• Mycobiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Characteristic growth patterns of Cordyceps militaris isolates on various media, under varying light conditions and at varying incubation periods were examined. Light was found to be the most critical single factor in determining the density, texture, and pigmentation of the mycelial culture of the fungus. However, under the light condition, the degree of pigmentation and mycelial density were found to be affected by the incubation period and type of medium. Irrespective of the variations in medium type or incubation period, there was no pigmentation of the mycelium under dark condition. Radial growth of the mycelium was faster under dark incubation rather than under light incubation. Abundant mycelial density and darkest pigmentation of C. militaris isolates were produced in nutritionally rich media like SDAY, SMAY and CZYA, suggesting that these media may fulfill all the requirements for vegetative growth of the fungus. Growth characteristics of C. militaris isolates could be easily observed by the simple agar culture method, which would be useful to characterize the phenotypic characteristics of large number of pure cultures of the fungus under given conditions of growth factors such as medium, light and temperature.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.410-413
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• 2001

In this study a repeated batch production of lactic acid was investigated for the purpose of reducing amount of yeast extract dosage. First batch operation was performed with nutrient rich media(glucose 100-150 g/${\ell}$, and high yeast extract contents; 15 g/${\ell}$), and subsequential batch operations were performed with nutrient poor media(glucose 100-150 g/${\ell}$, and reduced yeast extract contents; 4-5 g/${\ell}$). Volumetric productivities(6.03-6.20 g/${\ell}{\cdot}h$) and substrate conversion rate(94-98%) of eve η subsequential batch operation were maintained with the same level of first batch operation(6.19 g/${\ell}{\cdot}h$, and 99%, respectively), when concentrations of glucose and yeast extract were 100, and 4 g/${\ell}$ respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.352-355
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• 1997

The promoter region of the pupA gene of Pseudomonas putida WCS358 was fused with the structural genes for bioluminescence (luxCDABE) from Vibrio fischeri, and the resulting fusion plasmid harbored by the WCS358 host. The pup-lux fusion gene was then used for quantitative analysis of the iron-dependence of pupA promoter activity. Factors affecting bioluminescence produced by the pup-lux bioreporter were found to be cell activity, iron-chelator concentrations, Fe(III) concentrations, and nutrient components. Light production rates of the pup-lux bioreporter were inversely dependent upon iron molecules when $FeCl_3$ concentrations were between $10^{-2}$ and 1 ${\mu}M$ in nutrient-poor minimal media, and between 0.1 and 10 mM in nutrient-rich complex media.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1990

In the Xanthan gum fermentation by Xanthomonas campestris there are problems of the large energy consumption by long fermentation time, the mass transfer of oxygen and nutrients by high viscous fermentation broth. In this study, the media optimization and the fed batch fermentation were carried out to decrease fermentation time and increase Xanthan gum yield. The $O_2$ uptake rate (OUR) and $CO_2$ evolution rate(CER) which were obtained from the analysis of fermentation exit gas using a gas chromatograph were investigated. As a result, the fermentation time decreased at optimal assimilable nitrogen concentration but increased at poor or rich assimilable nitrogen concentration, the Xanthan gum biosynthesis was stimulated under the limited condition of assimilable nitrogen source and the optimum fermentation medium was obtained as follow; Glucose=30g / l, Peptone=8.0g / l, $K_2HPO_4=2.0g/l$, $MgS0_47H_2O=10g/l$, Sodium acetate=20g/l, Sodium pyruvate=0.5g/1. As the agitation speed and nitrogen concentration increased, the $O_2$ uptake rate and $CO_2$ evolution rate increased. The OUR and CER were 37.3mmol $O_2/\;l$ hr and 20.2 mmol $CO_2/\;L$ hr at peptone 11g / l and agitation speed 990RPM, respectively. In fed batch fermentation, the final concentration of Xanthan gum was enhanced up to 29g / l.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.273-301
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• 2008

본 연구는 지식정보사회의 등장 배경으로 세계화, 정보화, 네트워크화에 대하여 살펴보고 이들이 만들어낸 '지식지리학'의 연구분야와 지식정보사회에서의 경제지리학의 연구과제를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 1970년대 후반 세계화, 정보화, 네트워크화가 토대가 되어 지식정보사회를 맞이하였으며, 지식정보사회에서는 신경제가 주도적인 역할을 했다. 이러한 신경제는 높은 기술수준과 고부가가치를 가진 지식을 중요시하는 경제이므로 지리학 분야에서 투입과 산출과정에서 지식집약도가 높은 경제활동을 대상으로 하는 '지식지리학'의 등장을 가져왔다. '지식지리학'은 제조업의 첨단기술산업과 신산업집적론, 금융 서비스 산업, 미디어 산업, 문화산업, 창조산업 등이 넓은 의미에서의 지식창조로 경제지리학에서도 이에 대한 연구의 축적이 이루어지고 있다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2022

