• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other high-consequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-55
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• 2008

창업교육의 일환으로 인터넷 창업교육이 공공과 민간영역에서 다양하게 진행되고 있지만 수요자의 다양한 욕구를 충족시키고 창업성공에 이르게 하는 데는 부족함이 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 창업교육의 현황을 고찰한 뒤, 전자상거래지원센터에서 진행 중인 인터넷 창업교육 실태조사를 통해 교육생 만족도 및 교육내용에 중요도와 실제 교육반영도 조사를 통해 창업교육의 문제점과 발전방안을 모색해 보고자 한다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육생들의 연령, 학력, 교육동기와 창업교육 경험유무에 따라 교육만족도가 다르게 나타나, 이들의 요구에 기반한 다양한 형태의 맞춤식 교육이 요구된다. 둘째, 현재 진행되고 있는 기술적 요소에 대한 교육과 더불어 창업 리더십, 사업수행능력 등 인적 요소, 사업추진환경과 사업아이템 등 사업환경적 요소에 대한 교육 보강이 요구된다. 셋째, 창업 후 사후지원과 컨설팅, 수료생 커뮤니티 구축, 수료생간 아이템 연계 지원, 상호네트워킹, 멘토링 등 교육 후 관리의 중요성이 부각되었다. 본 논문은 이러한 조사분석을 통해 인터넷 창업의 성공적 지원을 위한 교육진행과 사후연계체제 구축을 통해 창업교육의 고도화 및 내실화 방안을 제시하고 있다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

우리나라는 글로벌 금융위기 이후 저성장과 경기 침체로 인해 고용의 불안이 증가되면서 창업으로 이어지는 사람들로 많아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 앞으로 창업을 하고자하는 예비창업자들에게 필요한 상황과 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 연구의 목적은 예비창업자의 심리적 특성, 창업준비 특성이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구를 하기 위해 인천지역 직장인의 고용에 불안한 비정규직과 퇴직을 앞둔 남성 144명과 여성 114명으로 설문조사 258개 데이터 사용하여 타당도와 신뢰도를 분석 하였다. 연구결과 예비창업자의 심리적 특성과 창업준비 특성에서 창업교육의 조절효과를 상호작용으로 투입 분석한 결과 위험감수성향과 창업준비 기간이 창업교육에 유의한 결과로 나타났다. 또한 창업교육의 필요성과 중요성을 높게 인식할수록 창업교육에 미치는 영향은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 창업을 하고 싶지만 실패에 대한 두려움을 가진 조사 대상자들에게도 자신감을 줄 수 있는 의미 있는 연구라 할 수 있다. 앞으로 예비창업자들에게 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 분석 창업을 하기 전 자신감을 부여하며 정부의 창업제도 정책에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

