• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2006

Varicella, which is mostly a benign disease, but also can cause considerable health burden in the community, can be prevented by immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine. Higher uptake of varicella vaccine by universal immunization in North America has apparently been associated with decline in the number of reported cases of varicella, varicella-related hospitalizations, and the number of deaths caused by complications of varicella. On the contrary, there has been some reluctance in endorsing varicella vaccine for universal immunization in most of European countries. Concerns include unanticipated outbreaks of varicella among vaccine recipients, risk of varicella among unvaccinated adults, risk of herpes zoster among vaccinees as well as unvaccinees. Recently developed measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella combination vaccine and herpes zoster vaccine that may be licensed in the upcoming years may be the solution for varicella vaccine to be utilized in a greater scale. In Korea several varicella vaccine products have been utilized since late 1980. The adoption of varicella vaccine for universal immunization since 2005 along with the changing view in varicella prevention strategy mandates more studies for immunogenecity and efficacy of varicella vaccines as well as more surveillance to delineate the changes in epidemiology of varicella in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2009

In the steel industry, steel is manufactured and processed to produce a variety of steel products. The industry provides fundamental materials to the whole range of industries including car, ship, electric appliance and construction industries, so that it is very important as an infrastructure industry. The steel manufacture process involves aerial work, many danger factors caused by the treatment with hazardous gases including BFG and COG and by high pressure gases including H2, O2, N2 and LPG. It requires the management over the large area because many workers work in a plant. The potential dangers in the steel plant were identified and the effect of the danger assessment was verified through the analysis of the danger assessment for the steel plant. The allowed degree of danger was lowered after the improvement through the danger assessment in the plant where the case studies were conducted, which indicates that the danger assessment is highly effective.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.21.1-21.5
• /
• 2013

Cholesterol gallstones are a digestive disease of high prevalence that has many risk factors; for this reason, research has focused mainly on how to prevent it rather than how to treat it. Many molecules of the hepatic, bile and intestinal systems are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, making it very difficult to find a therapeutic target. The pharmacological treatment is limited, so when gallstones generate symptoms, medical treatment indicates gallbladder removal. Ursodeoxycholic acid is used to dissolve cholesterol stones, and ezetimibe and statins are other drugs with possible applications in the treatment of this disease. Given the small number of drugs that have been developed for treating this disease, the research of natural products becomes of paramount importance. Resources such as black radish, glucosinolates, fenugreek, capsaicin, curcumin, garlic, and onion, have all shown significant effects in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. In this review, we made a synthesis of the scientific reports that deal with these natural products and that can serve as antecedents for finding a way to treat the most common disease of the gallbladder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.18
• /
• pp.7869-7873
• /
• 2014

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.2035-2040
• /
• 2016

Background: Several studies have pointed to roles of dietary and food groups in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but information on dietary patterns among women with breast cancer and their healthy counterparts in Iran is limited. Therefore the present investigation was conducted in Guilan province in 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 450 women with breast cancer and one of their relatives (third-rank) were investigated. At first the phone numbers of patients in Razi Hospital in radiotherapy and chemotherapy and oncology centers of Guilan were taken. Data were collected through telephone interviews by the researcher. The questionnaire had two parts comprising demographic clinical and food frequency data including a list of 40 food items. To analyze the variables, Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression models were used. Results: In each group, 225 subjects were investigated. The majority of samples in both groups of experiment and control were consumed than two glasses of milk and dairy products per day. Regarding consumption of meat and its products, 56% of the cancer group had more than three servings per day while 26.7% of the control group had less than 2 servings per day. The majority of subjects had less than six servings of cereal per day. Some 54. 7 % of the cancer and 62.2 % of the control group consumed less than two servings of fruit per day. Consumption of vegetables in experimental and control groups were 52.9% and 76.9% respectively, more than five servings per day. There was a meaningful difference between two groups regarding the consumption of milk and dairy items (OR=0.6,95%CI= 0.4-0.9), meat and its products (OR=0.49,95%CI=0.3-0.7), bread and cereals (OR=0.4,95%CI=0.2-0.8), vegetables (OR=0.5,95%CI= 0.3-0.9). (P-value<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of informing women, particularly those at higher risk of breast cancer, in relation to dietary factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.21
• /
• pp.9543-9547
• /
• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possible risk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: A study of dietary habits and breast cancer was conducted among 53 Iranian women with histological confirmed disease and 40 matched controls. A dietary habits questionnaire was used to evaluate the pattern of selected food intakes. The risk of cancer was analyzed after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, educational status, parity, lactation, marital status, menopause, history of estrogen therapy, and family history of breast disease or cancer were assessed among participants. Special attention was given to the relationship between consumption of high fat meat, milk, yogurt and cheese as well use of frying oils for frying foods, use of olive/liquid oils for cooking, removing fat from meat and poultry, removing chicken skin and not use of mayonnaise as salad dressing and the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, salad, vegetable and fruit consumption, and eating outdoors owere investigated. Results: Our results revealed significant lower education and higher BMI and waist circumference levels in patients with breast cancer. There was significantly increased breast cancer risk in overweight women in comparison with normal weight (OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24 to 6.82). High intake of fat dairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breast cancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Use of olive/liquid oils for cooking and avoidance of mayonnaise as salad dressing are related to lower risk of breast cancer. The frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. Conclusions: Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet could be an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.841-848
• /
• 2013

