• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 2003

평균체중 120kg 내외의 생후 5개월령 한우 27두를 외과적 수술로 거세를 실시한 후 대조구(볏짚 급여구) 10두와 시험구(마늘대 사일리지 급여구) 17두로 나누어 사양시험을 22개월 동안 실시하였다. 농후사료는 대조구에서 육성기, 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안 각각 체중의 1.34, 1.69 및 1.65%를 급여하였고 시험구에서는 1.47, 1.74 및 1.66%를 급여하였다. 조사료원으로 볏짚을 대조구에서 육성기, 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안 각각 체중의 1.37, 0.65 및 0.43%를 급여하였고 시험구에서는 1.38, 0.63 및 0.43%를 급여하였다. 또한 시험구에서는 마늘대 사일리지를 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안 각각 체중의 0.22 및 0.33%를 급여하였다. 본시험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 전기간 동안 대조구와 시험구간에 각각 0.80 및 0.81kg으로 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P〉0.05). 농후사료 섭취량은 대조구와 시험구 각각 5.02kg 및 5.35kg으로 시험구가 약간 높았지만 유의적인 차이는 없었으며(P〉0.05), 조사료 섭취량은 대조구와 시험구 각각 2.58 및 3.58kg이었고, 사료효율은 대조구와 시험구가 각각 9.50 및 11.05로 차이는 없었다. 육량 등급은 마늘대 급여구가 약간 낮았지만 유의적인 차이는 없었고(P〉0.05), 육질 등급은 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 시험구가 약간 높았다. 쇠고기의 전단력은 마늘대 급여구가 볏짚 급여구보다 낮았다. 도체의 아미노산 조성은 필수 아미노산 및 비필수 아미노산 모두 처리구간에 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 도체의 지방산 조성 중 포화 지방산은 대조구가 약간 높았고, 불포화 지방산은 반대로 처리구가 약간 높았다. $\omega$-6과 $\omega$-3 지방산의 비율은 마늘대 급여구가 볏짚 급여구보다 좁아서 마늘대 급여가 불포화지방산중 oleic acid 함량이 볏짚 급여구에 비하여 더 높아서 근육 중의 지방산의 조성을 좋게 하는 것 같다. 두당 소득은 시험구가 대조구보다 22.54% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 한우 거세우에 마늘대 사일리지를 비육기간 동안 급여하면 거세우의 증체에는 영향을 주지는 않지만, 한우 사육 농가에는 소득의 증대를 가져오므로 마늘대 사일리지를 조사료 공급원으로 급여하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2017

Background: Very limited information exists on the ruminal degradation kinetics of nutrients in garlic stalk. The present study aimed to survey the annual yield of garlic stalk in Korea and determine its feed-nutritive value for ruminants. Methods: In Experiment 1, garlic stalk was incubated in situ in the rumen of two Hanwoo steers ($360{\pm}15kg$ body weight) and removed after 12, 24, or 48 h to determine the ruminal degradation kinetics of DM and NDF. Rice straw was also included for comparison. In Experiment 2, In Experiment 2, six male Corriedale sheep were randomized to two dietary treatments to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients in garlic stalk. Diets included a control ration without garlic stalk (60% concentrate mix +40% ryegrass) or a treatment ration (70% control diet +30% garlic stalk). Results: The Korean national yield of garlic stalk (sun-dried basis) in 2016 was estimated to be 31,910 tons, with the southern coastal regions producing the highest quantity. Compared with rice straw, garlic stalk had lower NDF, higher ADF, and greater effective degradabilities of DM and NDF, resulting in a greater TDN value (56.3%), which was higher than that obtained for rice straw (43.7%). Conclusion: These results provide basic information on the ruminal DM and NDF degradation kinetics of garlic stalk, which would be helpful for the efficient utilization of this by-product in ruminant diets