오늘날 선사 간 제휴 및 기술진보 등 세계 해운환경의 급격한 변화로 항만 간 경쟁이 더욱 치열해지고 있으며, 이에 따라 항만물류서비스를 제공하는 항만공사와 터미널 운영사 간의 협력이 매우 중요하다 하겠다. 항만들은 터미널운영사와 다양한 방식으로 임대 계약을 체결하고 있으며, 터미널 운영사는 산정된 임대료 하에서 최적 운임을 결정하여 수익을 창출하고 있다. 이와 같은 상황에서 본 연구는 항만공사와 터미널운영사의 상호 이익을 극대화하는 계약 방식 도출을 목적으로 하고 있다. 즉, 본 연구는 항만공사의 이익 극대화에 초점을 맞춘 기존 연구들과 달리, 항만공사와 터미널 운영사 간의 공유이익 극대화 측면에서 최적화 계약방식을 도출하고자 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 항만공사와 터미널 운영사 간의 네 가지 유형의 계약방식들을 과점시장 모형인 Non-cooperation, Cooperation, Cournot 및 Collusion 모델을 상호 비교하여 각 모형의 균형을 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과 two-part tariff 계약방식이 fixed contract 및 unit contract 계약방식에 비해 항만공사와 터미널운영사간의 공유이익이 많이 창출되는 것으로 분석되고 있다. 이는 two-part tariff 계약방식의 경우 항만공사와 터미널운영사가 수익과 위험을 상호 공유하므로 터미널 운영사는 보다 많은 물동량 확보를 위해 노력을 하게 됨에 따라 공유 이익이 극대화되는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 향후 항만공사와 터미널운영자 간의 항만임대료 및 운임 결정을 위한 의사결정과정에서 중요한 이론적 토대를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare old standard EN 954-1 and new standard EN ISO 13849-1 through case study and provide necessity of adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 in Korea. Background: International and EU harmonized standard EN ISO 13849 "safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control system" is classified into Part 1: General principles for design and Part 2: Validation. EN ISO 13849-1 standard was introduced in Official Journal of the European Union on September 8, 2009 as harmonized standard, and old standard EN 954-1 was withdrawn on December 31, 2011. So, EU decided to use of EN ISO 13849-1 standard forcibly from January 1, 2012 for safety of machinery. New machines need to be CE marked if they are to be placed on the market in the European Economic Area(EEA), Switzerland or Turkey, and Korean machine builder should apply EN ISO 3849-1 standard for safety of machinery accordingly. However, current Korean Safety Certification system(KCs mark) for dangerous machinery is not referred to EN ISO 13849-1 standard as safety standard. There is a need of research for adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard in Korea as safety standards for new design of safety-related control system which use mostly electronic components. Method: Five case studies of representative designs for safety-related control system in accordance with EN 954-1were selected according to safety category from B to 4. And these five representative designs were tried to change new design in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1 standard. The results of comparison were analyzed in aspect of economy and technical complexity. Results: The results showed that EN ISO 13849-1 provided quantitative method of application and it enabled designers to create safety-related control systems that require fewer components and less wiring, with many of the components being to a lower specification and, therefore, less costly. Conclusion: EN ISO 13849-1 standard is good for electronic safety-related control systems compare to EN 954-1. By considering the importance of application of EN ISO 13849-1 and benefits, the application of EN ISO 13849-1 as safety standard for safety of machinery is urgent in Korea. Application: The results of comparing EN 954-1 and EN ISO 13849-1 standard might help to determine the adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard for safety of industrial machinery in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between internet game addiction and emotional and behavioral characteristics of students both in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school and in middle school. Methods : Two elementary schools and two middle schools were chosen to participate. The students completed selfreport questionnaires designed by the authors, called the Internet Game Addiction Scale, Korean youth self-report (K-YSR). Results : Compared to previous studies, the rates of those in the obvious game addiction group were much lower in this study. We defined the upper 10% of internet game addiction scores as a high risk user group and the lower 10% as a control group. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to the the ages at which internet gaming began, the frequency of game play per week, and the average length of each game playing session. Significant associations were also found between the level of internet game addiction and the withdrawn and delinquency subscales of the K-YSR. However, the association between game addiction and the withdrawn subscale was found only in middle school students. Conclusion : The findings from this study suggested that withdrawn and delinquent behaviors could be predictors of internet game addiction. Results also suggested the importance of early childhood intervention for preventing the development of more severe psychopathology in early adolescence.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2000

Considering the rapid change of modern nursing knowledge, it is necessary to make changes in the curriculum of nursing education periodically according to the patient-nursing needs and the students' needs. This means that nursing education has to provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Also, as the students of the RN-BSN program being all registered nurses, the education program for them is planned differently from the general undergraduate program. This study was conducted to establish the scope of educational contents of pediatric nursing in RN-BSN program. The contents of the pediatric nursing curriculum and its necessity was identified and reviewed. From June 5 to June 30 2000, data were collected from 309 RN-BSN students in 5 nursing schools. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by their researchers and the Korean Nursing Association and consisted of items according to the curriculum contents of pediatric nursing. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentages and was analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 programs. The results were as follows: 1.In the section surveying on the credits of pediatric theory and clinical practice, 3 out of 5 schools had 2 credits in theory (60.0%), and 2 credits for clinical practice in 2 schools, and 2 credits were given to the elective practice in 2 other schools. 2. In analyzing the degree of demand for lecture and clinical practice, 52.1% of students preferred lectures to be given by professors and 53.7% preferred their level of undergraduate knowledge updated and finally most of the students (81.9%) didn't want to do the clinical practice. 3.The students weighted the importance of current curriculum contents as follows : sex education of adolescence(60.8%), high-risk infant(59.5%), sex education of school age children(59.2%), the handicapped children (55.7%), health assessment(52.4%), children with pneumonia(51.5%), children with asthma (47.1%), children with burns(41.1%). In conclusion, there is a need for research to measure the degree of education satisfaction and needs in RN-BSN students and to improve the curriculum contents in pediatric nursing.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.163-178
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• 1993

