• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2016

The research was conducted windward of an irrigated Acacia amplicips Maslin windbreak established to protect As Salam Cement Plant from winds and moving sands. Two belts with approximate optical porosities of 50% and 20% were studied in River Nile State, Sudan. The research aimed at assessing the efficiency of the two belts in wind speed reduction and sand deposition. Research methods included: (i) estimation of optical porosity, (ii) measurements of windward wind speeds at a control and at distances of 0.5 h (h stands for windbreak height), 1 h and 2 h at two vertical levels of 0.25 h and 0.5 h, (iii) estimation of relative wind speeds at the three positions (distance and height) at windward and (iv) estimation of wind erosive forces and prediction of zones of sand deposition. Results show that while the two belts reduced windward wind speeds at the two levels for the three distances, belt II was more effective. Nearest sand deposition occurred at 2 h and 1h windward of belt II and belt I, respectively, at level 0.25 h. At level 0.5 h, sand was deposited only at 2 h windward of belt II and no sand deposition occurred windward of belt I. The study concludes that less porous windbreaks are more effective in reducing wind speed and in depositing sand in windward direction at a distance of not less than twice the belt height.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2001

Different polluted water samples were collected from a wastewater treatment plant, agricultural drainage canals, the River Nile, and irrigation canals. The samples were examined for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Sohag area, Egypt over a period of one year. A total of 240 isolates were collected and tested for their resistance to 12 common antibiotics and 6 heavy metals. The isolates were found to be less resistant to norfloxacin(1.7%), ofloxacin(4.6%), amikacin(9.6%), tobramycin (10.4), carbenicillin (15.4), and gentamycin (41.3%), yet more sensitive to rifampicin (75%), kanamycin (89.6%), ampicillin (90.8%), chloramphenicol (91.7%), streptomycin (92.9%), and tetracyclin(96.3%). In contrast, 7.1%, 12.9%, 25.4%, and 53.7% of the isolates were resistant to lead, cadmium, mercury, and zinc, respectively. None of the isolates had developed a resistance to silver or molybdenum. The high frequency of metal-antibiotic double resistance existed between lead and amikacin (56.5%), cadmium and ofloxacin (72.7%), zinc and norfloxacin (100%), and mercury and carbenicillin (94.6%). The high occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in natural water could be related to the widespread use of antibiotics, with possible public health hazard.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2020

본 연구는 온배수가 유입되는 대구시 달서천을 대상으로 나일틸라피아의 개체군 특성을 파악하기 위해 2019년 1월부터 11월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 물리적 서식환경분석 결과 낮은 수심과 자갈, 모래/진흙의 비율이 높은 하상구조를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이화학적 서식환경 분석 결과 달서천의 전기전도도(EC)는 매우 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 기온 및 수온 분석 결과 달서천은 연중 10℃ 이상의 수온을 지속적으로 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 금호강은 3월부터 10℃ 이상의 수온을 유지하는 것으로 확인되었다. 어류상 조사결과 총 8과 20종 4,247개체가 출현하였다. 상대풍부도 분석 결과 나일틸라피아가 1,306개체(30.75%)로 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사 시기별 나일틸라피아 개체수 분석 결과 6월 30일 조사 시 급격한 개체수 증가를 보였다. 나일틸라피아 개체군의 길이-무게 분석 결과 회귀계수 b값은 3.1496으로 나타났으며, 비만도지수(k) 기울기는 0.0025로 양의 기울기로 분석되었다. 조사시기별 달서천의 수온과 나일틸라피아 전장을 비교·분석한 결과 22℃ 이상의 수온을 유지하는 5월 29일 조사시 당년생 개체가 출현하였다. 전장빈도 분포 분석 결과 당년생은 0~110 mm, 1년생~2년생은 120~210 mm, 2년생 이상의 개체는 >210 mm의 범위로 추정되었다. 나일틸라피아 개체군 생식소중량지수(GSI) 분석 결과 수컷과 암컷 모두 3월 11일 조사시 중앙값이 가장 높았으며, 3월 이후 중앙값은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 나일틸라피아의 개체 무게(BW), 생식소중량(GS), 생식소중량지수(GSI) 간의 상관 분석 결과 개체 무게가 유사더라도 암컷 개체의 생식소중량과 생식소중량지수가 더 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 결과적으로 달서천에 서식하고 있는 나일틸라피아 개체군은 온배수로 인해 겨울철에도 생존이 가능하며, 안정적인 생활사를 유지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 수온이 10℃ 이상으로 상승하는 3월 이후부터는 달서천에서 금호강으로 서식처 이동이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 금호강을 중심으로 나일틸라피아 개체군의 서식 분포 파악을 통해 나일틸라피아 개체군 관리 및 담수어류 종다양성 보존을 위한 하천관리 방안 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.735-744
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 장기억 과정에서의 변화점을 빨리 검출하는 베이지안 추론방법에 대해 알아본다. 장기억 과정에서의 베이지안 추정은 장기억 모수값에 따라 전체 자료에 대한 부분차분을 계산해야 하기 때문에 수행시간이 많이 걸린다는 문제가 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 장기억 모수공간을 그룹화하여 순서형으로 범주화시킨 후 설명력이 가장 높은 범주의 대표값을 선택하게 하였다. 이 방법은 초기단계에서 범주의 대표값에 대해 한번씩만 부분차분을 계산하면 되기 때문에, 매번 계산해야 하는 추정하는 방법보다, 특히 시계열자료의 수가 많은 경우, 상대적으로 빠른 베인지안 추론이 가능하다. 또한 장기억 모수공간이 (0,0.5) 이기 때문에 모수공간을 적절하게 그룹화한다면 장기억 모수를 선택하는 것이 모수를 추정하는 것에 비해 큰 차이가 없다. 이 논문에서는 나일강 수위자료 실증분석을 통해 제안된 방법의 타당성을 확인해본다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.112-124
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• 2011

