• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The main purpose of this study is to develop a high elastic modulus and low-shrinkage roller-compacted concrete base (RCCB) in order to prevent fatigue cracking and reflective cracking in the asphalt surface layer of composite pavement. Using a rigid base material with low shrinkage can be a solution to this problem. Moreover, a strong rigid base with high elastic modulus is able to shift the location of critical tensile strain from the bottom of the asphalt layer to the bottom of the rigid base layer, which can prevent fatigue cracking in the asphalt layer. METHODS : Sensitivity analysis of composite pavement via numerical methods is implemented to determine an appropriate range of elastic modulus of the rigid base that would eliminate fatigue cracking. Various asphalt thicknesses and elastic moduli of the rigid base are used in the analysis to study their respective influences on fatigue cracking. Low-shrinkage RCC mixture, as determined via laboratory testing with various amounts of a CSA expansion agent (0%, 7%, and 10%), is found to achieve an appropriate low-shrinkage level. Shrinkage of RCC is measured according to KS F 2424. RESULTS : This study shows that composite pavements comprising asphalt thicknesses of (h1) 2 in. with E2 > 19 GPa, 4 in. with E2 > 15 GPa, and 6 in. with E2 > 11 GPa are able to eliminate tensile strain in the asphalt layer, which is the cause of fatigue cracking in this layer. Shrinkage test results demonstrate that a 10% CSA RCC mixture can reduce shrinkage by 84% and 93% as compared to conventional RCC and PCC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : According to the results of numerical analyses using various design inputs, composite pavements are shown to be able to eliminate fatigue cracking in composite pavement. Additionally, an RCC mixture with 10% CSA admixture is able to reduce or eliminate reflective cracking in asphalt surfaces as a result of the significant shrinkage reduction in the RCC base. Thus, this low-shrinkage base material can be used as an alternative solution to distresses in composite pavement.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

An analytical method for predicting the velocity potential around a pulsating bubble close to a free or rigid wall was established using an image method. Because the velocity potential should satisfy two boundary conditions at the bubble surface and rigid wall, we investigated the velocity in the normal direction at the two boundaries by adding the image bubbles. The potential was analyzed by decomposing the bubble motion as two independent motions, pulsation and translation, and we found that when the number of image bubbles was greater than ten, the two boundary conditions were satisfied for the translation term. By adding many image bubbles after the approximation of the pulsation term, we also confirmed that the boundary condition at the wall was satisfied.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-403
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• 2007

The contact problem for an elastic layer resting on an elastic half plane is considered according to the theory of elasticity with integral transformation technique. External loads P and Q are transmitted to the layer by means of two dissimilar rigid flat punches. Widths of punches are different and the thickness of the layer is h. All surfaces are frictionless and it is assumed that the layer is subjected to uniform vertical body force due to effect of gravity. The contact along the interface between elastic layer and half plane will be continuous, if the value of load factor, ${\lambda}$, is less than a critical value, ${\lambda}_{cr}$. However, if tensile tractions are not allowed on the interface, for ${\lambda}$ > ${\lambda}_{cr}$ the layer separates from the interface along a certain finite region. First the continuous contact problem is reduced to singular integral equations and solved numerically using appropriate Gauss-Chebyshev integration formulas. Initial separation loads, ${\lambda}_{cr}$, initial separation points, $x_{cr}$, are determined. Also the required distance between the punches to avoid any separation between the punches and the layer is studied and the limit distance between punches that ends interaction of punches, is investigated. Then discontinuous contact problem is formulated in terms of singular integral equations. The numerical results for initial and end points of the separation region, displacements of the region and the contact stress distribution along the interface between elastic layer and half plane is determined for various dimensionless quantities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.607-622
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• 2015

This paper presents a comparative study of analytical method and finite element method (FEM) for analysis of a continuous contact problem. The problem consists of two elastic layers loaded by means of a rigid circular punch and resting on semi-infinite plane. It is assumed that all surfaces are frictionless and only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the contact areas. Firstly, analytical solution of the problem is obtained by using theory of elasticity and integral transform techniques. Then, finite element model of the problem is constituted using ANSYS software and the two dimensional analysis of the problem is carried out. The contact stresses under rigid circular punch, the contact areas, normal stresses along the axis of symmetry are obtained for both solutions. The results show that contact stresses and the normal stresses obtained from finite element method (FEM) provide boundary conditions of the problem as well as analytical results. Also, the contact areas obtained from finite element method are very close to results obtained from analytical method; disagree by 0.03-1.61%. Finally, it can be said that there is a good agreement between two methods.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