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2003

Flexural rigidity(EI) and deflection characteristics of rice stalks were studied to investigate the mechanical interaction between a rice stalk and a combine reel in harvesting. Deflection of a rice stalk caused by reel operation is so large that conventional equation of small deflection fer elastic beam cannot be applied to the study of deflection characteristics. Therefore, an equation of large deflection for elastic beam was introduced in this study. Feasibility of this equation was examined by comparing theoretical calculation with the measured results for piano wire, and by the relationship between deflection and load acting on a rice stalk which was presumed by this equation. Results showed that the large deflection equation could predict the measurement data quite well. From this research, the following results were obtained. 1. Flexural rigidity(EI) calculated from the equation of large deflection was 4.0${\times}$l0$^4$N$.$$\textrm{mm}^2$(diameter 1.4mm, deflection 300mm) while the actual EI value of a piano wire(diameter 1.4mm) was 3.9${\times}$10$^4$N$.$$\textrm{mm}^2$. 2. The relationship between deflection and load acting on a rice stalk could be presumed by the large deflection equation. Flexural rigidity values of tested rice stalks calculated from the equation of large deflection were 1.6∼2.4${\times}$ l0$^4$N$.$$\textrm{mm}^2$(Hwa sung), 2.7∼3.5${\times}$ l0$^4$N$.$$\textrm{mm}^2$(Il pum) and 1.7∼2.4${\times}$ l0$^4$N$.$$\textrm{mm}^2$(Damakum)

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1996

The mechanical properties of biological materials depend on numerous factors. The majority of these relationships are still unknown today, especially with regard to their quantitative characteristics. The reason is that biological materials constitute biomechanical systems of very complex construction, whose behavior cannot be characterized by simple physical constants, as for example can that of engineering materials. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the compression creep and recovery properties of rice stalks at various levels of applied load The compression creep and recovery behavior of the rice stalk could be predicted precisely by rheological model which approached closely to the measured values. But the coefficients of the Burgers recovery model were different from those of the creep model. The Steady state creep behavior occurred at the higher level of force and the logarithmic creep behavior occurred at the lower level of force. The mechanical model being expected the creep behavior in relation with the level of applied load, which was well explained that the rice stalk might be visco-elastic material.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1984

볏짚, 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage의 조제(調製) 시(時)에 고구마의 첨가(添加)가 이들 silage의 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 silage 조제시(調製時)에 파쇄(破碎)한 생 고구마를 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage에는 각각(各各) 5~15%, 볏짚 silage에는 10~30%로 첨가(添加)하여 조제(調製)한 후(後)에 완성(完成)된 silage의 일반조성분(一般組成分), 유기산(有機酸) 및 pH를 측정(測定)하여 품질(品質)을 평가(評價)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Silage의 일반(一般) 조성분(組成分) 중(中)에서 수분(水分) 함량(含量)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서, 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)은 클로버 silage에서 그리고 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)과 조직유(粗織維)의 함량(含量)은 볏짚 silage에서 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아 질수록 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)은 증가(增加)되었고 조직유(粗織維)는 감소(減少)되었다. 2. Silage의 총산함량(總酸含量)은 클로버 silage에서 1.96~2.75%로 가장 높았고, 총산(總酸)에 대(對)한 유산(乳酸)의 비율(比率)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서 81~85%로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加)수준(水準)이 높을 수록 총산함량(總酸含量)에 대(對)한 유산함량(乳酸含量)의 비율(比率)이 증가(增加)되었다. 3. Silage의 pH는 고구마덩굴 silage에서 4.10~4.20으로 가장 낮았고 볏짚 silage에서 4.75~5.22로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加) 수준(水準)이 높을 수록 pH가 낮아졌다. 4. 고구마 첨가시(添加時)에 고구마의 시중가격(市中價格)을 고려(考慮)한다면 고구마덩굴 silage에서는 첨가효과(添加效果)가 크게 기대(期待)되지 않으나 클로버 silage에서는 5%, 볏짚 silage에서는 10% 정도(程度)가 적당(適當)하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed resources and collection system of nonconventional agricultural roughages, and reduction of environment pollution by turning non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources and diversification of feed supply. And a series of experiment were conducted to determine the effect of moisture control material on quality of sweet potato stalk, peanut stalk, barley straw, the experiments were conducted at Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1999 and 2000. The results obtained from these experiments are summarized as follows; Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of sweet potato were 38.8, 50.7 and 58.2% in the control silage, but that of rice straw added silage for moisture control were decreased to 41.5, 50.8 and 56.1%. ADF, NDF, CP(crude protein) and TDN of peanut stalk were 42.2, 49.6, 10.5 and 55.6% on the rice straw added silage for moisture control, and there were not affected by barely straw added silage for moisture control. And ADF, NDF and TDN content of barely straw increased 42.8, 65.8 and 55.1% on the water+inoculants treated silage. The results of this study indicate that non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources should be make for silage at silo after dry matter percentage(ab0ut 35%) control. Also, rice straw added silage for moisture control will improve the silage fermentation and conservation. (Key words : Feed resources, Non-conventional agriculture, Fermentation, Inoculant, Rice straw)

