• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.703-709
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and the risk of hypertension in Korean adult women using data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 8th wave. Study subjects were 2,693 and descriptive analysis was used to investigate the general characteristics of the subjects. The effects of hyperuricemia on the risk of hypertension were evaluated using binomial logistic regression and it was shown that the risk of hypertension in the hyperuricemia group was higher than in the normal group (OR:1.94, p<.001), after adjusting socioeconomic factors (OR:1.81, p=.001) and even after additional adjustment for health behavioral factors, the risk of hypertension was high (OR:1.54, p=.019). Therefore, in order to prevent hypertension in adult women, it is necessary to develop programs and policies to effectively manage their uric acid levels.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2018

Background: Recent studies have correlated serum cystatin C (CysC) with vascular complications, but few studies have investigated this correlation in diabetes patients without nephropathy. This study aimed to evaluate if higher serum CysC levels increase the risk for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment. Methods: A total of 806 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the diabetes center of Soonchunhyang University Hospital for blood glucose control were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with nephropathy were excluded. Subjects were categorized into quartiles of serum CysC levels (Q1, ${\leq}0.65mg/L$; Q2, 0.66 to 0.79 mg/L; Q3, 0.80 to 0.94 mg/L; and Q4, ${\geq}0.95mg/L$). Results: The proportion of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (P for trend <0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (P for trend <0.001), and stroke (P for trend <0.001) increased across the serum CysC quartiles. After adjustment for confounding factors, the highest serum CysC level remained a significant risk factor for DR (odds ratio [OR], 1.929; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007 to 4.144; P=0.040). Compared with Q1, a significant positive association was observed between serum CysC and CHD in Q2 (OR, 7.321; 95% CI, 1.114 to 48.114; P=0.012), Q3 (OR, 6.027; 95% CI, 0.952 to 38.161; P=0.020), and Q4 (OR, 8.122; 95% CI, 1.258 to 52.453; P=0.007). No associations were observed between CysC and stroke after additional adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: Serum CysC levels are independently associated with DR and CHD, suggesting that CysC may be useful for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy who are at high risk for vascular complications.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.485-496
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• 2023

Recently, South Korea has been making efforts to mitigate the risk of water scarcity during droughts by utilizing various drought response measures in dam operations. While various studies have been conducted on this topic, there is currently a lack of research on the economic effects of drought response measures. In this study, we evaluated the economic effects of drought response measures on nationwide multipurpose dams by using a long-term simulated inflow model based on ARIMA and Copula and a dam operation model that reflects drought response measures. The results showed that the expected benefits per unit flow rate were highest for coordinated operation and alternative water supply measures, at KRW 1,176 and KRW 1,139, respectively, while the benefits of emergency water supply utilization and water supply adjustment were estimated at KRW 956 and KRW 875, respectively. Additionally, when we examined the changes in the economic benefits of drought response measures based on the assumption of increased drought severity in the future, the changes in the drought risk resulting from reduced inflow increased the economic benefits of all drought response measures. The economic benefits of water supply adjustment increased by 2.6% compared to the baseline, while the economic benefits of coordinated operation and alternative water supply measures increased by 11.7% compared to the baseline. This suggests that dam-network-based measures, such as coordinated operation and alternative water supply measures, are crucial as drought risk increases. This study is expected to serve as a fundamental reference for selecting and utilizing drought response measures in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9543-9547
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possible risk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: A study of dietary habits and breast cancer was conducted among 53 Iranian women with histological confirmed disease and 40 matched controls. A dietary habits questionnaire was used to evaluate the pattern of selected food intakes. The risk of cancer was analyzed after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, educational status, parity, lactation, marital status, menopause, history of estrogen therapy, and family history of breast disease or cancer were assessed among participants. Special attention was given to the relationship between consumption of high fat meat, milk, yogurt and cheese as well use of frying oils for frying foods, use of olive/liquid oils for cooking, removing fat from meat and poultry, removing chicken skin and not use of mayonnaise as salad dressing and the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, salad, vegetable and fruit consumption, and eating outdoors owere investigated. Results: Our results revealed significant lower education and higher BMI and waist circumference levels in patients with breast cancer. There was significantly increased breast cancer risk in overweight women in comparison with normal weight (OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24 to 6.82). High intake of fat dairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breast cancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Use of olive/liquid oils for cooking and avoidance of mayonnaise as salad dressing are related to lower risk of breast cancer. The frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. Conclusions: Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet could be an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5145-5151
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• 2013

Background: Numerous carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause DNA damage including oxidative base lesions that lead to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of this disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway can effectively remove oxidative lesions, maintaining genomic stability and normal expression, with X-ray repair crosscomplementing1 (XRCC1), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and apurinic/apyimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) playing important roles. Aims: To analyze polymorphisms of DNA BER genes (OOG1, XRCC1 and APE1) and explore their associations, and the combined effects of these variants, with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We detected SNPs of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), APE1 (Asp148Glu and -141T/G) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with peripheral blood samples from 231 patients with NPC and 300 healthy people, furtherly analyzing their relations with the risk of NPC in multivariate logistic regression models. Results: After adjustment for sex and age, individuals with the XRCC1 399Gln/Gln (OR=1.96; 95%CI:1.02-3.78; p=0.04) and Arg/Gln (OR=1.87; 95%CI:1.29-2.71; p=0.001) genotype variants demonstrated a significantly increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with those having the wild-type Arg/Arg genotype. APE1-141G/G was associated with a significantly reduced risk of NPC (OR=0.40;95%CI:0.18-0.89) in the smoking group. The OR calculated for the combination of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln, two homozygous variants, was significantly additive for all cases (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.27-3.47; p=0.004). Conclusion: This is the first study to focus on the association between DNA base-excision repair genes (XRCC1, OGG1 and APE1) polymorphism and NPC risk. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant genotype is associated with an increased risk of NPC. APE1-141G/G may decrease risk of NPC in current smokers. The combined effects of polymorphisms within BER genes of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln may contribute to a high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

