• 한국연초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1990

Pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of decomposing degree of rice straw on growth characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, NC82. Tobacco growth was hindered by fresh straw of rice application. Generally, it was known that if organic matter of high Carbon/Nitrogen ratio had applied in soil, there was temporary nitrogen deficiency in plant caused by soil microorganism utilized nitrogen contained organic matter. In pot experiment, it was supposed that tobacco growth hindered by fresh straw of rice application was not nitrogen deficiency by soil microorganism, but gas toxicity by fresh straw of rice application.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2013

Crop development and nutrient availability are strongly influenced by soil salinity levels. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer for silage barley under various soil salinity levels at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Three levels of rice straw (0, 2.5, 5.0 ton rice straw $ha^{-1}$) and N (0, 150, 225 kg N $ha^{-1}$) were applied at 0.04, 0.23, 0.35% soil salinity levels. Biomass yield of silage barley was influenced by the interactions between rice straw application and N fertilization. Although there was no single effect of rice straw application on biomass yield, it was significantly increased with N application and a rice straw application of 5.0 ton $ha^{-1}$. Sodium content in silage barley was significantly lower at 0.04% salinity level, and but it was statistically increased with increasing soil salinity levels. Forage qualities such as total digestible nutrients and relative feed value of silage barley were significantly higher with N application at 0.04% salinity level, but there was no effect of rice straw application. Soil organic matter content was increased with N and rice straw application regardless of soil salinity level. The results of this study showed that the effect of rice straw and N fertilization on silage barley was influenced by soil salinity levels, which indicates that the management practice of silage barley at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land should consider soil salinity levels.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.56-67
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• 1984

As in many other country, the use of organic matter in Korea has long history. Farmers understand the value of organic matter as the source of plant nutrient and soil improving agent in general. Since 50 years ago, the sources of organic matter in paddy soils were compost, rice and barly straw, green manure, animal waste, fish and beancake, etc.. Application of green manures such as vetch and chinese milk vetch showed no significant effect on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. On the other hand, the effects of compost and rice straw showed more significant on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. Application of rice straw in rice cultivation is commonly made at different times between harvest, early spring and several weeks before transplanting. Considering the suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield was pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory and field experimants, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients,. such as potassium, calcium, silicon, and increase of availability of soil phosphorus. In the field experiments, results obtained from nitrogen fraction on the immobilization-mineralization of the tracer nitrogen applied in paddy soil,the amount and index of organic nitrogen incoporated in soil was more pronounced in rice straw application than control. Rice straw and its transformation products incoporated in the soil, provided the inflow of energy necessary to maintain heterotrophic microbes activities. Rice straw and its transformation products, especially soluble carbohydrate, enhanced the population of free-living heterotrophic $N_2$ - fixing microbes. Moreover, rice straw and its transformation products in paddy soil, enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase and urease.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 1997

벼 건답직파 재배시 볏짚 시용과 질소 분시에 따른 벼 질소 흡수 양상을 검토하고자 호남평야지인 전북통에서 동진벼를 공시하여 포장 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건답기간중 토양질소의 변화 양상을 보면 요소태질소는 파종후 7일이후에는 검출되지 않았으나, $NH_4-N$는 파종후 7일, $NO_3-N$는 파종후 25일에 최대값을 나타냈다. 2. 토양 깊이 70cm에서 채취된 토양 용액중 $NO_3-N$의 농도는 질소분시가 적은 기비중점인 구에서 파종후 생육초기에 감소되는 양이 많았으며, 볏짚을 처리함 으로써 표토로부터 심토로 이동되는 양을 감소시킬수 있었다. 3. 수확기 질소흡수량은 볏짚시용시 질소3회 분시구에서 가장 많았으며, 시비질소에 의한 질소이용률은 20%였으나, 볏짚 시용으로 27%까지 향상 시킬수 있었다. 4. 질소 분시에 따른 수량은 관행 5070 kg/ha, 질소 전량 기비구 4970 kg/ha, 2회 분시구 5110 kg/ha, 3회 분시구 5150 kg/ha로 관행에 비하여 근소한 차이로 증가 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.901-906
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• 2010