Background: The incidence of various types of cancers including the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased during the recent years. Diet and lifestyle factors have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of NHL. However, no such data are available from the Middle Eastern countries, including Oman. Materials and Methods: Forty-three histologically confirmed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and the Royal Hospital (RH), Muscat, Oman and forty-three age and gender matched controls were the subjects of this study. Frequency matching was used to select the control population. Information on social and demographic data as well as the dietary intake was collected by personal interviews, using a 117-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: A non-significant increased risk of NHL was observed with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.45, 2.93), whereas a significantly decreased risk of NHL was associated with a higher educational level (OR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.53). A significantly increased risk was observed for higher intake of energy (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 0.94, 7.57), protein (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 0.54, 4.10) and carbohydrates (OR=5.32, 95%CI: 1.78, 15.86). Higher consumption of daily servings from cereals (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 0.87, 12.09) and meat groups (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 0.58, 4.15) were also found to be associated with risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was associated with higher consumption of vegetables (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.82). The consumption of fruits, milk and dairy products however showed no significant association with the risk of developing NHL. Conclusion: The results suggest that obesity, high caloric intake, higher consumption of carbohydrate and protein are associated with increased risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was observed with higher intake of vegetables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.4173-4176
• /
• 2015

The aim of this cross-sectional analytic study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection in an urban area of Northeastern Thailand. The participants were 254 household representatives aged 15 years or older living in the most urbanised part of Chiang Yuen municipality in Mahasarakham Province. All participants provided stool samples which were examined using the modified Kato-Katz procedure, and a structured interview questionnaire was used to collection demographic information, knowledge about OV infection, and the consumption of unsafely prepared freshwater fish. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The overall prevalence of OV infection was 15.0%, and in the multivariate analysis male gender was found to be significantly and positively associated with OV infection ($OR_{adj}=9.75$, 95%CI: 34.03-23.58) while education to secondary school level or above was a significant protective factor ($OR_{adj}=0.30$, 95%CI: 0.12-0.74). The eating of unsafely prepared fish and knowledge about OV were not significantly related to infection status. The findings were discussed in terms of issues for future research, especially the need to consider the possibility of higher rates of OV infection in urban areas than might be expected and to investigate the sources of infected fish products which may well be different from those in rural villages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.5123-5125
• /
• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is one the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of dietary factors and health status indicators on breast cancer (BC) incidence. Materials and Methods: Risk factor data (RFD) of 89,404 individuals (15-64 years old) were gathered by questionnaire and laboratory examinations through a cross sectional study from the Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (NCDSC) of Iran. BC incidences of all provinces through 2001-2006 segregated by age and gender were obtained from the Cancer Registry Ministry of Health (CRMH). Results: a significant positive relationship was seen between diabetes mellitus, fish comsupmption, percent of academic education and non-consumption of fruit, and breast cancer in women. However, non fish consumption, percent age illiteracy and taking fruit showed a significant negative relationship with the incidence of breast cancer. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis showed associations among percentage with academic education, fruit consumption and diabetes. Conclusions: We conclude that dietary factors such as fish and furit consumption, dairy products, health status indicators, academic education, and some diseases like diabetes mellitus can affect the BC incidence, although the results of ecologic studies like this must naturally be interpreted with caution.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.927-938
• /
• 1998

Epidemiological studies have indicated that a relationship between overweight and cardiovascular disease exists. To assess the relationship of unfavorable changes in serum lipid concentrations, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), blood sugar and blood pressure to anthropometric variables, nutrient intakes and dietary behavior,64 obese children were chosen as subjects and 24-hour dietary intake, dietary behavior as well as blood pressure, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), three kinds of cholesterol concentrations were measured in November 1976. More than half(57.8%) of the children had serum cholesterol concentrations over 175mg/d1, and 26.6% of them had over 200mg/d1 and this group could be classified as a high risk group. Abdominal obesity as measured with waist circumference and waist hip ratio was negatively co..elated to high density lipop개tein(HDL) cholesterol. Dietary behavior rather than nutrient intakes appeared to have associations with unfavorable lipid profiles. Total dietary behavior scores and fish and bean product consumption had strong correlations with potentially atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations. This study suggests that fir the early prevention of cardiovascular disease, waist hip ratio together with obese rate should be included in selective programs to identify risk group of children in Korea. furthermore, interventions in cardiovascular disease risk groups in obese children should emphasize maintenance of ideal body weight through reducing body fat and adopting desirable dietary behaviors such as increasing intake of fish or bean products. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 927~938, 1998)