• 과학기술학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.31-66
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• 2011

우리나라의 유전자변형식품에 관련된 사회 운동은 그동안 주로 표시제를 통해 소비자가 알권리와 선택할 권리를 보장해주어야 할 정부의 책임을 사회운동의 전면에 강조하는 방향으로 진행되었다. 실질적 동등성 개념에 기반을 두고 유전자 변형식품의 안전성을 평가하는 현행의 규제 방식에 대항적 전문성을 통하여 맞서고 비판하는 활동은 사회적으로 크게 확산되지 못하였다. 이 연구는 인터뷰와 문헌 조사를 통해 우리나라의 유전자변형식품에 관련된 논의에 참가한 세 그룹-규제 과학자, 시민단체, 대항 전문가-의 활동이 각각 현행 유전자변형식품 규제의 방식과 어떤 연관을 맺고 있는지 알아보았다. 대항 전문가들은 '국제기준 순응의 담론'의 생산자인 규제 과학자들과 충돌하면서 규제 형성의 과정에서 배제되었다. 이 연구는 우리나라의 유전자변형식품을 둘러싼 논란의 지형을 이해하기 위하여, 대항적 전문지식을 가진 행위자들이 다른 집단과 폭넓은 연대를 형성하지 못했던 과정과 맥락을 분석해 볼 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

In letter of credit arrangements, the issuing bank nominate a reimbursing bank which serves as a source of funds payment to the beneficiary. The reimbursing bank could be 3rd party bank or the issuing bank itself. In view of working capital requirements, most beneficiary want to get export proceeds in advance through nominated banks and therefore letter of credit usually permit the beneficiary to negotiate drafts, accompanied by required documents, to nominated bank. If the credit is available with the nominated bank, there must be a reimbursement instruction in the credit, because in this method of availability the issuing bank is obliged to reimburse the nominated bank if that bank acts on its nomination There are legal relationship among issuing bank, nominated bank and reimbursing bank with regard to reimbursement activities. Related rules are UCP and URR and UCC (in case of USA). Korean exporters and bankers do not appear to know well the role of reimbursement and usage. 3 cases (court case + ICC Opinion + bad practices) were employed to study the reimbursement mechanism and suggest better usages. The beneficiary is strongly recommended to know the benefit of reimbursement claim from independent reimbursing bank. The benefits include speed payment (thereby saving finance costs) and safe funds (in case of stop payment by the issuing bank right after the proceeds are reimbursed). And further the beneficiary banks (being nominated or claim banks) are also recommended to take advantage of the 3rd party reimbursement in view of the cases illustrated.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to survey in healthcare worker's recognition of diagnosis related group(below; DRG) effect from July 1, 2012, to examine their recognition, expectation of the DRG system, and to provide the basic data necessary for the enforcement of the settlement. The subjects of this study were workers at clinics and hospitals sampled from hospital with DRG applying 7 diseases in Busan and Kyung-nam. A questionnaire of survey was conducted with the subjects working at clinics and hospitals from July, 25, 2012 to September 7, 2012, and the subjects were limited to doctors, officers, nurses, medical technicians and nurse assistants, and a total of 618 subjects were enrolled in this study. In the result of this study, generally, the healthcare workers recognized the DRG system. But their knowledge about that was not clear. Expanding enforcement DRG system at the present time, to provide accurate information to the healthcare consumer, workers need to know about DRG system clearly. To this end, for national health policy and medical institutions, workers should be educated constantly about providing medical service as well as the duty of enough explanation about the healthcare consumer's right to know.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.23-61
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• 1990

Libraries and information centers are no different from any other institutions in our society. Today, their managers have to make many more decisions which have certain legal implications than before. The ignorance of the law on their parts can not be an acceptable excuse anymore, since. the consequences sometimes maybe quite serious. This paper outlines some important legal issues involved in the services and management of libraries and information centers. They are: constitutional rights on human knowledge activities: library act and it's related laws; censorship and right to know; information access and the protection of privacy: library services and copyright law; labor relations; protections of the people and properties of the institutions, etc. The laws are not static: rather, they change with the social, political and technological environments. The managers, as well as the staff members of libraries and information centers should be constantly updated with the changes in the field, in order to give the maximum service to the clients and to prevent any infringement of the laws, which may discredit their services and the institutions.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2014

Surely fuel economy(F.E.) label is needed to meet consumer's right to know. Korea has developed and adopted F.E. correction equation similar to the feeling, because consumer complain about F.E. label higher than they feel. Recently, through continuous research and development high-efficiency & performance green car like HEV, PHEV and EV are being sold. In this situation, it is needed to know whether the current equation can reflect a part of their improved technic or not. In this paper, to review current equation through test using hybrid vehicles on 5-cycle SOC, correction equation and F.E were discussed. The result show HEV didn't meet the SOC error standard on US06. Also, HEV has bigger F.E. difference between FTP-75 and 5-cycle than conventional vehicles. However, the correction equation that include HEV almost same with current one.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for anti-wrinkling therapy, and correction of the square face. The toxin ultimately prevent the release of membrane-bound acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction of striated muscles and thus produce chemical denervation and paralysis of the muscles. Our purpose of study is to know if application of botulinum toxin type A on calf reduction is effective, how much dosage is effective, and what are the possible complications. We reviewed data of 30 consecutive patients subjected to calf reduction in Dong-A University Hospital from February 2003 to April 2003. We injected normal saline 2cc on both calves region in 15 control group patients, and the other patients was divided 3 group. Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 was injected 50U, 100U, 150U botulinum toxin A on each calf region and followed up for 6 month. Maximal circumference of calf was not changed in the control group but an average of 0.7 cm reduction was noted in group 1, average 1.34 cm(right calf) and 1.26cm(left calf) in group 2, average 1.44cm(right calf) and 1.58cm(left calf) in group 3. Maximal area of calf was not changed in the control group but average reduction of 12.5%(right calf) and 12.7%(left calf) was obtained in group 1, average 19.4% (right calf) and 19.9%(left calf) in group 2, average 24.8%(right calf) and 21.07%(left calf) in group 3, as measured on CAT scan. Total fat amount and fat amount in the lower extremity was no change in all the groups, but lean body mass was decreased average 1.27%(right calf) and 1.15%(left calf) in group 1, average 3.47%(right calf) and 2.98%(left calf) in group 2, average 3.58%(right calf) and 3.95%(left calf) in group 3. Photography of the preoperative and postoperative 6 month state revealed higher satisfaction in Group 2, 3 compared to Group 1. Use of botulinum toxin type A in calf reduction is a very simple, safe, non-invasive method and effective in terms of calf contouring rather than reduction of calf circumference.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.473-485
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• 2015

Objective: This study provides strategies of how to effectively convert an invention, created at universities or government-funded research institutes, into a strong patent with the clear understanding of its unique technological characteristics. Background: Regardless of the amount of research funds available in our country and the decent number of intellectual property rights created using the funds, there was a deficit of more than KRW 6 trillion in the technology trade balance related with intellectual property rights in the year of 2014. One of the reasons was that the vast number of patents that were being produced by universities or by government-funded research institutes were merely performance-based patents, namely, so called "patents for patents". Another reason is that developed technology from research and development could not be transformed into a strong patent right properly due to the lack of related knowledge. Method: After reviewing various references mentioned on the patent strategies, the definition of a strong patent and the strategies of producing a strong patent for an invention drawn out from research performance will be supplied. Results: To produce a strong patent right at universities or government funded research institutes, one should use strategies for strong specifications, strategies of product patents and method patents, strategies of patent portfolios, strategies of know-how, strategies of inventions defined by numerical limitation and strategies of parameter inventions for a more strategic approach. Conclusion: Strong patent rights will be produced with the use of effective patent strategies provided in this study. Application: It is estimated that the results of this study will aid the establishment of strong patents for inventions developed by research performance at universities or government-funded research institutions.

• 복식
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.182-199
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual status of costume exhibitions displayed in architectural structures heritage today to examine if they play proper roles as visual materials and suggest the necessity of post-management for comfortable viewing. This is significant in that it makes costume exhibitions function as educational culture contents to let Korean and also foreign viewers know of our costume culture properly. As a research method, the database of the Office of Cultural Properties homepage was used to extract anything related to the lives of figures during the Chosun Dynasty among the architectural structures heritages in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido. By doing so, the costume exhibitions were able to be examined among them. With field investigation and interviews of related institutions, this study examined the current status of costume exhibitions, planning of exhibitions, and post-management. Also, they found costume exhibitions that were not right for the era, and suggested ways that were more appropriate for them. The results of this study were as follows : First, according to the third selection results, there were only six among 71 places where three districts of the architectural structures heritage were present. This is a very small quantity of places when compared with the total number of architectural structures heritage. Second, as a result of the current condition investigation, the costume exhibition in the Architectural Structures Heritage is not nearly enough for a historical investigation, and almost all polluted costumes were not displayed in suitable environments for an exhibition. Therefore, qualified managers who have expertise in exhibition planning were needed to be trained to do a post-management follow up. Furthermore, it is important to systematically reorganize post-management methods. Third, the two selected places(Haepung-buwongun-yuntaegyeong-jaesi and Sunaedong-gaok) were thought not to be right for the era among the six places with costume exhibitions, and suggestions such as flat-drawing and illustration were made.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

유비쿼터스 시대의 도래에 따른 서비스의 고급화는 다양한 형태의 사용자 단말기의 개발을 유도하였으며, 이러한 사용자 단말기의 변화는 다양한 형태의 인간친화형 사용자 인터페이스의 개발로 이어지게 되었다. 이러한 다양한 형태의 인간친화형 사용자 인터페이스 중, 인간의 뇌를 활용한 사용자 인터페이스, 즉, BCI에 관한 연구가 최근 산발적으로 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 현재 진행되어지고 있는 다양한 형태의 BCI 관련 연구들은, 연구 초기 수준을 극복하지 못하는 실정이며, 이러한 연구개발의 지체 이유로는 체계적인 연구가 진행되어지지 않고 있다는 점을 들 수 있다. 대부분의 HCI 또는 BCI 관련 연구들은 생체신호를 수집하여 신호처리 과정을 거치게 되며, 이때 중요한 연구요소중의 하나로 DB구축 분야를 들 수 있다. 하지만 현재 진행되고 있는 대부분의 BCI 관련 연구의 경우 DB구축부터 시작한 체계적인 연구가 이루어지고 있지 않는 실정이다. 뇌파를 제외한 다른 생체신호, 즉 오감자극을 활용한 HCI 연구와는 달리, 뇌파 DB의 경우 피험자를 제외한 다른 연구 관련자들은 현재 피험자로부터 수집되어지고 있는 DB가 실험에 필요한 적절한 신호인지 구분하기 힘든 실정이다. 또한, 뇌파 신호의 수집 시 연구관련 자들은 피험자에게 정확한 지침을 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이며 어떠한 방법으로 피험자가 실험에 집중하여야 확연한 패턴을 보이는 차별화 된 뇌파 신호의 생성이 가능한지 명확하게 알려지지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 뇌파를 활용한 BCI구현과 사용자 의지에 따른 활용 시 보다 정확하고 높은 인식률 구현을 하기 위한 기초 연구 방안으로 정확하고 효율적인 뇌파 DB구축 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 현재까지 명확하게 알려지지 않은 효과적인 뇌파생성 방안을 동시에 연구하기 위하여 오감자극을 활용한 뇌파 DB 수집이 가능한 구축 시스템을 구현하며 각 방법에 따라 구축되어진 뇌파의 패턴 분석을 통한 효율적인 뇌파 DB구축 방안을 제안한다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.95-98
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• 2007

This study investigates pause positions of Korean students' reading of an English script. 12 natives speakers of English and 18 Korean students were asked to read The North Wind and the Sun. The common pause positions were determined by examining the pauses of the native speakers' readings. Korean students were asked to mark pauses on a script. And then they were trained to put pauses as native speakers of English do. Although some errors have been corrected after the training, others have not been corrected in Korean students' readings. Korean students made fewer errors in marking on the script than in reading the script. They seem to know where to put pauses, but lack of practice makes it difficult to put pause in the right positions when they read. That suggests that teachers should continue to teach students where to put pauses in their reading or speaking English.