• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.442-453
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• 2020

Purpose: Expanded indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in early gastric cancer (EGC) remain controversial due to the potential risk of undertreatment after adequate lymph node dissection (LND). Regional LND (RLND) is a novel technique used for limited lymphadenectomy to avoid gastrectomy. This study established the safety and effectiveness of RNLD as an additional treatment option after ESD for expanded indications. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 patients who met the expanded indications for ESD were prospectively enrolled from 2014 to 2017. The tumors were localized using intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) before RLND. All patients underwent RLND first, followed by conventional radical gastrectomy with LND. The locations of the preoperative and intraoperative EGD were compared. Pathologic findings of the primary lesion and the RLND status were analyzed. Results: The concordance rates of tumor location between the preoperative and intraoperative EGD were 79.7%, 76.8%, and 63.8% according to the longitudinal, circumferential, and regional locations, respectively. Of the 4 patients (5.7%) with metastatic LNs, 3 were pathologically classified as beyond the expanded indication for ESD and 1 had a single LN metastasis in the regional lymph node. Conclusions: RLND is a safe additional option for the treatment of EGC in patients meeting expanded indications after ESD.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2017

This study compared policies of elderly abuse of long-term care facilities on WHO, Main countries for improvement of Korean policy. So, This study reviewed policies of elderly abuse of long-term care facilities on WHO, Main countries. So, This study reviewed risk factors that may increase the potential for abuse of an older person can be identified at individual level, care-woker levels, socio-cultural levels and facilities levels. The results of the study were as follows: First, The openness of long-term care facilities are emphasized on many countries. There are a need for a policy considerations such as policies of Ombudsman, Adult guardianship for visiting facilities, external monitoring. Second, There was a difference of facilities infrastructure and workers of treatment condition long-term care facilities each other countries. So It is important to improve facilities infrastructure and workers of treatment condition. Third, It is necessary to consider traits of elderly in long-term care facilities. Especially, it is required to manage dementia elderly and elderly on night time in long-term care facilities. Finally, implications and future directions of policies of elderly abuse of long-term care facilities were discussed based on the finding of the study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.675-686
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• 2021

This study investigated the ground displacement occurring in a slope below a waste-rock dumping site and estimated the likelihood of a disaster due to a landslide. To start with, photogrammetry was conducted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to investigate the size and extent of the ground displacement. From April 2019 to July 2020, the average error rate of the five UAV surveys was 0.011-0.034 m, and an elevation change of 2.97 m occurred due to the movement of the soil layer. Only some areas of the slope showedelevation change, and this was believed to be due to thegroundwater generated during rainfall rather than the effect of the waste-rock load at the top. Sensitivity analysis for LS-RAPID simulation was performed, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed by applying a digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM)as terrain data with 10 m, 5 m, and 4 m grids. When data with high spatial resolution were used, the extent of the sedimentation of landslide material tended to be excessively expanded in the DEM. In contrast, in the result of applying a DSM, which reflects the topography in detail, the diffusion range was not significantly affected even when the spatial resolution was changed, and the sedimentation behavior according to the river shape could be accurately expressed. As a result, it was concluded that applying a DSM rather than a DEM does not significantly expand the sedimentation range, and results that reflect the site situation well can be obtained.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

As the competition among the autonomous vehicle (AV, here after) developers are getting fierce, Korean government has been supporting developers by deregulating safety standards and providing financial subsidies. Recently, some OEMs announced their plans to market Lv3 and Lv4 automated driving systems. However, these market changes raised concern among public road management sectors for monitoring road conditions and alleviating hazardous conditions for AVs and human drivers. In this regards, the authors proposed a methodology for monitoring road infrastructure to identify hazardous factors for AVs and categorizing the hazards based on their level of impact. To evaluate the degrees of the harm on AVs, the authors suggested a methodology for managing road hazard factors based on vehicle performance features including vehicle body, sensors, and algorithms. Furthermore, they proposed a method providing AVs and road management authorities with potential risk information on road by delivering them on the monitoring map with node and link structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 2022

The use of flames is essential in cutting, bending, and welding steel during a ship's construction process. While acetylene fuel is commonly used in steel cutting and the manufacturing process in shipyards, the use of propane as an alternative fuel has recently been increasing, due to the lower risk of explosion and propane's relatively low calorific value. However, propane fuel has a relatively slow processing speed and high slag generation frequency, thereby resulting in poor quality. Propylene is another alternative fuel, which has an excellent calorific value. It is expected to gain wider use because of its potential to improve the quality, productivity, and efficiency of steel processing. In this study, the combustion characteristics of propane and propylene fuel during steel plate processing were analyzed and compared. The reduction of greenhouse gases and other harmful gases when using propylene flame was experimentally verified by analyzing the gases emitted during the process. Heat distribution and tensile tests were also performed to investigate the effects of heat input, according to processing fuel used, on the mechanical strength of the marine steel. The results showed that when propylene was used, the temperature was more evenly distributed than when propane fuel was used. Moreover, the mechanical tests showed that when using propylene, there was no decrease in tensile strength, but the strain showed a tendency to decrease. Based on the study results, it is recommended that propylene be used in steel processing and the cutting process in actual shipyards in the future. Additionally, more analysis and supplementary research should be conducted on problems that may occur.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether the concurrent use of conventional and herbal medications affects liver and kidney function, by examining blood test data. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 590 inpatients with musculoskeletal diseases between 2013 and 2017. We investigated cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) according to the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method criteria and cases of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definition. Results One case (0.17%) of DILI and one case (0.17%) of DIKI were identified. Significant improvements in serum laboratory data were observed after the concurrent use of both types of medications (p<0.05). The kappa coefficients ranged from 0.26 to 0.72, indicating that the values after the concurrent use of conventional and herbal medications showed a fair similarity to the baseline values of the patients. The linear regression test showed that female sex and high body mass index (BMI) were risk factors for an increase in the serum blood levels of liver function parameters. Conclusions The concurrent use of conventional and herbal medications for musculoskeletal disorders is relatively safe; however, clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing these medications to female patients and patients with a high BMI because of their potential effect on hepatic function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2022