HSGP 이후 Social Studies 속에서 거의 사라져 가던 美國의 學校地理가 1990년대에 "中核敎科"로 다시 부상하는 動的 過程은, 地理敎育의 位相이 흔들리고 있는 우리의 실정에 여러 측면에서 他山之石이 될 수 있다. 본교는 1980년대 이후 美國의 地理敎育 復興運動을 主要爭點, 主導的 役割遂行者, 主要 成果에 달라 제 1 기(1980년-1984년), 제 2 기(1985년-1989년), 제 3 기(1990년-현재)의 세시기로 나누어 살펴 보았으며, 이를 통해 地理敎育의 개선을 위한 示唆點들을 추출하였다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2014

It is necessary to calculate prime cost of medical services accurately in order to evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. This paper aims to identify cost analysts' perception on prime cost of medical services and needs in establishing a cost accounting system in hospitals, proposing future directions and guidelines for the calculation of medical fee. A self-administered questionnaire and telephone survey on operation of a hospital cost-accounting system was conducted in November, 2012, among cost analysts currently working in the hospitals and hospital administrators planning to implement the hospital cost-accounting system. Our study shows that most of the cost analysts were aware of the importance of calculating prime cost and responded that collection of the prime cost data from government is necessary although they are less likely to provide the data in the future concerning the risk of data misuse and data security. They also responded that lack of budget allocation and excessive workload were the main reasons for not estimating the prime cost and operating cost management information system. Results show that hospital cost analysts considered the data accuracy is the most critical factor in calculating prime costs of medical services. However, there was no investment budget allocated in some hospitals or limited to less than 100 million, indicating that hospitals are reluctant to invest on implementing the cost accounting system. Respondents stated the organization that collects the prime cost of medical services among hospitals should display strong analytical capabilities, ensure data security, and maintain independence, which is most demanded. There are 57 hospitals that calculated the prime cost of medical services for 2012 by each medical department and 20 hospitals that calculated the prime cost by fee-for-services, aiming to establish a cost accounting system. Our results indicate that hospitals should voluntarily provide the accurate prime cost for medical services in order to properly evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. Consequently, it is critical to establish an independent organization to collect and appraise the data. It is also recommended that government should implement various policies to encourage hospitals to participate in the data collection to achieve the data accuracy and representativeness.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 1995

체지방이 30% 이상으로 비만이라 판정되는 20~62세의 지원자들에게 저열량 균형식, 무리하지 않은 유산소 운동 및 개인별 비만의 원인을 교정하고 평생체중을 조절하기 위한 영양상담과 교육을 포함한 행동수정을 통해 5주 동안 비만을 치료하고 성인병과 관련된 위험 요인들의 변화를 살펴보았다. 활동량, 식습관, 식이섭취조사를 실시하여 개인별 비만의 원인을 진단한 후 잘못된 식생활을 교정할 수 있도록 주 3회의 영양상담과 매주 1회의 영양교육을 실시하였다. 식이요법은 1일 1끼의식사와 3회의 조제식이를 통해 열량이 1200kcal 정도가 되고, 양질의 단백질, 비타민, 무기질은 성인 권장량의 100~150% 이상이 되도록 하였다. 식전에 식이섬유와 물을 복용하고 식사 기간은 20분 이상으로 천천히 섭취하도록 하였으며, 투긴음식, 가공식품, 패스트 푸두, 술, 청량음료, 달고 기름진 음식, 짜고 자극적인 음식 등은 제한하였다. 주당 3~5일간 1시간 정도의 가벼운 유산소 체조를 실험대상자 저원이 모여서 실시하였다. 먹은 식품, 활동, 운동, 감정상태, 피로여부 등을 일지로서 기록하게 하여 삼담을 통해 교정하고 관찰하여 긍정적인 내적동기를 갖도록 교육하였다. 비만치료 기간 중 탈락한 수는 총 16명 중 5명 (31.3%)이었으며, 비만도는 대상자의 대부분이 경증이고, 불규칙적인 식사, 빨리 먹는 습관, 과식, 짜게 먹는 습관, 야식, 음주 등의 비만의 원인이 되는 습관들을 가지고 있어 식습관 점수는 개선이 요구된다고 진단되었다. 5주동안의 비만치료로 체중은 평균 4.8kg(주당 0.96kg)이 감량 되었으며, 체지방, body mass index, 허리, 팔, 둔부의 둘레가 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈압, 공복시의 혈당, 혈액증의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤은 변화가 없었으나, LDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 감소하였다.