The improvement of the fermentation quality of rice straw silage by application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and glucose was investigated in this study. Sixteen rice varieties were harvested at the maturity stage and the rice straw was ensiled with LAB inoculant ($1{\times}10^5$ cfu/g of fresh weight) and glucose (2% of fresh weight). Inoculation with LAB improved the fermentation as reflected in reductions in pH, acetic acid (by 3.7 to 78.3%), butyric acid (by -6.0 to 100.0%) and ammonia nitrogen (by 1.0 to 71.7%) concentrations, and increases in lactic acid (by 43.9 to 282.9%) and crude protein concentrations compared with the control. Application of LAB plus glucose was more effective in improving fermentation quality than LAB alone. The variety of rice straw which contained relatively high levels of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) tended to obtain better fermentation quality. The results suggested that LAB application and selection of rice varieties whose straw contained high levels of WSC were effective in improvement of the fermentation quality of rice straw silage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

맥류 성력 기계파종시 절단된 볏집을 토양 유기물원으로 환원함에 따른 맥류의 생육특성 및 토양환원 변화를 구명하고자 일련의 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리 재배시 볏짚을 토양에 투여할 경우 종자를 볏짚 밑부분에 파종하면 토양입자와 종자가 접착하게 되어 볏짚 윗부분에 종자를 파종한 경우보다 파종후 출현율이 11％ 향상되었다. 2. 볏짚을 유기물원으로 이용할 경우 퇴비시용품보다 월동전 초기생육은 부진했으나 내도복성과 천입종이 증대되었으며, 보리는 8％, 맥주보리는 20％ 각각 증수되었다. 3. 토양에 투여된 볏짚의 조기 부숙화를 위해 질소비료를 표준량보다 25％ 증비하거나, 석회 및 규산을 시용해줌으로써 볏짚 부숙율을 2∼6.9％ 높일 수 있었다. 4. 맥주보리 재배시 볏짚의 토양환원으로 천입종 및 정입율은 향상되었고, 종실의 조단백질 함량은 감소하여 곡립의 원맥 품질이 크게 향상되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.146-156
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• 1981

볏짚 시용량(施用量) 차이(差異)가 수도분벽(水稻分蘗)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보기 위(爲)하여 볏짚 시용량(施用量), 질소량(窒素量), 시용위치(施用位置) 및 배수(排水) 등(等)을 달리하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 볏짚 시용량(施用量) 증가(增加)는 초기분벽(初期分蘗)을 억제(抑制)하며, 최고분벽기출수기(最高分蘗期出穗期)를 지연(遲延)시키고 등숙율을 저하(低下)시켰다. 2. 볏짚 시용(施用)에 의(依)한 초기분벽기(初期分蘗期) 및 출수기(出穗期) 지연(遲延)을 단축(短縮)시켜 주지 못하였다. 3. 초기분벽(初期分蘗) 억제(抑制) 방지(防止)로서는 배수(排水)와 심층(深層) 시용(施用)이 효과적(效果的)이였다. 4. 볏짚 시용(施用)으로 토양(土壤)의 유기물(有機物) 및 칼륨의 증가(增加)가 현저(顯著)하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 1988

