• 무역상무연구
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• 제28권
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• pp.3-36
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• 2005

Most legal systems provides the aggrieved buyer with a right to put an end to the contract. Unlike Civil Law systems, the right is rather complicated and uncertain in Common Law systems because they do not sharply distinguish between a refusal which amounts merely to a defence in the nature of the exceptio non adimpleti contractus, and one which is intended to abrogate the aggrieved party's obligations completely and to seek restitution of what he has already performed. That is, they do not draw any sharp distinction between the right of rejection or revocation and the right to put an end to the contract. This explains why the right to put an end to the contract under Civil Law systems are often compared with the right of rejection or revocation under Common Law systems in most academic papers. Having said that, this article describes and analyzes in detail the relevant UCC rules to the buyer's right of rejection and revocation, particularly the rules on the requirements for the right of rejection or revocation. This is for the purpose of providing legal advice to our sellers residing either in U.S.A. or in Korea who plan to enter into U.S.A markets and take academics' interest in the buyer's right which is deemed to be unique compared to the Civil Law systems. In addition, the study attempts to compare the rules as to the right of rejection and revocation under the UCC with those of English law which are stipulated mainly in the Sale of Goods Act (1979) in a statutory form. This may help one better to understand the rules of the UCC which are mostly originated with English law and to find in what way the rules of the UCC depart from those of English law.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2016

In this paper, the use of a dual composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line is proposed for the design of a band rejection filter. The notch property of the filter is achieved by combining the convex signal line with the shorted concave meander line, and the equivalent circuit model is extracted from the geometry of the unit cell for organizing the band rejection property. Then the equivalent parameters of the unit cell are analyzed to identify those behaviors. And the dispersion characteristics and energy distributions are simulated. In the end, the band rejection filter is manufactured by cascading two proposed unit cells. We show that the measurement result for the resonant frequency demonstrates good agreement with the simulation result and the band rejection filter provides a rejection performance of 17.5 dB at the stopband frequency ranging from 869 MHz to 894 MHz.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Purpose -In the credit transaction, the issuing bank must examine the documents to pay the credit amount. In order to smoothly execute the credit transaction, document review is a key element, so the 5th revised credit unification rule specifically defines the document review procedure. Research design, data, and methodology - The document review procedure specified in the UCP Rules can be largely divided into the document review period and the rejection procedure for inconsistent documents. First of all, confusion was caused by the ambiguous regulation.. Result - With regard to the document review period, in the actual credit transaction, the issuing bank often negotiates with the issuing client about the waiver of the document inconsistency. Next, in the process of notifying the rejection of inconsistent documents, the issuing bank shall send the rejection notice. Conclusion - This study suggests that the requirement to list all inconsistencies makes it impossible for the issuing bank to further notify the refusal, thereby limiting the right to defend against inconsistencies not listed in the first refusal notice and consequently having the effect of matching them. In addition, the issuing bank's rejection notice is closely related to the beneficiary's exercise of the right to replenish documents.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제37권
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• pp.357-379
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• 1999

본 연구는 중학교에서의 또래따돌림에 영향을 미치는 요인을 서열프로빗 분석을 이용해 살펴보고자 한 연구이다. 특히, 개인, 가족 특성이외의 폭력에의 노출, 교칙의 공정성, 부정적인 또래관계 등 환경적 요인이 또래따돌림에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 살펴보고자 하였다. 아울러 또래따돌림의 경험이 따돌림과 같은 또래폭력에 대한 방관적 태도와 어떠한 관계에 있는지 알아보았다. 조사대상자들은 서울시내에 소재한 12개 중학교 20개 학급에서 총 714명의 중학생들로 구성되었다. 서열프로빗 분석은 LIMDEP 7.0을 통해 분석되었고, 기술통계와 변량분석은 윈도용 SPSS 8.0을 사용하였다. 조사 결과 조사대상학교의 학생들중 35.8%가 다른 학생들을 따돌려본 적이 있다고 응답했고, 25.9%의 학생들이 또래따돌림을 당하는 것으로 나타났다. 남녀별로는 또래따돌림 가해경험의 차이가 없었으며, 대신 저학년에서 많이 발생하고 있었다. 개인적 특성으로는 공격성과 교칙위반행동의 경험이 많을수록, 또래따돌림에 더 많이 참여하고 있었다. 하지만, 부모의 양육태도, 결손가족여부, 학업성적, 학업에 대한 태도 등 가족 및 학교생활 요인은 또래따돌림행위에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반면 또래따돌림을 당한 적이 있거나, 주변에서 따돌림이 많이 발생하는 학교에 재학중인 학생일수록 또래따돌림에 참여할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 또래따돌림의 문제를 단순히 개인차원의 상담으로 풀어나가기 힘듦을 보여주는 것이다. 아울러 가해자와 피해자가 이분적으로 구분되는 형태가 아니라, 피해경험을 통해 가해경험을 학습하고 심화시킬 수 있는 중첩적인 관계에 있음을 발견하였다. 궁극적으로 또래따돌림의 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 학교를 개입단위로 하는 예방프로그램과 전문적 원조체계의 도입이 시급함을 제언하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

좌우현 합성 선로 메타재질구조 쎌 형식인 UWB 대역통과여파기의 저지특성을 향상시키기 위해, 메타재질특성을 유지하면서도 소형화라는 설계목적에 적합한 저역통과여파기 개념을 제안한다. 따라서 대역통과여파기 자체는 파장의 0.25배보다 훨씬 작게 만들어지고, 이는 인터디지틀 결합기와 접지된 스텁으로 구성되며, 전후에 대칭형 소형 저역통과 블록을 가진다. 설계결과는, 예상대로, 관내파장의 1/8의 크기, 대역폭 100%, 1dB 이하의 삽입손실, 평탄한 군지연, 우수한 반사손실 특성을 보인다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.425-428
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• 2012

