• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2022

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a basic component in the electronics industry and are widely used in nearly all electronic products, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and digital cameras, as well as in electric equipment. PCB manufacturing involves the use of many chemicals and chemical processes and therefore has more risks than other manufacturing sectors. This study aims to identify the causes of possible accidents during PCB manufacturing through risk assessment, develop and implement safety measures, and evaluate the effectiveness of these measures. Note that the safety measures developed to mitigate the risks of a certain process were also implemented for other similar processes. The risk assessments conducted over seven years, from 2015 to 2021, at a PCB manufacturing company identified 361 hazardous processes. Between 2016 and 2019, 41-56 hazardous processes were identified per year; such processes decreased to fewer than 20 per year after 2020. Application of the risk assessment results to the improvement of the hazardous processes with the similar characteristics seems to be effective in decreasing the risks. Equipment-related factors such as lack of appropriate maintenance, low work standards, and defective protection devices were responsible for 59.8% of all possible accidents. Because PCB manufacturing involves many chemicals, skin contact with hazardous substances, electric shock, fire, and explosion were the most common types of possible accidents (81.7%). In total, 505 safety measures were implemented, including 157 related to purchase and improvement of equipment and devices for safety (31.1%), 147 related to the installation/modification of fire prevention facilities (29.1%), and 69 related to the use of standard electrical appliances (13.7%). Risk assessment conducted after implementing the safety measures showed that these measures significantly decreased risk; 247 processes (68.4%) had a risk level of 3, corresponding to "very low," and 114 processes (31.6%) showed a risk level of 4, corresponding to "low." In particular, risk assessment of 104 processes with risk scores of 12 and 10 other processes with risk score of 16 showed that the risk decreased to 4 after implementing the safety measures. Thus, implementing these measures in similar manufacturing sectors that involve chemical processes can mitigate risk.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

The uncertainty of a project generates risks hindering the goal achievement of the project, and the risks affect the success or failure of the project significantly. Risk management, a part of the project management, includes various processes, and there are also various tools or techniques applicable to that. In an organization, the application of project management develops gradually from low to high maturity, and the organization should choose and implement a method of application proper for the level of its maturity. This article suggests a method to reduce inefficiency of the management and how to apply risk management by levels of maturity for easier application. For this, the stages of project management maturity levels were divided into the introduction, development, and maturity step, and methods of risk management suitable for each stage were applied. And methods of risk management that need to be applied by the levels of project maturity are divided into three factors : risk management processes, risk management tools and techniques, and risk management standards and templates. It is expected to be favorable approaches for the application of risk management in an organization to divide those factors into more concrete processes, tools, techniques, and standards and apply them by the levels of management maturity.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2008

The reduction of risk within the workplace has long been focus of attention both through industry initiatives and legislation. Exposure matrices according to industries and processes treated DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) were constructed based on KOSHA (Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency)'s 2005 exposure database which were gathered from Korean agencies of workplace hazards evaluation for business place. These exposure matrices were assessed by danger value (DV) that was calculated from combination of hazard rating, duration of use rating, and risk probability rating of exposure to chemical hazardous agents in accordance with Hallmark Risk Assessment Tool. The results of risk assessment is divided four kinds of control bands which were related with control measures. The applicability of risk assessment using exposure matrices was performed by field study and survey for high matrices group. This study found that more attentions should be paid to two industries, manufacture of sewn wearing apparel and manufacture of textiles, among 19 industries, and to 3 processes, coating, processing & mixing, and lab, among 80 processes because those were regarded as having the highest risk.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.189-215
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• 2011

업무환경의 변화와 불확실성의 증대로 인해 위험관리의 중요성이 날로 부각되는 상황에서 업무의 정당성 확보와 정보적 가치 제고를 위해 기록관리 측면의 위험관리 역시 매우 중요해지고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 기록관리의 위험성이 주로 보존기능에 집중되어 있었다면 IT기반에서는 업무와 기록의 연관성이 높아짐에 따라 기록의 생산, 유통, 활용 단계 즉 업무과정의 위험성이 기록관리의 위험성으로 직결되고 있다. 본 연구는 ISO 31000의 조직 전반의 위험관리 프레임웍을 토대로 기록관리의 위험관리 요소와 대응 전략을 제시하였다. 특히 기록관리 위험관리 프로세스를 ARMA에서 제시하는 업무영역과 NIST에서 제시한 시스템영역으로 구분하고, 각 영역의 프로세스별 점검요소는 ISO의 기록관리표준 중에서 업무과정에 대한 표준(ISO TR 26122)와 기록의 생산 맥락에 대한 표준(ISO 16175-3)에서 해당 요소를 추출하였다.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2001년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.376-383
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• 2001

