• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.41
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• pp.267-292
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• 2009

It is a right time to improve the Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) as a fundamental law on Rules of Origin(RoO) in the global trade circumstances which are summarized FTA and WTO. The KFTA's RoO constitutes the labelling system of the Country of Origin, the criterion of it, the issuing of certificate of origin and the punishing offender mainly around the importing goods. This study has focused on the problems of KFTA's RoO at the macro and practical level, and proposed the programs to improve the KFTA's RoO about importing, exporting and domestic production goods. KFTA need to create a purpose clause to protect consumers and industries also, and has to be located a general and top position in the RoO of Korea. In the concrete, the labelling system of the Country of Origin has to set limited in the point of minimum necessity view. The criterion of the Country of Origin also has to improve the wholly obtained criterion, the changing in tariff classification criterion, value added criterion and processing operation criterion to harmonize WTO Rules of Origin and FTA Rules of Origin. The punishment ceiling against offender has to raise to guarantee the effectiveness of RoO.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.626-633
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• 1998

For the fabrication of low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant, crystallizing glass [$SiO_2-TiO_2-RO (RO:BaO, CaO:SrO)$] was formed. The glass/ceramic composites were made by mixing this glass and alumina ceramic as filler, and its characteristics was investigated. With this glass compositon, it was possible to fabricate the glass which could be crystallized under $900^{\circ}C$. And it was found that the crystallizing temperature was changed in accordance with the composition of RO in glass. By adding $Bi_2O_3$ as flux, using $Al_2O_3$ as filler and sintering at $860^{\circ}C$, low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant was fabricated. The density of that composites was 3.96 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, dielectric constant was 17 and Q. f was 600.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.181.2-181
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• 2003

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.8-11
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• 2007

SOFC 스택 밀봉재로서 $SiO_2-R_2O_3$계를 선정하여 $R_2O_3$와 RO를 변화 하였을 때 유리 전이 온도, 열팽창계수, 이종 물질간의 젖음성, 환원 가스에 반응성 등을 조사하였다. 또한 모유리에 filler를 넣었을 때 filler 첨가에 따른 특성을 조사한 결과 $B_2O_3/SiO_2$ 함량비 증가에 따라 열팽창계수는 증가하였고 전이점은 낮아졌으며 밀봉재를 이용한 SUS 와 SUS를 $800^{\circ}C$ 접합 후 산화 ${\cdot}$ 환원분위기에서 작동했을 때. 화학적 반응 및 확산 반응층은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.161.1-161
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• 2003

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.58-76
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• 2022

Purpose - This study examined the Rules of Origin (RoO) as a factor affecting free trade agreements' (FTA) utilization and analyzed the causal relationship and the effects of these factors on the export performance of automobile parts companies. Design/methodology - We analyzed and verified the impact of FTA utilization and the export performance of automobile parts companies by dividing the characteristics of the RoO into complexity and uncertainty. Following which, various statistical analyses were conducted on the interrelationships among these variables. Findings - This research analyzed the effect of the RoO factors of complexity and uncertainty on the use of FTA and the export performance of automobile parts companies. We found that these characteristics of RoO were generally related to and affected the FTA use and export performance of these companies. Based on this, this study's investigation into the characteristics of the RoO would then help companies in better utilizing the FTA, as well as providing suggestions on how to effectively respond to the application of the FTA in the future. Originality/value - Companies that want to utilize FTAs in international trade must follow the RoO. In the Regional Trade Agreement (RTA), the country-of-origin is a key factor, with the RoO being an important requirement for the application of preferential tariffs. These regulations are a requirement for receiving FTA preferential treatment; however, they also cause difficulties to companies in using the FTA.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.89.2-89.2
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• 2010