We propose some properties for fuzzy hypotheses testing by the principle of the rate of internal division on delta-levels. By the rate of internal division, we show that the acceptance and rejection degree for fuzzy the fuzzy hypotheses and reduce the spread of the fuzzy variance with average of the center and left or right spread of fuzzy number data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.416-424
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• 1989

We have performed eight, single transplantations of right lung in dogs from September, 1988 to March 1989 at the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgical department, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. We wrapped bronchial anastomosis site with great omentum and used cyclosporin in preoperative and postoperative periods in seven cases except one. The one without wrapping the bronchial anastomotic site with omentum and using cyclosporin died due to bronchial anastomotic site rupture in postoperative fourth day. If there is no reason to choose one side over the other, we would generally choose to do left-sided transplant as this is technically somewhat easier because of the long length of recipient bronchus and the ease of clamping the left atrium proximal to the pulmonary veins. The right atrium limits the amount of left atrium that can have incorporated into the clamp proximal to the pulmonary veins on the right side. But we had chosen to do right-sided transplant of lung because we must take variable technical experiences on right sided lung transplant in dogs. We have to anastomose one of pulmonary vein and left atrial wall on right-sided transplant easily only with double ligation of one pulmonary vein because right atrium limited the clamp of left atrium proximal to pulmonary veins with decreased venous return and cardiac output in some dogs. All seven dogs with right-sided lung transplant had survived more than one day with good condition except one. The one dog have to be sacrificed to evaluate the difference between the gas analysis in pulmonary venous and arterial blood in post-operative eight hours. We found hemorrhagic pulmonary edematous changes of contralateral left lung in this dog. And also all dogs have to be sacrificed for the evaluation of surgical problems, anytime in post-operative periods without any cardiopulmonary resuscitative efforts when the general condition would be worse progressively. We found no any surgical technical errors in seven dogs except one with thrombi in suture site of left atrium. There were hemorrhagic pulmonary edematous changes of transplanted right lung in one, of contralateral left lung in one, of contralateral left lung with double ligation of its pulmonary artery in one, thrombi around left atrial sutures sites in one, multiple air leakage in one bronchial rupture in one due to rejection or infection. There were accidental extubation and delayed intubation in one and unknown cause of death in one.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2007

배경: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)는 심실 심근 세포에서 생성되는 심장 호르몬이며, 울혈성 심부전, 심실비대증, 심근염, 심장이식 후 거부반응 때 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 심장이식 후 거부 반응의 예측 인자로서의 BNP의 역할에 대해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 심장이식을 받은 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 2004년 1월부터 2005년 8월까지 BNP측정값, 심내막 생검을 통한 거부반응, 혈역학적 지표, 심초음파 검사 결과 등을 조사하였으며, 57예의 BNP 측정값의 중간값인 290 pg/mL를 기준으로 하여 Low BNP (n=28, $BNP{\le}290$ pg/mL)군, High BNP (n=29, BNP>290 pg/mL)군으로 나누어 거부반응의 정도, 좌심실구혈률, 삼첨판막 폐쇄 부전, 좌심실비대, 폐동맥쐐기압, 평균 폐동맥압, 우심방압을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: BNP값의 차이에 따른 양 군 간심내막생검에 따른 거부반응의 정도, 좌심실구혈률, 삼첨판막 폐쇄 부전, 좌심실비대, 우심방압은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나, High BNP군에서 폐동맥쐐기압, 평균 폐동맥압이 Low BNP군보다 높았으며(p<0.05), BNP 측정값은 폐동맥쐐기압과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.590, p<0.001). BNP 측정값 620 pg/mL를 기준으로 했을때, 폐동맥쐐기압은 83.3%의 민감도와 91.1%의 특이도를 보이며 12 mmHg보다 높은 값을 보였다(AUC: $0.900{\pm}0.045$, p<0.001). 결론: 심장이식 후 BNP 측정값은 거부반응의 정도와 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지는 않았으나, 심실의 이완기 불능 상태를 평가하는 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

A band stop filter is proposed with cascading unit cells that are based on a dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) conductorbacked coplanar waveguide. The parameters of the unit cell have been analyzed to confirm the behavior of each component for the equivalent circuit of the cell. We simulated the dispersion characteristics and energy distribution and have determined that the unit cell has a D-CRLH property. The band stop filter was implemented by symmetrically cascading two of the proposed unit cells. The experimental results for the band stop filter revealed a band rejection performance of 32 dB and a return loss of 0.35 dB in the stopband frequency range from 869MHz to 954MHz. Finally, we show that there is a good agreement in the experimental results and those obtained through the simulations.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1462-1469
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 VHF($169{\sim}211\;MHz$)용 대역 통과 여파기의 소형화와 향상된 차단 대역 저지 특성을 구현하기 위하여, 기존의 Right-Handed 전송선에 Left-Handed 특성을 가미한 복합 구조를 이용하여 설계하였다. 대역 통과 여파기를 CRLH의 0차 공진기의 공진점을 사용하고 공진 기간의 결합을 인버터 이론으로써 구현하였다. 제안된 기법의 타당성은 예측 특성과 실험 결과로써 확인되며(삽입 손실<2 dB, $S_{11}$<-15 dB, 3체배 차단 특성), 평행 결합 선로형 여파기와 같은 기존 기술의 여파기보다 약 60 %의 소형화가 이뤄짐을 알 수 있었다.