Objectives: Objective of this study is to review briefly exposure characteristics, monitoring instruments and threshold limit values for extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) methods. This study was undertaken through brief literature review. We performed a literature search in PubMed to identify ELF-MF studies conducted in workplaces. Initial search keywords such as 'extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF)' and 'electromagnetic fields (EMF)' combined or singly. We limited our review to occupational rather than general nonworkplace environmental exposures. Methods: The contents we reviewed: key industry and occupations generating ELF-MF, several direct-reading instruments monitoring ELF-MF and threshold limit values (TLV) preventing health effects may be caused by the exposure to ELF-MF. Results: The industries related to the generation and supply of electricity, electrolytic installations, welding, and induction heating and more were regarded as high ELF-MF exposure industries. All jobs handling or employed performed in power cable lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment are found to be exposed to ELF-MF. Threshold or ceiling limit, 1,000 µT, is established to prevent acute effects of exposure to low-frequency EMFs on the nervous system: the direct stimulation of nerve and muscle tissues and the induction of retinal phosphenes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ELF-MF as possibly carcinogenic to humans chiefly based on epidemiological studies on childhood leukemia. However, a causal relationship between magnetic fields and several types of cancer including childhood leukemia has not been established nor has any other long-term effects. Risk management using precautionary measures, has been initiated by the US and EU to prevent chronic health effects related to ELF-MF exposure in workplaces. Conclusion: This study recommends the implementation of various measures such as theestablishment of occupational exposure limit values for ELF-MF and precautionary principle to prevent potential chronic occupational health effects may be caused by ELF-MF in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2021

The propeller shaft has different pattern of behaviors at each static, dynamic, and transient condition to a ship shaft system due to the effects of propeller weight and eccentric thrust, which increases the potential risk of bearing failure by causing local load variations. To prevent this, the various research of the shafting system has been conducted with the emphasis on optimizing the relative slope and oil film retention between propeller shaft and stern tube bearing at quasi-static condition, mainly with respect to the Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships. However, to guarantee a stability of the shafting system, it is necessary to consider the dynamic condition including the transient state due to the sudden change in the stern wakefield during rudder turn. In this context, this study cross-validated the ef ect of propeller shaft behavior on the stern tube bearing during port turn operation, which is a typical transient condition, by using the strain gauge method and displacement sensor for 50,000 DWT medium class tanker. And it was confirmed that the propeller eccentric thrust change showing relief the load of the stern tube bearing.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2022

To investigate the occurrence of fungi in dried ginseng products, we collected 24 white and 26 red ginseng samples from the retail market. Fungi were detected in 50% and 46% of white and red ginseng samples, respectively. The average level of fungal contamination was 0.5 and 0.2 log₁₀ CFU/g in white and red ginseng, respectively. In white ginseng, Penicillium polonicum, P. chrysogenum, and Rhizopus microsporus dominated with each having an occurrence of 18.2%. In red ginseng, Aspergillus spp. was dominant with an occurrence of 87.6%, with A. chevalieri having the highest occurrence (50%). PCR screening for mycotoxigenic potential showed that the 13 isolates of 4 species (P. polonicum, P. chrysogenum, P. melanoconidium, and A. chevalieri) tested were negative for the citrinin biosynthetic gene. These results show that the samples tested in this study had low risk of mycotoxin contamination. However, there is a possibility of dried ginseng products, such as white and red ginseng, being contaminated with fungi.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2022

The consumption of Flammulina velutipes mushroom imported from Korea has been associated with the cases of listeriosis in the United States, Canada, and Australia. We investigated the effect of sanitizing the plastic wrapper (used in packaging F. velutipes) with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultraviolet C waterproof light-emitting diode (UVC-W-LED) on reducing the Listeria monocytogenes. Further, the effect of UVC-LED on L. monocytogenes growth in F. velutipes at different storage temperatures (2, 4, and 10℃) was determined. The combined (SAEW+UVC-W-LED) treatment for 5-10 min reduced 99.9% of bacterial population from the contaminated plastic wrapper. In addition, the UVC-LED treatment for 3 min reduced the L. monocytogenes concentration in F. velutipes by 0.47 log CFU/g. Moreover, the growth of L. monocytogenes in the treated mushrooms was slower than that of the untreated (control) ones. L. monocytogenes concentration in F. velutipes increased over 3 log CFU/g at 2℃ and 10℃ for 60 and 10 days, respectively. The growth of L. monocytogenes at the bottom of mushrooms was faster than that at the top at both the temperatures. These results indicate that the combined SAEW+UVC-W-LED treatment of plastic wrappers and the UVC-LED treatment of mushrooms can be used as potential hurdle technologies to control the risk of L. monocytogenes in mushrooms prior to packaging at farms.