• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

It is important to select a risk based priority area for environmental policy formation and decision-making. We estimated the health risks and associated damage costs from exposure to fine particles and assigned priority areas for twenty -five districts in Seoul. In order to estimate the theoretical mortality incidence of the health risk, baseline risks were estimated from mortality rates in two low level areas of fine particles, Seocho Gu and Cheju city To estimate the damage cost from the risk estimates, we investigated and estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) for specific risk reduction. We assumed two different locations as the reference area, Cheju city as Scenario I and Seocho gu as Scenario II. From the results, the five districts, Kwangjin, Chungnang, Kangbuk, Nowon, and Kangnam, ranked high in the categories of both health risk and economic risk. Damage costs were over twenty billion won in each of these districts. As there are uncertainties in these results, the parameter values such as PM$_{2.5}$ level, dose -response slope factor, baseline risk, exposure population and WTP should be continuously validated and refined.d.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.849-858
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• 2009

Risk caused by safety-critical instrumentation and control (I&C) systems considerably affects overall plant risk. As digitalization of safety-critical systems in nuclear power plants progresses, a risk model of a digitalized safety system is required and must be included in a plant safety model in order to assess this risk effect on the plant. Unique features of a digital system cause some challenges in risk modeling. This article aims at providing an overview of the issues related to the development of a static fault-tree-based risk model. We categorize the complicated issues of digital system probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) into four groups based on their characteristics: hardware module issues, software issues, system issues, and safety function issues. Quantification of the effect of these issues dominates the quality of a developed risk model. Recent research activities for addressing various issues, such as the modeling framework of a software-based system, the software failure probability and the fault coverage of a self monitoring mechanism, are discussed. Although these issues are interrelated and affect each other, the categorized and systematic approach suggested here will provide a proper insight for analyzing risk from a digital system.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2004

Consumers require various quality characteristics including safety. The reduction of risk concerned on product safety becomes an urgent issue in leading companies. The strategy for customer satisfaction by choosing attractive quality characteristic is not enough for risk reduction in view of producer. This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics and risk characteristics by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows its application for complex equipment.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

A sea dike construction has been increased in Korea because of the actively deployed reclamation project in basis of efficient application in land. The degree of completion in sea dike construction is affected by final closing construction, which has a lot of uncertainty that often results in higher accidents rate. Therefore, this research identified risk factors of final closing construction and classified them. This research examines the likelihood and its impact for each risk factor and calculates the risk degree as to the risk matrix. Based on this, the impact and the environmental conditions that affect to risk factors are investigated and further responsive methods are established for each risk factor. Ultimately, this research attempts to provide the risk retrenchment method for inspectors by proposing risk estimation model, responsive action list, and risk management process.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.796-805
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• 2008

Safety Management of Korean railway industry has been rapidly changed into a risk-based approach adopted by developed countries since Railway Safety Act 2004, Rolling Stock Risk Assessment Guidance and its following regulations came into force. The fundamental requirements for the risk-based safety management is to carry out a systematic hazard identification and quantified risk analyses including cost-benefit analyses, but there has been rare a serious discussion over risk acceptance criteria and value of life in order to be able to judge the results of risk analyses and carry out cost-benefit analyses. This study presents the results of a review of risk acceptance criteria and value of life which may be adoped to Korean railway industry through the analyses with comparison of risk accepatnce principles and risk accepatnce criteria which have been already applied to other countries or other railway operators.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2013

Ship stability prediction is very complex in reality. In this paper, risk based approach is applied to predict the probability of a certified ship, which is effected by the forces of sea especially the wave loading. Safety assessment and risk analysis process are also applied for the probabilistic prediction of ship stability. The survival probability of ships encountering with different waves at sea is calculated by the existed statistics data and risk based models. Finally, ship capsizing probability is calculated according to single degree of freedom(SDF) rolling differential equation and basin erosion theory of nonlinear dynamics. Calculation results show that the survival probabilities of ship excited by the forces of the seas, especially in the beam seas status, can be predicted by the risk based method.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to establish the traffic volume-based warrants of right-turn lanes at unsignalized intersections and to introduce a risk probability methodology based on the warrants. METHODS : In this study, a risk probability of a potential rear-end collision is applied between a right-turn vehicle and the immediately following through vehicle. Using the shifted negative exponential model and the compound probability theorem, the risk probability can be expressed as the function of directional volumes and the percentage of right-turns for a two-lane and four-lane highway, respectively. RESULTS : Based on the risk probablity, guidelines for installing right-turn lanes on two-lane and four-lane highways were developed. The risk probability also showed rationality by comparing with right-turn same-direction conflicts observed in-situ. CONCLUSIONS : The results of our study define the total approaching volumes to encourage a right-turn lane as a function of operating speed, percentage of right-turn, and number of lanes.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2014

