• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5C
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• pp.313-322
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• 2006

Liquefaction of soil foundation is one of the major seismic damage types for infrastructures. In this paper, deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the evaluation of liquefaction potential are briefly summarized and the risk assessment method is newly proposed using seismic fragility and seismic hazard analyses. Currently the deterministic approach is widely used to evaluate the liquefaction potential in Korea. However, it is very difficult to handle a certain degree of uncertainties in the soil properties such as elastic modulus and resistant capacity by deterministic approach, and the probabilistic approaches are known as more promising. Two types of probabilistic approaches are introduced including (1) the reliability analysis (to obtain probability of failure) for a given design earthquake and (2) the seismic risk analysis of liquefaction for a specific soil for a given service life. The results from different methods show a similar trend, and the liquefaction potential can be more quantitatively evaluated using the new risk analysis method.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of digital textbook use for potential risk group of internet addiction and average group. For this, I selected two samples. One was a group to use digital textbook at school, the other was a group not to use that. Then each potential risk group of internet addiction were sort out in two groups by a test of internet addiction. I firstly compared a average user group and a potential risk group of internet addiction in group to use digital textbook. Also, I too did that in group not to use digital textbook. Then I analyzed the relevance of using digital textbook and internet addiction. As a result, I found that using digital textbook have not the relevance with internet addiction. But in this paper, I proposed a way to teach ICT ethical training before students use the digital textbook, because most of potential risk students of internet addiction tend to think they was influenced by digital textbook.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.827-834
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• 2017

Android's inter-application access enriches its application ecosystem. However, it exposes security vulnerabilities where end-user data can be exploited by attackers. While existing techniques have focused on minimizing the risks of inter-application access, they either suffer from inaccurate risk detection or are primarily available to expert users. This paper introduces a novel technique that automatically analyzes potential risks between a set of applications, aids end-users to effectively assess the identified risks by crowdsourcing assessments, and generates an access control policy which prevents unsafe inter-application access at runtime. Our evaluation demonstrated that our technique identifies potential risks between real-world applications with perfect accuracy, supports a scalable analysis on a large number of applications, and successfully aids end-users' risk assessments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2017

Climate change is intensifying storms and floods around the world. Where nature has been destroyed by development, communities are at risk from these intensified climate patterns. This study was to suggest a methodology for estimating flood vulnerability using Potential Flood Damage(PFD) concept and classify city/county about Potential Flood Damage(PFD) using various typology techniques. To evaluate the PFD at a spatial resolutions of city/county units, the 20 representative evaluation indexing factors were carefully selected for the three categories such as damage target(FDT), damage potential(FDP) and prevention ability(FPA). The three flood vulnerability indices of FDT, FDP and FPA were applied for the 167 cities and counties in Korea for the pattern classification of potential flood damage. Potential Flood Damage(PFD) was classified by using grouping analysis, decision tree analysis, and cluster analysis, and characteristics of each type were analyzed. It is expected that the suggested PFD can be utilized as the useful flood vulnerability index for more rational and practical risk management plans against flood damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to deduct components that are in the group of highest risk(top 10%). the group is conducted for classification into groups by values according to risk priority through risk priority number(RPN) of FMEA(Failure modes and effects analysis) sheet. Top 10% of failure mode among total potential failure modes(72 failure modes) of ESS included 5 BMS(battery included) failure modes, 1 invert failure mode, and 1 cable connectors failure mode in which BMS was highest. This is because ESS is connected to module, try, and lack in the battery part as an assembly of electronic information communication and is managed. BMS is mainly composed of the battery module and communication module. There is a junction box and numerous connectors that connect these two in which failure occurs most in the connector part and module itself. Finally, this paper proposes RPN by each step from the starting step of ESS design to installation and operation. Blackouts and electrical disasters can be prevented beforehand by managing and removing the deducted risk factors in prior.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2009

CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is considered as the most promising interim solution to deal with the greenhouse gas such as $CO_2$ responsible for global warming. Even though carefully chosen geologic formations are known to contain stored gas for a long time period, there are potential risks of leakage. Up to now, applicable risk assessment procedures for the leakage of $CO_2$ are not available. This study presents a basis for risk analysis applicable to a complex geologic storage system. It starts with the classification of potential leakage pathways. Receptors and the leakage effect on them are identified and quantified. Then, a fault tree is constructed, which yields the minimum cut set (i.e., the most vulnerable leakage pathway) and quantifies the probability of the leakage risk through the cut set. The methodology will provide a tool for risk assessment in a CCS project. The outcomes of the assessment will not only ensure the safety of the CCS system but also offer a reliable and efficient monitoring plan.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to assess the potential of body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for massive hemorrhage (MH) after cesarean section (CS) in patients with placenta previa. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent CS for placenta previa between January 2010 and December 2018. MH was defined as an estimated blood loss ≥2,000 mL during surgery. Clinical characteristics, including BMI, were compared between the groups with and without MH. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors for MH. A total of 189 patients were included in this study. MH was observed in 28 patients (14.8%). According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis results, the risk factors independently associated with MH were BMI at delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.35; P=0.012), placenta accrete (aOR, 24.55; 95% CI, 2.75-219.02; P=0.004), and total previa degree (aOR, 9.86; 95% CI, 2.71-35.96; P=0.001). The study findings showed that maternal obesity, namely a higher BMI at delivery, was an independent risk factor for MH after CS in patients with placenta previa. Close attention should be paid to the potential risk of hemorrhage associated with maternal obesity as well as the well-known risk factors of placenta accreta and total previa degree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 2024

Static-electricity-induced fires and explosions persistently occur every year, averaging approximately 80 and 20 cases annually according to fire statistics provided by the National Fire Agency and industrial accident statistics provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, respectively. Despite the relatively low probabilities of these accidents, their potential risks are high. Consequently, effective risk assessment methodologies and accident investigation strategies are essential for efficiently managing static-electricity hazards in fire- and explosion-prone areas. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the causal variables essential for accident investigations, thereby facilitating risk assessments and the implementation of effective recurrence prevention measures to mitigate static-electricity hazards in fire-and explosion-prone regions. To this end, industrial accident statistics recorded over the past decade (2012 to 2021) by the Ministry of Employment and Labor were analyzed to identify major fire and explosion incidents and related industrial accidents wherein static electricity was identified as a potential ignition source. Subsequently, relevant investigation reports (63 cases) were thoroughly analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis, existing electrostatic fire and explosion risk assessment techniques were refined and augmented. Moreover, factors essential for investigating electrostatic fire and explosion disasters were delineated, and the primary causal variables necessary for effective risk assessments and scientific investigations were derived.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2008

A successful fire risk assessment is depends on identification of risk, the analytical process of potential risk, on estimation of likelihood and the width and depth of consequence. Take the influence on enterprise into consideration, Fire risk assessment could carry out along the evaluation of the risk importance, the risk level and the risk acceptance. A large part of the limitation of choosing the risk assessment techniques impose restrictions on expense and time. If it is unnecessary high level risk assessment or Probabilistic Risk Assessment of buildings, in compliance with the Relative Ranking Method, Fire risk indexing and assessing is possible. As working-level technique, AHP method is useful with practical technique.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

The NBP assay was conducted to determine the photomutagenic or photocarcinogenic potential of alkylating agents. Using a 4-NBP in vitro technique, whereby photochemical treatment on CAS (Chemical Activation System) was performed to investigate the enhancement effect, 20 compounds were shown to undergo alkylating mechanisms with 4-NBP. Chemically meaningful results were obtained with different sets of 20 compounds for the alkylating activities due to the UV irradiation, demonstrating that all of the testing compounds showed increasing photoalkylating effects either in the presence or absence of CAS in comparison with previously reported data, except furoic acid and fumaric acid that showed decreasing effect in the presence of a CAS. Caffeine did not show a meaningful result either. However, these findings demonstrate the effects of potential photoalkylating activity in chemical activation system (CAS) and suggest a potential risk-ranking system for the in vivo assays.