This study reviewed the national standards for risk management to judge whether they are suitable for a product safety management program. Among the standards issued from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, and UK, the risk management guideline (AS/NZS 4360: 2000) issued jointly from both Australia and New Zealand have better features of product safety management program such as a broad definition of risk concept including opportunities of loss and gain, stepwise composition of processes applicable iteratively, and integrable composition of processes for the existing other management practice. Comparing the three product safety management programs suggested by several authors yielded common features of product safety management program model: (1) organization for product safety, (2) risk identification, (3) risk evaluation, (4) risk treatment, (5) monitoring/communication, and (6) documentation. All of these activities can be performed within risk management framework.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1414-1418
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• 2009

International construction projects typically manifest difficult, complex, and varied types of risk exposures; because of this, there is a need for accurate evaluation of risk-integrated performances during the timeframe of project execution. Given the financial crisis currently affecting the world economy recession, risk management has become a more crucial part for the success of international project management. However, the majority of risk management approaches, particularly for overseas projects, are focused primarily on simple forms of checklists, formalization of risk variables affecting project performance for a specific phase, or more complicated computational methods that restricting practical utilization in real-world projects; moreover, these methods lack the conceptual basis to broadly visualize the level of risk over all phases of a project. This study suggests an efficient, yet simple risk-integrated total index to successfully assess the risk levels of overseas construction projects. To this end, this paper first investigates the life cycles and key processes of decision-making for a given project and then derives formulas to represent the total risk index (TRI) along the key decision-making processes. In addition, the study examines the relationships between TRI and performance levels based on the analysis of 126 real-world project samples. Validations using the proposed TRI showed a high correlation to project performance, signifying the usefulness of the proposed approach for construction firms when investigating the level of risks and key areas for management focus.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

This paper proposes a methodology to measure the risk level in real-time for Business Activity Monitoring (BAM). A decision-tree methodology was employed to analyze the effect of process attributes on the result of the process execution. In the course of process execution, the level of risk is monitored in real-time, and an early warning can be issued depending on the change of the risk level. An algorithm for estimating the risk of ongoing processes in real-time was formulated. Comparison experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The proposed method detects the risks of business processes more precisely and even earlier than existing approaches.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is studying the valuation of option prices in Incomplete markets. A market is said to be incomplete if the given traded assets are insufficient to hedge a contingent claim. This situation occurs, for example, when the underlying stock process follows jump-diffusion processes. Due to the jump part, it is impossible to construct a hedging portfolio with stocks and riskless assets. Contrary to the case of a complete market in which only one equivalent martingale measure exists, there are infinite numbers of equivalent martingale measures in an incomplete market. Our research here is focusing on risk minimizing hedging strategy and its associated minimal martingale measure under the jump-diffusion processes. Based on this risk minimizing hedging strategy, we characterize the dynamics of a risky asset and derive the valuation formula for an option price. The main contribution of this paper is to obtain an analytical formula for a European option price under the jump-diffusion processes using the minimal martingale measure.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1993

Recently, a large amount of flammable or explosive materials have been handled or stored in chemical industries. H the equipments fail or the materials release in consequence of operation errors, fire and explosion could occur to them. Thus, risk assessment using quantification of risks is very important when design of processes and modifications of installed processes are performed. The purpose of this study is to develop the program for fire and explosion index in order to quantify the expected damage of fire and explosion incidents in chemical plants, to identify equipment that would be likely to contribute to the creation or escalation of an incident, to comunicate the potential fire and explosion risk to management and to account of damage cost.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2012

Risk management is the process that helps to identify hazards, analyze them, and then to create an action plan to avoid and mitigate these hazards. The main objective of risk management in product development and manufacturing is to provide safe and efficient products without spending too many resources. Medical device manufacturers also face enormous risks - regulatory, legal, and financial - based on their products and processes, and the concepts of risk management are particularly important because any single failure may result in serious damages to body or loss of life. In this regard, a set of guidelines for the application of risk management to medical devices has been issued by ISO and specified in the document ISO 14971 Medical devices - Application of risk management to medical devices. The main objective of this study is to investigate the application of risk management to dental implant development and manufacturing processes based on ISO 14971. A general risk management process is first introduced, and the application of ISO 14971 to dental implants is further investigated.