• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2000

Environmental pollution has become more and more serious in urban areas since industrialization as most streams and rivers were developed heavily because of economic opportunism. Recently river restoration techniques, applied in advanced countries, have been introduced to Korea. But the application of river restoration techniques developed in advanced countries, has a lot of limitations in respect of economic loss during construction, suitability for the domestic situation and the problem of flood control. The method of minimizing the problems must take into consideration these issues, including economic considerations. So from these points of view this study intends to plan ecological river restoration and to create a nature friendly river in the case of the Chungrang river. The subject site is the upper part of Chungrang river, from the Nokchun bridge to Sang-kye bridge, where the ecosystem is well preserved in comparison with other parts of the river. The subject site is divided into 10 sections for plant state investigation. The result of plant-state investigation showed pioneer water plants such as Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe jaranica, Rumex crispus. appeared very often. On the basis of the existing plant state, this study has planned an appropriate plant state for the river and has planned for bank protection using a method of construction, which is suitable for natural river. In this study, first of all, it is intended to investigate the plant growth state of Chungrang river and try to plan a particular ecosystem for the river for the purpose of the revival of the natural river.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 1975

It was studied of relation between biomass of reed communities (Phragmitis communis) and several environmental factors concerned with such as chlor ine, pH, humus content in soil and depth of seawater submerged. Two sites where were the different geographical conditions were set up. One site had two plots: H plot, at theshallows of seawater, was not submerged except at full tide or at heavy rainfall, and M plot, at medium depth of seawater, submerged at every common tide at inside of a bank along the west seashore of Mu-An-peninsula. The other site also two plots: M' plot, at medium depth, submerged about 10 hours at each tide, and L plot, at deep seawater submerged every tims at tide at the outside of a bank along the eastside estuary of Youngsan river. Maximum standing crop of the reed community was shown on 25th of June: biomass at H M, M' and L plot were respectively 4.65, 3.60, 0.98, and 0.67 kg dry weight per $m^2$. Density of individual at H, M, M' and L plot was 67, 78, 244 and 333 plants per $m^2$. Net production of the terrestrial parts of rred community on the outside of the bank were lesser as much as a sixth than that on inside, but the density of the plant on outside of the bank was higher as much 4 or 5 times than that on inside. It was assumed that the growth of reed plant was inhibited by high chlorine, high pH, less humus in soil and submergence of seawater for long period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.905-913
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• 2008

The water resource depending on mostly surface water has many problems, such as contaminated and unpredicted contamination event. For this reason, it has been employed highly technical treatment method for them, such as ground water dam and river bank filtration. it has been developed the radial collector wells in kind of bank filtration to increase efficiency for in-taking the water resource insead of the vertical well needed many wells to take more resource. But it has many problems with the incumbent method to bore the horizontal hole for radial collector wells, such as filling with the filter material outside of a strainer by watering, jamming as retrieving the casing tube with the filter material, eccentric boring etc. To reduce the problems of incumbent equipment, it has been developed the horizontal boring equipment and performed the field trial tests several times, which have bits and water jetting system with rotating the cone-shaped front to be excavated easily. In this paper, it was compared the brand-new with the incumbent non-rotating pressing insertion method. Also it was shown the problems of the incumbent method was reduced effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

Buk-myeon area in Changwon is located near Nakdong river and not short of quantity of river but the water quality and quantity is changed extremely by seasons, and Fe, Mn, Cu are found at the base rock underground water. Therefore, bank filtrated water developing is settled. At this research, Pilot-Plant is built to find out Fe and Mn are detected and eliminated by biological process and the ammonia is exceeded the drinking water quality criteria at the bank filtrated water while designing and facilitating the local water supply facilities at Buk-myeon area. Also, check results of the changed treatment process of automatic precipitating filter, which is producing and supplying drinking water, and analyzing the Biological Process Effectiveness by building and running Buk-myeon Water Treatment Facility, which could provide $10,000m^3/day$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2014

To investigate the possibility of developing the seeding measure for river bank slope revegetation, germination experiment and early growth observation were conducted using 3 native species growing naturally around river banks such as Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phragmites communis, and Miscanthus sinensis. The applied seeding methods were 3 such as scattering seeds, tillage after scattering seeds, and covering up seed with soil after scattering seeds. According to seeding methods, germination experiment and early growth observation were carried out on nursery bed soil in greenhouse. As results of this study, all the 3 native plant species' germination ratio and growth in length on nursery bed soil were highest on the seeding method of covering up seed with soil. Also it was verified by Duncan's multiple range test that the germination ratio and growth in length on the seeding method of covering up seed with soil is distinguished from those on other two seeding methods. According to this results, the best possible seeding measure to be developed should be mechanical seed spraying with soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.333-336
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• 2014

Trifolium resupinatum L. (Fabaceae) is native in Southern Europe and Southwesten Asia. This species is known as a naturalized plant, which is widely distributed in the world. We first found it in the Eushincheon river bank of Jindo Isl., Jeollanam-do, South Korea. T. resupinatum can be easily distinguished from the other species of the same genus by its resupinate flower. The Korean name "Geo-kkul-kkot-to-kki-pul" indicates its distinctive characteristic of flower.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.42-57
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• 2011

We described the above-ground plant species composition and measured a range of soil physico-chemical properties and the composition and size of the soil seed bank in the remnant natural vegetations on the flood plains of the Han River within Seoul, South Korea. We used analysis of variance and multivariate analyses to analyse the data and S${\o}$rensen's similarity index to compare the composition of the vegetation and seed banks. The soils were circum-neutral and composed of mainly sand and silt fractions with a very limited clay component; a gradient based on sand/clay proportions was identified. The soil seed banks varied markedly between- and within-sites and had much greater species diversity than the above-ground vegetation. Two of the major dominants in the vegetation (Miscanthus saccariflorus and Phragmites australis) were found at very low densities in the seed bank. The site differences appeared to be correlated with the sand-clay gradient, suggesting that the soil properties differentially affected seed inputs into the soil, or that the processes than controlled sediment deposition during floods was also important in differentially affecting seed deposition. Lastly, there was relatively little similarity between the vegetation, dominated mainly by perennials, and the seed bank which contained a relatively large proportion of annuals and biennials. This result suggests that after disturbance caused by flooding there is the potential for many other species to colonize. This may impinge on the regeneration potential of the sites and cause concern for the future conservation of these important remnants of natural vegetation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Soil seed banks as natural storage of plant seeds play an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of watershed. Natural regeneration potential of the soil seed bank of Land use types (LUTs) in Ogun River watershed (ORW) was investigated. ORW was stratified using proportionate sampling technique into Guinea Savannah (GS), Rainforest (RF) and Swamp Forest (SF) Ecological Zones (EZs). Three LUTs: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farmland (FL) were purposively selected in GS: GSNF, GSDF, GSFL; RF: RFNF, RFDF, RFFL and SF: SFNF, SFDF, SFFL, respectively. Systematic line transects was used in the laying of the sample plots. Sample plots of 25 m×25 m were established in alternate positions. Ten 1 m×1 m quadrats were randomly laid for soil core sampling from previously randomly selected ten plots. The core samples (10) were pooled per plot in each LUT and placed in individual trays. Ten trays with sterilized soil were used as control. The trays were watered regularly and checked for seedlings emergence fortnightly for 18 months. The experimental design used was 3×3 factorial experiments. ANOVA, Diversity index (H') and Similarity index (SI) were used to analyze the data. There was significant difference in seedling emergence among ecological zones and land use types (p<0.05). A total of 4,400 seedlings emerged from the soil samples. All species were distributed among 32 families. FL in the RF had the highest number of germinated seeds (705±37.33 seedlings) followed by DF in the RF (701±49.6 seedlings). The lowest emergence was in NF of the SF (199±28.41 seedlings). DF in the RF had highest number of species (34) distributed among 22 families. Emergence from soil seed bank of NF in ORW was generally with more of tree species than herbs that were predominant in FL and DF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find out the physical properties and soil shearing strength reinforcement effect of herbaceous plants for the slope revegetation works. Two native plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides and Miscanthus sinensis) were used for this experiment, because they have excellent seed germination rates without preconditioning, and grow naturally around rivers. To identify the physical properties, the partial dry weight of plants were investigated. To identify the soil shearing strength reinforcement effect, the respective soil shearing strengths of the control soils, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis samples were measured. Also, we did a correlation analysis to examine the relation of shearing strength to plant features. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average dry weight of Pennisetum alopecuroides samples consists of 52.36% above ground and 47.64% at root. And in dry weight, 78.24% of it's root distributes within 10 cm in soil depth. Meanwhile the average dry weight of Miscanthus sinensis samples consists of 52.91% above ground and 47.09% at root. And in dry weight, 82.95% of it's root distributes within 10 cm in soil depth. 2. The results of correlation analysis showed that for both Pennisetum alopecuroides and Miscanthus sinensis, it could not be said that there was any correlation between shearing strength and plant characteristics, and statistically they were not meaningful. 3. In the shearing strength test with control soils, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis as subjects, the differences in shearing strength measurement results were modest, and the order was shown as control soils < Pennisetum alopecuroides < Miscanthus sinensis, so the soil shearing strength reinforcement effect by the Pennisetum alopecuroides and the Miscanthus sinensis on loamy sand at river banks surface was confirmed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest the framework of functional assessment on lotic area based on HGM(Hydrogeomorphic) approach targeting Wetland Protected Areas which are in the type of river channel, and to set up the fundamental data as a reference wetland. A total of 10 factors in terms of hydrology, biogeochemistry, plant habitat and animal habitat was analyzed based on the original approach of HGM and each Functional Capacity Index(FCI) of those factors was calculated. As the result of the modified FCI analysis, Damyang riverine wetland which is with artificial river bank had high values in the variables of area ratio of actual vegetation in the foreland, the number of plant per area and the area ratio of Salix spp., and those values were highly reflected on the factors of Nutrient Cycling(947,668.00), Species Richness and Maintain Characteristic Plant Communites(6.39) and Maintain Spatial Structure of Habitat(11.00). The Hanbando wetland which is keeping the natural bank had higher values in the variables of structural scale and species diversity, and the those values were highly reflected on the factors of Energy Dissipation(17,805.16), Subsurface Storage of Water(0.54), Removal of Imported Elements and Compounds(103,052.73), Maintain Characteristic Detrital Biomass(2.31), Maintenance of Interspersion and Connectivity (6.50), Species Diversity of Benthic macro-invertebrates(1.60) and Species Diversity of Vertebrate & Species Number of Other Animals(2.52/ 151.50), compared to the Damyang Riverine Wetland.