The new paradigm of dentistry require the detection of caries in their earlier stages. To achieve this, a high technology detection device and systematic and organized caries management system are needed. Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) model is representative caries management system that satisfied new paradigm. Dental caries prevention and treatment according to CAMBRA model is patient-centered, risk-based, evidence-based practice. Therefore, individual caries management such as CAMBRA should be performed through accurate assessment of caries disease indicators and comprehensive assessment of caries risk factors and protective factors. Based on the CAMBRA better effectiveness of comprehensive dental caries management including non-surgical treatment will be accomplished.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 환자의 자세를 기반으로 행동을 예측하여, 의료진에 의해 입력된 개인의 병력 중심의 프로파일과 신체정보, 침상의 기본 정보를 모두 조합하여 침대에서의 낙상 위험을 예측하는 모델을 설계하고, 위험의 수준을 판단할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 낙상 위험 예측은 크게 환자의 프로파일을 활용한 정성적 낙상 위험 노출도 평가와 실시간 낙상 위험 측정 단계로 구분된다. 정성적 낙상 위험 노출도는 의료진이 낙상 위험과 관련된 환자의 건강 상태를 점검하여 위험 노출도를 평가함으로써 위험 등급이 결정된다. 실시간 낙상 위험 측정 단계에서는 환자의 침대에서의 자세를 인식하고 환자의 정성적 위험등급 정보가 고려된 낙상 위험 측정을 위한 규칙 기반 정보를 추출한다. 인식된 환자 자세 정보와 정성적 위험평가 정보를 모두 조합하여 시그모이드 함수를 활용하여 최종 낙상 위험 수준을 예측한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 절차와 예측 모델은 입원 환자를 위한 낙상 사고 예방과 환자 안전을 위한 개인화 서비스에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.187-216
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• 2008

Risk regarding the possibility of loss can be especially problematic. If a loss is certain to occur, it may be planned for in advance and treated as a definite, known expense. It is when there is uncertainty about the occurrence of a loss that risk becomes an important problem. The word risk is often used in connection with insurance. No one generally accepted definition of risk exists, however. Of the many definitions, two distinctive ones are commonly used. One defines risk as the variation in possible outcomes of an event based on chance. That is, the greater the number of different outcomes that may occur, the greater the risk. Another way of expressing this concept is to state: The greater the variation around an average expected loss, the greater the risk. The second definition of risk is the uncertainty concerning a possible loss. The definition of risk as a useful one because it focuses attention on the degree of risk in given situations. The degree of risk is a measure of the accuracy with which the outcome of an event based on chance can be predicted. For now, it will serve our purpose to note the more accurate the prediction of the outcome of an event based on chance, the lower the degree of risk. After sources of risks are identified and measured, a decision can be made as to how the risk should be handled. A pure risk that is not identified does not disappear, the business merely loses the opportunity to consciously decide on the best technique for dealing with that risk. The process used to systematically manage risk exposures is known as risk management. Some persons use the term risk management only in connection with businesses, and often the term refers only to the management of pure risks. In this sense, the traditional risk management goal has been to minimize the cost of pure risk to the company. But as firms broaden the ways that they view and manage many different types of risk, the need for new terminology has become apparent. The terms integrated risk management and enterprise risk management reflect the intent to manage all forms of risk, regardless of type. International trade transaction is called between countries has features of globalism, cultural gap, long distance and long terms for the transaction. It is riskier than domestic transaction has its specific risks, such as foreign exchange risk and political risk, and requires various active risk management skills. Risks in relation to the international trade transaction are the contract risk, transit risk and payment risk, etc. The risk management in relation to the international trade transaction is to identify and measure these risks. The purpose of this study is to analyse the practical problems and its solution plan by analyzing various cases related to the risk management of bill of lading in the international trade transaction.