딥러닝 기반의 지도학습은 다양한 응용 분야에서 비약적인 발전을 이루었다. 그러나 많은 지도 학습 방법들은 학습 및 테스트 데이터가 동일한 분포에서 추출된다는 공통된 가정 하에 이루어진다. 이 제약 조건에서 벗어나는 경우, 학습 도메인에서 훈련된 딥러닝 네트워크는 도메인 간의 분포 차이로 인하여 테스트 도메인에서의 성능이 급격하게 저하될 가능성이 높다. 도메인 적응 기술은 레이블이 풍부한 학습 도메인 (소스 도메인)의 학습된 지식을 기반으로 레이블이 불충분한 테스트 도메인 (타겟 도메인) 에서 성공적인 추론을 할 수 있도록 딥러닝 네트워크를 훈련하는 전이 학습의 한 방법론이다. 특히 비지도 도메인 적응 기술은 타겟 도메인에 레이블이 전혀 없는 이미지 데이터에만 접근할 수 있는 상황을 가정하여 도메인 적응 문제를 다룬다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 비지도 학습 기반의 도메인 적응 기술들에 대해 탐구한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.153-170
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• 1970

1. Amylase 생산세균(生産細菌)의 분리(分離) 및 동정(同定) 다수(多數)의 amylase 생산세균(生産細菌)을 검색(檢索)하여 공기(空氣) 및 토양(士壞)에서 강력균주(强力菌株) A-12 및 S-8를 얻었다. 이들 균(菌)의 균학적(菌學的) 성질(性質)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果) 균주(菌株) A-12 및 S-8의 모든 특성(特性)은 Bergey's manual의 Bac. subtilis와 비슷하나 몇가지 탄수화물(炭水化物)로부터의 산생성(酸生成)과 구연산 이용성(利用性)이 달랐다. 즉(卽) A-12는 구연산을 이용(利用)하지 않고 arabinose와 xylose에서 산(酸)을 생성(生成)하지 않았으며 S-8는 xylose에서 산(酸)을 생성(生成)하지 않았다. 2. 액체배양(液體培養)에 의(依)한 Amylase 생산(生産) 정치배양(靜置培養)에 있어서 균주(菌株) A-12의 amylase 생산(生産)에 관(關)한 제반조건(諸般條件)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 최적조건(最適條件)은 배양온도(培養溫度) $35^{\circ}C$, 초발(初發) PH $6.5{\sim}7.0$, 배양기간(培養期間) $3{\sim}4$일(日)의 조건(條件)이었다. (2) 전배양(前培養)한 균(菌)의 보존기간(保存期間)는 amylase 생성(生成)에 영향(影響)을 주지 않았다. (3) amylase 생산(生産)에 있어서 각종(各種)의 고형원료중(固形原料中) 탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)이 가장 좋았다. 그러나 탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)을 alkali 처리(處理)한 것은 유채박(油菜粕)의 경우와는 반대(反對)로 그대로 사용(使用)하는 것보다 효과(效果)가 적었다. 대두박(大豆粕) alkali 침출액(浸出液)에 가용성(可溶性) 전분(澱粉)을 첨가(添加)한 배지(培地)는 amylase 생성(生成)을 뚜렷이 증가(增加)시켰다. (4) 탄소원(炭素源)이 부족(不足)한 배지(培地)에서는 1%의 ethanol의 첨가(添加)는 amylase 생성(生成)을 증가(增加)시켰으나 탄소원(炭素源)이 풍부(豊富)한 배지(培地)에서는 효과(效果)가 없었다. (5) 저렴(低廉)하게 구(求)할 수 있는 밀기울에 10%의 탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)을 혼합(混合)할 때에는 amylase 생성(生成)이 밀기울만의 경우의 2.5배(倍)로 증가(增加)되었다. (6) 탈지분유(脫脂粉乳)의 단용배지(單用培地)에서는 amylase 생성(生成)이 극(極)히 불량(不良)하였으나 탈지분유(脫脂粉乳)에 20%의 밀기울을 혼합(混合) 할때에는 amylase 생산(生産)이 월등(越等)히 증대(增大)되었다. 그 역가(力價)는 10% 농도배지(濃度培地)에서 $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 7,000(L.S.V. 1,800)이었다. (7) 각종(各種) 무기염류(無機鹽類)의 첨가효과(添加效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 3. 밀기울 고체배양(固體培養)에 있어서 균주(菌株) A-12의 amylase 생산(生産)에 관(關)한 제반조건(諸般條件)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 최적배양조건(最適培養條件)은 배양온도(培養溫度) $33^{\circ}C$, 기간(其間) 2일간(日間) 첨수량(添水量) $150{\sim}175%$, 배지(培地)의 두께 1.5cm의 조건(條件)이었다. 최적조건(最適條件)에서의 amylase 역가(力價)는 $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 36,000 (L.S.V. 15,000)이었다. (2) 각종(各種) 유기자원(有機資源) 및 무기물질(無機物質)의 첨가효과(添加?果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-135
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• 1991

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data order to grasp health knowledge, attitude, practice level of middle and high school students and to analyse th problem and to point out the method of improvement in the field of school health education. The survery was carried out through this reporter's interview for 2,400 students who attend to ten schools in Young Nam area during the period of a month from 25 the June to 25th July 1989. The result of this study can be summaried as follows. 1. The total number of answers on the question was 2,346. As for general characteristics the percent of female middle school students was 60.6% and the percent of male students was 77.7%, 45.9% of high school students was evening school students. 52.9% of middle school students and 42.3% of high school students were borne in rural area. 2. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hepatitis infection was 46.3% of middle school students and 29.6% of high school students. 3. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hemorrhage fever infection was 85.6% of middle school students and 66.9% of high school students. 4. The percentage of right knowledge for AIDS infection was 66.0% of middle school students and 90.4% of high school students. 5. The percentage of right knowledge for Typhoid infection was 47.8% of middle school students and 69.4% of high school students. 6. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Tuberculosis infection was 71.6% of middle school students and 62.2% of high school students. 7. As for personal hygiene, the percentage of toothbrushing after every meal was high level : 44.2% of middle school students and 42.0% of high school students. 8. 60.9% of middle school students take a bath twice a week, 49.2% oh high school students take a bath a week. Times of bath of middle school students was higher than that of high school students. 9.The percentage of washing hand after using toilet was 42.1% of middle school students and 35.1% of high school students. 49.0% of middle school students and 55.1% of high school students wash hand sometimes after using toilet. 10. The percentage of change of underwear twice a week was 57.6% of middle school students and 49.8% of high school students. 11. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 30.% of middle school students and 27.6% of high school students. 50.8% of middle school students and 51.7% of high school students have balanced diet. 12. Index of health practice of personal hygiene can be summarized as follows. A. A case of middle school students. 1) The percentage of health practice index in male and female was 49.6% and 48.1% respectively. Index of female students was higher than that of male students. 2) As for parent's occupation, public servants and company emplyee was upper level. Farming was low level. 3) As for income level, middle, level with 56.5% was highest in high income level and low level with 27.4% was highest in low income level. B. A case of high school students. 1) Middle level of health practice index was 46.0% of male students, upper and low level was 32.4% and 28.0% of female students respectively. 2) Middle level of health practice index was high in farming and company employee and upper level was high in commerce and service, low level with 60.0% was high in unemployed. 3) Upper practice index 35.7% appears in the rich and low practice index 38.3% appears in the poor. 13. Average points of Health practice about personal hygiene were as follows. (Full marks at 4). A. A case of middle school. Female (1.87 point) was higher than male (1.26 point). Night time (2.03 point) was higher than day time (1.66 point) and middle or small cities (2.17 point) are high than any other places. As for parent's occupation, students whose parents are company clerk get high marks (2.32) and ten students whose parent's job are service get next high marks (2.20). B. A case of high school. Female (1.53 point) was higher than male (1.22 point), as parents educational level were higher the point were higher, and as income level was higher, the points of health practice (1.78) were higher, and as for parents occupation, service get highest point (1.93) and commerce get next high point (1.86) public servant get low point (1.66). 14. The percentage of experience in smoking was 11.9% of middle school students and 60.9% of high school students. 15. The percentage of experience in inhalation of bond and administrating LSD was 4.3% of male middle school students, 8.4% of female middle school students, 6.9% of male high school students and 4.2% of female high school students. The knowledge level of communicable disease infection are very low in middle and high school students and practice level of personal hygiene are also very low. As a whole we can evaluate that middle and high school students are low level of health knowledge and practice. In conclusion, we must consider preparation for school health education program through establishing of health subjects in the carriculum, and securing of health education teachers and using materials and media program of health education. It is very important to establish macroscopic policy and strategy for public health education and to get people have right knowledge and practice for health.