고체산화물 연료전지는 $800{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$인 고온에서 작동하므로 적용되는 밀봉재의 요구조건은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 SOFC 밀봉재로서 $SiO_2-B_2O_3-RO$계 결정화 유리를 선정하였으며 작동온도 부근에서 결정화를 유도하여 고온점성유동을 제어하고자 하였다. 따라서 $SiO_2-B_2O_3-RO$계에 RO인 CaO, SrO, BaO, MgO를 상호 치환하였을 때 결정상의 생성, 생성온도, 생성결정의 종류가 sealing 특성에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 검토하였다. 결정화유리를 $800^{\circ}C$로 유지하였을 때 생성되는 주 결정상은 Calsium silicate, Strontium silicate, Barium silicate, Magnesium silicate이였으며 Strontium silicate 의 생성속도가 가장 빨랐으며 결정상은 불산으로 에칭하여 SEM으로 관찰하였다. Barium silicate를 유도한 결정화 유리가 $800^{\circ}C$에서 1000시간 유지하였을 경우 가장 내화학성이 우수하며 강도값도 154MPa로 가장 높았다. 또한 부분 결정화를 통해 $800^{\circ}C$ 점성유동이 제어됨을 고온현미경을 통해 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2007

고체산화물연료전지(SOFC)는 연료가 갖는 화학에너지를 연소과정 없이, 공기와 $H_2$, CO, $CH_4$와 같은 환원성 가스를 공급받아 $700^{\circ}C-850^{\circ}C$에서 전기화학적 반응을 통하여 직접 전기를 얻는 방식이다. SOFC는 여러장의 단위 셀을 적층하여 스택을 구성하는데, 스택 제조시 단전지에 공급되는 산화, 환원 가스의 누출이나 흡입을 막기 위하여 밀봉재를 사용한다. 이러한 밀봉재는 완벽한 밀봉, 열에 대한 안정성, 충격에 견디는 저항성 등의 기계적인 특성 및 구성요소와의 최소한의 열팽창계수차를 가져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 $SiO_2-R_2O_3$-RO계에서 $R_2O_3$, RO의 변화에 따른 밀봉 특성 및 열팽창계수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1350-1355
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• 1999

Sintering characteristics and dielectric properties of low temperature sinterable Glass/Ceramic dielectric materials were investigated. The dielectric materials which were developed for microwave frequency applications consist of SiO2-TiO2-Bi2O3-RO system(RO:BaO-CaO-SrO) crystallizable glass and Al2O3 as a ceramic filler. Sintering experiments showed that no more densification occurred above 80$0^{\circ}C$ and bulk density and shrinkage depended on Al2O3 content only. Results of dielectric measurements showed that $\varepsilon$r Q$\times$f and $\tau$f of the material containing 30wt% Al2O3 were 17.3, 600 and +23 ppm respectively. Those values for 45 and 60wt% Al2O3 samples were 11.6, 1400, +0.7 ppm and 7.2, 2000, -8.5 ppm, repectively. The results clearly showed that the Glas/Ceramic materials of present experiment decreased in $\varepsilon$r and increased in $\times$f value and changed from positive to negative value in $\tau$f value with the increasement of Al2O3 content.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2003

저온소성 가능하며 저 융점유리인 고 투과율의 Pb-free 조성으로서 PDP(Plasma Display panel)의 투명유전체에 응용하고자 P$_2$O$_{5}$-ZnO-RO 계인 인산염 유리의 열적, 광학적성질을 연구하였다. 이 삼원계인 인산염유리계를 PDP의 투명 유전체에 응용하기에는 열적특성에서 문제점이 제기되어, (30-50)P$_2$O$_{5}$ - (20-50)ZnO - (15-45) RO (mol%)계에 유리망목형성제인 A1$_2$O$_3$, SiO$_2$, B$_2$O$_3$등을 첨가하여 열적성질 및 소성후 투광성 등을 조사하였다. 열적특성은 DTA와 TGA를 이용하여 유리전이점(Tg) 및 선팽 창계수(CTE)와 연하점(Ts) 을 측정하였으며, 투광성은 500-58$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 소성하여 UV-visible spectrometer을 이용하였다 그 결과로, 380-46$0^{\circ}C$의 Tg와 8-$10^{-6}$K의 CTE 및 70-80%의 광투과율을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 P$_2$O$_{5}$-ZnO-RO계는 PDP의 투명유전체에 적용하기에는 상당히 높거나 낮은 Tg를 형성하였지만 유리형성제를 수 mol%을 첨가함으로써 적절한 Tg점과 높은 투과율을 얻을 수 있었다.수 있었다.