For metal forming analysis, upper-bound solution is a practical method because the solution is overestimated. However it is not easy to determine the stresses on dies by using upper-bound solution. In this study, new scheme to calculate the stresses on dies based on upper bound solution is proposed. In the velocity fields, imaginary velocity is adapted to analyze the normal pressure on die surfaces. To verify the proposed scheme. plane strain drawing has been considered. The stresses on dies obtained by the proposed scheme are compared with the results of rigid plastic FEM and the experimental results. In the experiments, pressure film is used to measure the normal pressure on dies.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a registration method of 3d facial scan data and CBCT data using voxelization and distance map. First, two data sets are initially aligned by exploiting the voxelization of 3D facial scan data and the information of the center of mass. Second, a skin surface is extracted from 3D CBCT data by segmenting air and skin regions. Third, the positional and rotational differences between two images are accurately aligned by performing the rigid registration for the distance minimization of two skin surfaces. Experimental results showed that proposed registration method correctly aligned 3D facial scan data and CBCT data for ten patients. Our registration method might give useful clinical information for the oral surgery planning and the diagnosis of the treatment effects after an oral surgery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2010

Using ab initio density functional calculations, we investigate the structural and electronic properties of porous schwarzite structures formed by $sp^2$ carbon minimal surfaces with negative Gaussian curvature. We calculate the equilibrium geometries, elastic properties and electronic structure of two systems with cubic unit cells containing 152 and 200 carbon atoms, which are metallic and very rigid. The porous schwarzite structure can be efficiently doped by electron donors as well as accepors, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of alkali ion batteries. Furthermore, the schwarzite structures can be magnetic when doped and thus act as arrays of interconnected quantum spin dots. We also propose that two interpenetrating schwarzite structures be used as a ultimate super-capacitor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1992.03a
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• pp.201-212
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• 1992

The plane strain analysis for simulating the stretch/draw forming operation of arbitrarily-shaped tool profiles and arbitrarily draw-in conditions is introduced. An implicit, incremental, updated Lagrangian formulation is employed, introducing a rigid-viscoplastic constitutive equation. Contact and friction are considered through the mesh-normal, which compatibly describes arbitrary tool surfaces and FEM meshe without depending on the explicit spatial derivatives of tool surfaces. The FEM formulation is tested in the sections automotive inner panel and two-side draw-in. Not only the excellent agreement between measured and computed strains in the stretched section is obtained, but also the numerical stability of current formulation is verified in the two-side draw-in section.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 2004

The continuous confined strip shearing (CCSS) based on the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was modeled by means of a rigid-plastic two-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Parallel to the simulations, samples of AA 1050 sheets were experimentally deformed by CCSS. The CCSS deformation led to the formation of through thickness texture gradients comprising a strong shear texture in the sheet center and weak shear textures in the sheet surfaces. FEM analysis revealed variations in the strain component $\varepsilon_13$ along the sample thickness direction, which gave rise to the evolution of different textures. A high friction between the sample and die surface was responsible for lowering intensities of the shear texture components in thickness layers close to the surfaces.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.48-59
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• 1990

A finite element program was developed using line elements for simulating the stretch/draw forming operation of an arbitrarily-shaped plane-strain section. An implicit, incremental, updated Lagrangian formulation is employed, introducing a minimum plastic work path assumption for each time step. Geometric and material nonlinearities are also considered within each time step. The finite element equation is based on the mesh-normal, which compatibly describes arbitrary tool surfaces and FEM meshes without depending on the explicit spatial derivatives of tool surfaces. The membrane approximation is adopted under the plane stress assumption. The sheet material is assumed to obey a rigid-viscoplastic constitutive law. The developed program was tested in the die-tryout of typical automotive inner panels. In order to determine a single friction coefficient and boundary length, FEM results and measurements of thinning for a stretched section of final die were compared. After finding analysis parameters, the sheet forming operations of original and final die designs were simulated. Excellent agreement between measured and computed thickness strains was obtained and the developed program was able to identify die designs which were rejected during die tryout.