Textile and clothing in Ancient Egypt have carried long history and tradition. Especially, Egyptian textile culture, created mostly by the Copt, has the originality of weaving technology and the artistic beauty of the weaving motifs, making the textiles comparable to modern textiles. The purpose of this study is to research on the characteristics of Coptic textile designs of ancient Egypt and the tunic, a basic garment made of Coptic textiles, and offer materials for the development of the textiles and designs with artistic values which can be shared in the modern era, not just for the research of the relics of the past. Therefore, this study will follow the historical background of Coptic textiles and the process of the development, and look into the distinct features under the categories of material, colors and motifs. In addition, the tunic and its weaving technology will be explained and this will help understand the originality of Coptic textiles. The scope of this study is limited to the period of the 3rd to 12th centuries when the Egyptian weaving technologies advanced dramatically and many of the ancient Egyptian textiles discovered from the grave goods dates back, the research methode of the tunic as well as books published at home and abroad, research paper and photograph works. The textiles had developed along the Egyptian history which was influenced by different cultures such as Greek, Roman, pagan, Christian, and later, Islamic. For the textiles, they used a variety of pictorial motifs including Greek goddesses, pastoral scenes related to the Nile River and animals, human figures, geometrical figures and Christian icons. They are symbolic, natural, and mythological characters, and this explains that the world views and religions of the weavers influenced the development of specific motifs. Coptic textiles was used to make a tunic, a simple straight-sided gown without sleeves worn by men and women and was woven in a combination of linen plain weave and woolen tapestry weave for a tunic. Not only the excellence of the weaving technologies and the beauty of the colors used in the textiles, but also the diversity of the textures through weaving, embroidery, and knotting are detected in Coptic textiles.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2019

Chlorella vulgaris was isolated from the Nile River, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, for possible use in biodiesel production. BG-II nutrient growth media was used for isolation and laboratory growth. Identification was performed via 18S rRNA gene amplification, followed by sequencing. The alga was exposed to UV-C (254 nm) for 15, 30, and 45 s to improve dry weight accumulation and to increase the oil production. Daily measurements of dry weight ($g{\cdot}l^{-1}$) were performed; oil content and volumetric lipid productivity were also determined. UV-C exposure led to an increase in the volumetric lipid productivity by 27, 27.3, and $32.4mg{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ with 15, 30, and 45 s, respectively, as compared with the control, which resulted in $18mg{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. Of the examined mutants, the one with the highest productivity was re-irradiated by UV-C (254 nm) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. For 15 s of exposure time, the oil content increased to 34%, while it was 31% at 30 s; further, it decreased to 22% at 45 and 60 s exposures. The fatty acid methyl ester profile was 82.22% in the first mutant at 45 s, compared with the wild strain that contained a total of 66.01% of FAs. Furthermore, the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl ester were observed in the mutant exposed for 45 s, and it reached 11.41%, which reduced the cetane number to 71.3.