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.402-409
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• 1993

During all mechanical processes rice plants are subjected to verious forces such as natural load of wind and mechanical load of agricultural machines. A force is always accompanied by deformation, which must be either sufficiently great for pressing or sufficiently slight in order to avoid damage. The mechanical behavior of the rice plants is determined by three variables : force, deformation and time. And they must be studied using rheological methods to determine their viscoelastic properties. This study is conducted to experimentally determine the mechanical and rheological properties of the rice stalks subjected to radial load. The force relaxation tests are performed under constant deformation, during which the reduction of forces over time is measured. The mechanical models were developed from the abtained data. The results were as follows : 1. The relaxation behavior of a rice stalk in radial compession may be described by a generalized Maxwell model consisting of 3 Maxwell elements in parallel. 2. Relaxatiom intensity always decreased with increased time of relaxation. 3. The rate of deformation has a significant effect on the relaxation behavior. having increasing pattern with an increase in rate of deformation. 4. The relaxation intensity and residual deformation increased with increased initial load. 5. The relaxtion of the intermediate portion of stalk was bigger tham that of the upper and lower portions.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate the transplanting time, optimum fertilization and harvesting method, chemical contents and physical properties of burley tobacco in paddy field. The results obtained as follows. 1. It is recommendable to transplant after March. 29 to escape the frost injury. By reducing compound fertilizer and whole plant stalk curing, advanced the. last priming date by 5-8 days. 2. Total alkaloid, total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of cured leaf was comparable to those of upland-produce(1 tobacco, but potassium and chloride contents some what high. 3. Filling power and combustibility was also comparable to upland, and filling power was increased by reducing fertilizer and whole plant stalk curing. 4. In the 20o reducing fertilizer-5 Primings volt. the yield was some what decreased, but visual quality and value per 10a were high. 5. The total raw income of tobacco and rice cropping was increased 124~170% than that of rice cropping.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1999년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.30-37
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• 1999

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

In Korea, salt stress is one of the major problems limiting crop production and eco-environmental quality in greenhouse soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organic residues (Chinese milk vetch, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) for reducing salt activity in greenhouse soil. Organic residues was incorporated with salt-accumulated soil (EC, 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$) at the rate of 5% (wt $wt^{-1}$) and the changes of electrical conductivity (EC) was determined weekly for 8 weeks under incubation condition at $30^{\circ}C$. The EC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and water soluble ions in soil was strongly affected by C/N ratio of organic residues. After 8 weeks incubation, the concentration of water soluble $NO_3{^-},\;Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ was significantly decreased in organic residues having high C/N ratio (maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) incorporated soil compared to organic residues having lower C/N ratio (Chinese milk vetch) incorporated soil. The EC value in Chinese milk vetch incorporated soil was higher than control treatment. In contrast, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw amended soil was highly decreased the EC value compared to control and Chinese milk vetch applied soil after 4 weeks incubation. Our results indicated that incorporation of organic residues having high C/N ratio (>30) could reduce salt activity resulting from reducing concentration of water soluble ions.