The objective of the study was to analyze the regional variance of late preterm birth (LPT: 34-36 weeks) by analyzing 2008-2012 birth certificated data of seven metropolitan cities (536,984 births: primiparous singleton birth) from Korea Statistics. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from multinominal logistic regression analyses to describe the regional variance of LPT adjusted for maternal and infantile variables. The highest incidence of LPT rate by region were observed in Ulsan metropolitan city (3.7 percent), and the lowest in Deajon metropolitan city (3.1 percent). After adjustment by logistic regression for infantile sex, maternal variables, there was a significant increase in the risk of late preterm birth in Ulsan metropolitan city (odds ratio: 1.21) as compared with the incidence of LPT in Deajon metropolitan city. The odds ratio of LPT by region were 1.17 in Daegu metropolitan city, 1.13 Busan metropolitan city, and 1.12 in Incheon metropolitan city. More research is required to understand the risk factors for late preterm birth in this area including socio-demographic factors, medical factors, and regional and environmental factors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.605-613
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• 2020

In unfrictionless markets, one measure of asset pricing is its height of friction. This study develops a three-factor model by loosening the assumptions about stocks without friction, without risk, and perfectly liquid. Friction is used as an indicator of transaction costs to be included in the model as a variable that will reduce individual profits. This approach is used to estimate return, beta and other variable for firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). To test the efficacy of friction-adjusted three-factor model, we use intraday data from July 2016 to October 2018. The sample includes all listed firms; intraday data chosen purposively from regular market are sorted by capitalization, which represents each tick size from the biggest to smallest. We run 3,065,835 intraday data of asking price, bid price, and trading price to get proportional quoted half-spread and proportional effective half-spread. We find evidence of adjusted friction on the three-factor model. High/low trading friction will cause a significant/insignificant return difference before and after adjustment. The difference in average beta that reflects market risk is able to explain the existence of trading friction, while the difference between SMB and HML in all observation periods cannot explain returns and the existence of trading friction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 1999

Koreans rarely complain of depression or other psychological problems because mental illness is viewed as a stigmatizing and threatening experience. This study examined the relationships among stressful life events, close relationships, self-esteem. and depression in 400 college women aged 18 to 30 years. Depression was positively related to stressful life events (r＝.21, p＝＜.01). Depression and stressful life events were negatively associated with self-esteem (r＝-.67; r＝-.11, p＜.01; p＜.05 respectively). Close relationships with women and men friends were each negatively associated with depression (r＝-.24; r＝-.16, p＜.01; p＜.05). Close relationships with women and men friends were positively associated with self-esteem (r＝.23; r＝.20, p＜.01). Forty nine percent of variance in depression rates in this sample was explained. After adjustment for degrees of freedom, a total of 49% of the variance in depression was explained by self-esteem and stressful life events. This investigation into the relationships among the variables influencing depression for college women is a critical issue as health professionals need to be aware that college women are at considerable risk for depression. Effective psychosocial interventions are those designed for specific populations to meet unique care needs and since young Korean women may be at considerable risk for depression.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

Several risk factors for osteoporosis are known relatively well. Some nutrients are directly or indirectly needed for metabolic processes related to bone. Recently, an increased prevalence of osteoporosis has been reported in patients with hemochromatosis, an iron overload disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out if there was any relationship between serum ferritin and T-score of bone mineral density in healthy women. We recruited 1,101 subjects females aged between 39 and 85 years. We measured serum ferritin, glucose tolerance indices, lipid profiles, inflammatory indices, hormones, calcium, alkaline phosphatase. Also, anthropometric, blood pressure, and bone mineral density measurements were performed. T-score was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.425; P<0.01), systolic (r=-0.109; P<0.01) and diastolic (r=-0.093; P<0.01) pressure, follicular stimulation hormone (r=-0.190; P<0.01), alkaline phosphatase (r=-0.235; P<0.01), and serum ferritin (r=-0.090; P<0.05) and positively with body mass index (r=0.050; P=0.01), HDL-cholesterol (r=0.314; P<0.01), and estradiol (r=0.200; P<0.01). After adjustment for age, alkaline phosphatase, body mass index, HDL-cholesterol, estradiol, and follicular stimulation hormone, serum ferritin was independently inversely correlated with T-score (${\beta}$=-0.001; P<0.05). It is possible that an increase of serum ferritin in females be risk to osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a portable art therapy content. The proposed content makes counseling clients get a psychical cure at least cost regardless of time and place Counseling clients express their psychological state as pictures through the proposed content. And Counselors analyze and interpret the figures based on the database which is built into the server system. Due to the development of advanced technologies, various adjustment disorders and addictions have increased in the rapidly changing modern society. This causes the increase of counseling clients who want a psychical cure. And also counseling time, counseling place and counseling cost are emerging as a social issues. Psychotherapy specialists use the proposed content at the stage of the psychoanalysis which needs a lot of time and effort. The proposed content exploits the sever system to make the right decisions quickly and accurately. Counseling clients who are the medical underprivileged get visit consultation and online consultation can detect a psychological high-risk in an early stage and prevent this psychological high-risk. Preventive treatment service using the proposed content will make the social and medical cost savings.