). The paddy field decreased by 24.2 ha but, upland field increased by 7.0 ha. The reasons for the reduction of the paddy field were converting paddy field to upland (20.7 ha) > public facilities (3.2) ${\geq}$ building (3.2) > idle land (1.3) > and others (0.9). Other reasons for reduction in the upland field were switching upland to paddy field, (20.7 ha) > land developed (4.5) > and restoration (0.3) respectively. The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable upland or greenhouse crops. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Goyang, Cheonan, and Wonju city were reduced to 1,466 ha, 9,708 ha and 6,980 ha respectively. The ratio of cropland area in each city was reduced by 45~25% dramatically compared to upland soil survey project in Korea (1995~1999). These data were compared with MiFAFF statistics data to use for land use cover map of Ministry of environment. But they were differences significantly. Therefore, intensive investigation should be advised throughout the utilization plan. The paddy fields located in small valley in Wonju city were changed into upland or orchard. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Wonju city. The soil suitability classes of paddy field in Wonju innovation city were the 3rd grade for 70.8% of the area and the 4th grade for 29.2%. The soil suitability classes of upland was the 4th grade for 88.7% of the area. Fortunately, good soil suitability classes were not belong to innovation city in Wonju. So, the good farm land should be conserved and revise the related law.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-201
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• 2011

Myanmar had fallen behind other southeast asian nations since Burmese way to Socialism settled down. However, historically second election in Myanmar hold in 2011 and dramatic changes in areas such as Special Economic Zone announcement, the very huge inflows of foreign direct investment in a year of 2009, the infrastructure building projects, a permit of the right to strike for Labour Organization in Myanmar etc. Particularly, Foreign investments and trade with neighbouring countries are actively growing and also with Korea. But investments of Korea in Myanmar relatively are not diversity, with limited sectors such as mining and sewing manufacturing. In this point of view, this paper is trying to make implications for strategies of entry and investments of Korea in Myanmar by using previous papers related to Myanmar economies, trade and foreign investments with updated statistical data. The implications for Korea is that recently Myanmar economy is in its early stages of development. Although it can occur huge demand of railway, road, communications and constructions related to social infrastructures essentially needed for development of a country, these sectors relatively need huge investments. On the other hands, textile and sewing industry relatively need smaller investments in which investors can utilize low labour cost and a position for export to third countries. But those firms which set up for those purpose in Myanmar might have trouble creating domestic markets in future. Moreover, due to demand which occur in the early stage of growth in Myanmar, trade volume tend to increase and trading is also possible to invest but Myanmar still have lots of problems with infrastructure such as road and logistics and we need to make pre-survey for the costs and benefits of our products Finally, Myanmar government is trying to promote and encourage some of industries such as export-oriented industry, import substitution industry and labour-intensive industry. It can also means they will accumulate capital which can be sources for Myanmar economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2020

Three-dimensional registration is a process of matching data with or without a coordinate system to a reference coordinate system, which is used in various fields such as the absolute orientation of photogrammetry and data combining for producing precise road maps. Three-dimensional registration is divided into a method using points and a method using linear features. In the case of using points, it is difficult to find the same conjugate point when having different spatial resolutions. On the other hand, the use of linear feature has the advantage that the three-dimensional registration is possible by using not only the case where the spatial resolution is different but also the conjugate linear feature that is not the same starting point and ending point in point cloud type data. In this study, we proposed a method to determine the scale and the three-dimensional translation after determining the three-dimensional rotation angle between two data using quaternion to perform three-dimensional registration using linear features. For the verification of the proposed method, three-dimensional registration was performed using the linear features constructed an indoor and the linear features acquired through the terrestrial mobile mapping system in an outdoor environment. The experimental results showed that the mean square root error was 0.001054m and 0.000936m, respectively, when the scale was fixed and if not fixed, using indoor data. The results of the three-dimensional transformation in the 500m section using outdoor data showed that the mean square root error was 0.09412m when the six linear features were used, and the accuracy for producing precision maps was satisfied. In addition, in the experiment where the number of linear features was changed, it was found that nine linear features were sufficient for high-precision 3D transformation through almost no change in the root mean square error even when nine linear features or more linear features were used.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_2
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• pp.1849-1858
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• 2021