유기물연용(有機物連用)이 답토양(畓土壤)의 물리적(物理的) 및 역학성(力學性)과 수량(收量)의 년차간(年次間) 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)코자 하해혼성평탄지(河海混成平坦地) 토양(土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 유기물(有機物) 무시용(無施用), 생고(生藁) 500, 퇴비(堆肥) 1,000kg/10a을 처리(處理)하고 질소수준(窒素水準)(0, 15, 20kg/10a)을 달리하여 1979-1987년(年)까지 9년(年)동안 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 입경조성비(粒徑組成比)는 유기물연용구(有機物連用區)에서 무시용구(無施用區)에 비(比)하여 점토(粘土) 및 미사(微砂)의 조성비(組成比)가 약우(若于) 감소(減少)되었으나 모래의 조성비(組成比)는 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 용적밀도(容積密度)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)에 유기물(有機物)을 시용(施用)하므로서 표토(表土)에서 낮아졌고 퇴비구(堆肥區)에 비(比)하여 생고연용구(生藁連用區)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3. 토양(土壤)의 삼상비(三相比)는 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 고상(固相)의 비(比)는 낮아지고 액상(液相)과 기상(氣相)의 비(比)는 증가(增加)되었으나 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 액상(液相), 생고구(生藁區)에서 기상(氣相)이 가장 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 4. 내수성입단(耐水性粒團)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 2mm 이상(以上)의 입단(粒團)이 증가(增加)하였으며, 퇴비구(堆肥區)보다 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 2mm의 누적립단(累積粒團)이 66.5%로서 질소무시용구(窒素無施用區)의 유기물(有機物) 무시용구(無施用區)보다 9.1 %가 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 액성(液性) 및 소성한계(塑性限界)와 소성지수(塑性指數)는 생고(生藁)>퇴비(堆肥)>무시용구(無施用區) 순(順)이며 액성(液性) 지수(指數)는 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 크게 낮아졌다. 6. COLE치(値)는 수직(垂直)보다 수평(水平)에서 또 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a시용(施用)의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 가장 크며, 원추(圓錐) 및 전단저항(剪斷抵抗)은 생고연용구(生藁連用區)의 질소(窒素)를 첨가(添加)한 구(區)에서 가장 낮았고 마찰저항(摩擦抵抗)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 무시용구(無施用區)보다 높아졌다. 7. 수량지수(收量指數) 변화(變化)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)은 퇴비연용구(堆肥連用區)에서 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 높았고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a는 퇴비(堆肥) 및 생고연용구(生藁連用區) 사이에 년차간(年次間) 경합변화(競合變化)를 보였으며, 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a에서는 6년차(年次)부터 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1397-1401
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• 2007

An in situ experiment was conducted to find out whether Tween 80 improves rice straw digestion through increased adhesion of major fibrolytic bacteria. Rice straw was sprayed with various levels of Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant or SDS ionic surfactant 24 h before incubation in the rumen of Holstein steers. Dry matter (DM) disappearance and adhesion of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus on rice straw after in situ incubation were measured by real-time PCR. Application of Tween 80 increased DM disappearance, which was more noticeable at an application level of 1% compared to lower application levels. Application of SDS resulted in an opposite response in DM disappearance with highest reduction in DM disappearance at 1% level. In a subsequent in situ experiment, higher Tween 80 was applied to rice straw in an attempt to find the optimum application level. Tween 80 at 2.5% gave better DM disappearance than 1% with a similar result at 5%. Therefore, an adhesion study was carried out using rice straw treated with 2.5% Tween 80. Our results indicated that Tween 80 reduced adhesion of all three major rumen fibrolytic bacteria to rice straw. Present data clearly show that improved DM disappearance by Tween 80 is not due to increased bacterial adhesion onto substrates.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2002

The rice straw managements are essential for maintaining soil fertility as well as reducing chemical fertilizer application in paddy field. A field experiment was conducted on moderately well draining alluvial paddy soil to investigate the decomposition pattern of rice straw. The mesh bags containing the rice straw harvested in the previous year were placed at soil surface and buried into around 10cm depth and recovered periodically for determining the straw decomposition. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the fates of N released from $^{15}$ N-labeled rice straw under different levels of N fertilizer application. The overall decomposition patterns of rice straw were similar for the two incorporation depths in transplanted paddy field. The straw incorporated at transplanting date showed weight loss of about 50%, 70% and 90% after 2 months, 5 months, and 2 years, respectively. The decompositions of straw cell wall components showed somewhat different pattern. The decompositions of cellulose and silica were similar to that of dry weight while the decomposition of lignin was slower than that of cellulose and silica. N was released from rice straw 42% and 65 % of the initial N after one month and after five months, respectively. P release was faster than N release. Recoveries of rice straw-$^{15}$ N by rice plants were 10.2, 13.4 and 14.9% in 0, 120 and 240 mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively. Soil recoveries of rice straw $^{15}$ N were 17.3, 20.6 and 18.9% in 0, 120 and 240mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively.