• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 1983

To improve cultivation technique for the stable and high yield, the outdoor fermentation of rice straw bundles, and pasteurization and fermentation of rice straw compost in tunnel were carried out. 1) Mycelial growth of P. ostreatus was becoming rapid and dense according to prolongation of fermentation periods outdoor rice straw bundles, but days untill fully mycelial growth after spawning was short. 2) As the fermentation period of rice straw bundles was 6 days (three times turning), yield of P. ostreatus was the highest as $50.5kg/3.3m^2 and increased 24% of yield than those of conventional method. 3) When it was fermented rice straw compost in tunnel for 4 days, mycelial growth of P. ostreatus was rapid and dense, and also days untill budding after spawning, was shorter, yield $67.6kg/3.3m^2$, resulted in increasing 17% of yield than those of conventional method. 4) On being sterilization and fermentation of the rice straw compost in tunnel, the production cost was decreased 22.3% in compared with conventional method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.824-830
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• 2008

Sodium hydroxide (SH) or ammonium bicarbonate (AB) were applied to rice straw to investigate the effects on histological change of stem tissue or cell wall before and after in sacco degradation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The SEM revealed that, the parenchyma and vascular bundles were distorted by treatment with SH at 30 or 45 g/kg straw dry matter. Faultage between phloem of large vascular bundles and parenchyma occurred with further increasing SH to 60 or 75 g/kg. The cell wall in these stem tissues was crimped when observed by TEM. However, only parenchyma and large vascular tissues were slightly distorted in AB-treated stem. For untreated and AB-treated stems, the initiation of observable ruminal degradation of cell wall was prolonged from 12 h for inner parenchyma to 24 h for sclerenchyma and to 48 h for phloem of small vascular bundles, while the outer epidermis was intact even at 72 h. For SH-treated stem, however, the cell wall from all of the investigated tissues, epidermis, small vascular bundles, sclerenchyma, and parenchyma started to be degraded at 12 h incubation. These results indicate that SH treatment contracts rice straw stem leading to an improvement in rumen degradation, and that the degradation of SH-treated stem is bilateral from inner and outer surface simultaneously.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Rice straw treated with anhydrous ammonia and/or sulphur dioxide was incubated with rumen liquor for 24 hours and 48 hours to investigate the changes in cell wall structure caused by the treatments and bacterial degradation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A less significant tissue loss of untreated rice straw was inspected after incubated for 24 hours and 48 hours. Sulphuration decreased the thickness of sclerenchyma and apparently removed parenchyma tissues. Ammoniation degraded the phloem, and the lignified inner portion of the cell wall was completely, however, little collapsed epidemis and vascular bundles. Ammonia and Sulphur dioxide combined treatment removed the inner layer from outer layer. The extent of apparent degradability following combination treatment was the largest due to the enhanced microbial degradation of sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27
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• pp.47-55
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• 1984

The results of series studies on the ratio of supplements, out-door composting and out-door fermentation induced by using the rice straw as a main substrates at the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, and the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus using the rice straw bundles on its compost are as follows; When rice straw for cultivation of A. bisporus was used as the main substrates in synthetic compost as a carbon source, yields were remarkably high. Fermentation was more rapid than that of barley straw or wheat straw and the total nitrogen content was high in rice straw compost. Use of barley straw compost for cultivation of A. bisporus was shown of low yield compared with rice straw, but when a 50% barley straw and 50% rice straw mixture was used, the yield was almost the same as that using only rice straw. The total organic nitrogen on the compost were shown the positive relation to the yield of A. bisporus, but the ammonium nitrogen negative relation to the mycelial growth and yield of A. bisporus. When rice straw was used as the main substrate for compost media, urea was the most suitable source of nitrogen. Poor results were obtained with calcium cyanamide and ammonium sulfate. When urea was applied three separate times, nitrogen loss during composting was decreased and the total nitrogen content of compost was increased. The supplementation of organic nutrient activated compost fermentation and increased yield of A. bisporus. The best sources of organic nutrients selected were as follows: perilla meal, sesame meal, wheat bran and poultry manure, etc. Soybean meal, tobacco powder and glutamic acid fermentation byproducts which were industrial wastes, could be substituted for perilla meal, sesame meal and wheat bran as organic nutrient sources for compost media. During out door composing of rice straw for cultivation of A. bisporus, using of tuner, composter and tunnel system increased up to 13% of its yield, and also cut down 34% of production Cost. The cultivation of P. ostreatus and utilizing of rice straw and wheat straw was established and its yield was high on the rice straw pots. When the substrates 'Rice straw' was heated by steam at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr. mycelial growth of P. ostreatus was moderately rapid and its yield was high.