We analyzed the monthly and annual trends of the meteorological factors(wind speeds and directions and air temperatures) measured at an automated synoptic observation system (ASOS) and fine particle (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) concentrations measured at the air quality monitoring systems(AQMSs) in Suwon. In addition, we investigated how the fine particle concentrations were related to the meteorological factors as well as urban morphological parameters (fractions of building volume and road area). We calculated the total volume of buildings and the total area of the roads in the area of 2 km × 2 km centered at each AQMS using the geographic information system and environmental geographic information system. The analysis of the meteorological factors showed that the dominant wind directions at the ASOS were westerly and northwesterly and that the average wind speed was strong in Spring. The measured fine particle concentrations were low in Summer and early Autumn (July to September) and high in Spring and Winter. In 2020, the annual mean fine particle concentration was lowest at most AQMSs. The fine particle concentrations were negatively and weakly correlated with the measured wind speeds and air temperatures (the correlation between PM_2.5 concentrations and air temperatures was relatively strong). In Suwon city, at least for 6 AQMSs except for the RAQMS 131116 and AQMS 131118, the PM₁₀ concentrations were affected mainly by the transport from outside rather than primary emission from mobile sources or wind speed decrease caused by buildings and, in the case of PM_2.5, vise versa.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.36-49
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to extract "Field Survey Based Infection Tree of Pine Wilt Disease(FSB_ITPWD)" and "Object Classification Based Infection Tree of Pine Wilt Disease(OCB_ITPWD)" from the Research Forest at Kangwon National University, and evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics and occurrence intensity of wood infested by pine wood nematode. It was found that the OCB optimum weights (OCB) were 11 for Scale, 0.1 for Shape, 0.9 for Color, 0.9 for Compactness, and 0.1 for Smoothness. The overall classification accuracy was approximately 94%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.85, which was very high. OCB_ITPWD area is approximately 2.4ha, which is approximately 0.05% of the total area. When the stand structure, distribution characteristics, and topographic and geographic factors of OCB_ITPWD and those of FSB_ITPWD were compared, age class IV was the most abundant age class in FSB_ITPWD (approximately 55%) and OCB_ITPWD (approximately 44%) - the latter was 11% lower than the former. The diameter at breast heigh (DBH at 1.2m from the ground) results showed that (below 14cm) and (below 28cm) DBH trees were the majority (approximately 93%) in OCB_ITPWD, while medium and (more then 30cm) DBH trees were the majority (approximately 87%) in FSB_ITPWD, indicating different DBH distribution. On the other hand, the elevation distribution rate of OCB_ITPWD was mostly between 401 and 500m (approximately 30%), while that of FSB_ITPWD was mostly between 301 and 400m (approximately 45%). Additionally, the accessibility from the forest road was the highest at "100m or less" for both OCB_ITPWD (24%) and FSB_ITPWD (31%), indicating that more trees were infected when a stand was closer to a forest road with higher accessibility. OCB_ITPWD hotspots were 31 and 32 compartments, and it was highly distributed in areas with a higher age class and a higher DBH class.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.869-881
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to come up with improvement measures to improve the effectiveness of child safety measures. Method: The current status of child safety accidents was investigated and implications were deduced by analyzing major child safety measures by government department in the past. In addition, a perception survey was conducted on 1,000 people including children, guardians, and children's facility workers who are subject to child safety policies. Result: Regarding the safety of children's living space(environment), 35.3% of guardians answered that more than 1/3 of them were not safe. Both guardians(95.3%) and children's facility workers(89%) answered that there was the highest risk of 'traffic accidents', and the second risk factor was parents(carelessness of workers at children's facilities) and children's facility workers(careless of guardians at home). Looking at the risks by place, "road and sidewalk" was the most dangerous place and for child safety, guardians(64.3%) and workers (78.3%) both said that the role of "parent" is the most important. For improvements to prevent child safety accidents, the response rate of "strengthening safety management of road traffic facilities" is the most necessary with 75.8% for guardians and 65% for child use facilities. Conclusion: The reinforcement measures to strengthen the effectiveness of child safety measures are as follows. First, in order to ensure the continuity of child safety measures, it should be operated effectively so that those subject to the establishment of the Comprehensive Plan for Child Safety, which took effect in August 2022, can feel it. Second, in order to improve the sensitivity of children's policy targets, promotion measures that take into account the characteristics of each child safety field should be continuously strengthened. Third, it is necessary to expand safety infrastructure for each field to secure child safety. Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen safety education that can ensure safety for children themselves and to come up with detailed measures to make safety education for parents(guardians) mandatory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2003

Satellite-based positioning system such as global positioning system(GPS) has played a major role in data capture technology for constructing GIS database. Recent advances in satellite-based positioning technology have made the task of precisely locating features fast, easy, and inexpensive, and determined their current latitude and longitude. However, there are still situations where satellite-based positioning service will not provide users with desired precision such as in urban environments, that is, the only severe handicap still hampering satellite-based positioning is the well-known problem of restricted satellite visibilities. As the majority of the creation and updating of road and street network are carried out in urban environments, the obstruction problem considerably impedes the wider application of satellite-based positioning. This paper presents the current GPS-based positioning environment for GIS data acquisition in urban areas. A field experiment with measurement vehicle has been performed under varying operational conditions and areas where shading of satellite signal is encountered due to buildings and overpasses with measurement vehicle in order to evaluate the availability of existing GPS-based positioning. We found that the current GPS-base positioning system we used in this study was insufficient for a precise GIS data acquisition. This research would make a contribution for the development of base data to supplementary technology, which can complement the existing GPS-based positioning.