• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2012

In the continued research on natural fungicides for control of plant diseases by using plant-derived products, we found that Spatholobus suberectus Dunn had a strong fungicidal activity against several plant pathogens. S. suberectus (1 kg) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and then the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$ successively. The four layers were tested their disease contron efficacies against 6 plant diseases such as rice blast (RCB), rice sheath blight (RSB), tomato grey mold (TGM), tomato late blight (TLB), wheat leaf rust (WLR), and barley powdery mildew (BPM). The EtOAc fraction was highly active showing over 80% control against RCB, TGM, TLB, and BPM. By using silica gel chromatography, preparative TLC and HPLC, six compounds that were expected to have antifungal activity were separated. Their chemical structures were identified as ethanone, hydroxytyrosol, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, dimethoxy daizein and formononetin by ESI-MS, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The chemicals except epicatechin were first reported in S. suberectus. Study on in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the isolated compounds is in progress.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Large amount of veterinary antibiotics have been used in the livestock industry to prevent diseases and promote growth. These antibiotics are excreted through feces and urine in unchanged form and reach to agricultural fields via application of the livestock manure based composts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of tetracyclines-resistant bacteria in the soil received livestock manure compost for a long term. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tetracyclines (tetracycline TC, chlortetracycline CTC, and oxytetracycline OTC) resistance bacteria in the soil of rice-onion field applied pig manure compost (PM), in the soil of grass-rye field received cow manure compost (CM), and in the soil of rice field applied inorganic fertilizer (NPK) were determined. The soil received livestock manure composts clearly showed higher number of TC, CTC, and OTC resistance bacteria compared with the soil treated with inorganic fertilizer. The antibiotic resistant bacteria recovered appeared at 80 mg/L of tetracyclines was identified 1 specie, 6 genera 7 species, and 6 genera 7species in the soils received CM, PM, and NPK, respectively. The dominant resistant bacteria with the CM and PM application were Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus. CONCLUSION: The application of livestock manure compost in the agricultural field is likely to contribute the occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the agricultural environment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

This paper describes a web-based information system for plant disease forecast that was developed for crop growers in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The system generates hourly or daily warnings at the spatial resolution of $240\;m{\times}240\;m$ based on weather data. The system consists of four components including weather data acquisition system, job process system, data storage system, and web service system. The spatial resolution of disease forecast is high enough to estimate daily or hourly infection risks of individual farms, so that farmers can use the forecast information practically in determining if and when fungicides are to be sprayed to control diseases. Currently, forecasting models for blast, sheath blight, and grain rot of rice, and scab and rust of pear are available for the system. As for the spatial interpolation of weather data, the interpolated temperature and relative humidity showed high accuracy as compared with the observed data at the same locations. However, the spatial interpolation of rainfall and leaf wetness events needs to be improved. For rice blast forecasting, 44.5% of infection warnings based on the observed weather data were correctly estimated when the disease forecast was made based on the interpolated weather data. The low accuracy in disease forecast based on the interpolated weather data was mainly due to the failure in estimating leaf wetness events.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6527-6534
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• 2015

Background: In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. Materials and Methods: Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. Results: In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p< 0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2005

Abstract Griseofulvin has been used as an antifungal antibiotic for the treatment of mycotic diseases of humans and veterinary animals. The purpose of this work was to identify a griseofulvin-producing endophytic fungus from Abies holophylla and evaluate its in vivo antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. Based on nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8SITS2 sequence analysis, the fungus was identified and labeled as Xylaria sp. F0010. Two antifungal substances were purified from liquid cultures of Xylaria sp. F0010, and their chemical identities were determined to be griseofulvin and dechlorogriseofulvin through mass and NMR spectral analyses. Compared to dechlorogriseofulvin, griseofulvin showed high in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity, and effectively controlled the development of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), rice sheath blight (Corticium sasaki), wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita), and barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), at doses of 50 to 150 ${\mu}$g/ml, depending on the disease. This is the first report on the production of griseofulvin and dechlorogriseofulvin by Xylaria species.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

A new 3-amino-1,3-thiazoline chemical library was synthesized through parallel synthetic technology and in vivo antifungal activity of the compounds were investigated against the typical 6 plant diseases (100 ppm). The characteristic feature of these derivatives was that both a benzyl moiety in C-2 imino and an amino group in C-3 of 2-imino-1,3-thiazoline scaffold were substituted in the molecule respectively. Some compounds showed antifungal activity with selectivity against tomato late blight and rice blast. The fungitoxicity would be attributed to 3,4-dichlorophenyl moiety of the benzyl group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2002

New 2-benzoylimino-1,3-oxathile derivatives 3 were synthesized and tested their fungicidal activities for the development of new agrochemical fungicide. Reaction of ${\gamma}-chloro-{\beta}-keto$ anilide derivative 5 with potassium thiocyanate followed by the treatment of acid catalyst gave cyclyzed 2-imino-1,3-oxathiole 3. New compound 3 reacted with benzoyl· chlorides to afford the corresponding 2-benzoylimino-1,3-oxathiole derivatives 7. Antifungal screening (in vivo) of the synthesized compounds against typical plant diseases, which include rice blast, rice sheath blight, cucumber gray mold, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew, was carried out. No significant fungicidal activities were shown of the synthesized compounds at 100 mg/l.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females ($62.5{\pm}11.2y$) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.695-706
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on lunch and degree of obesity, eating habits in culinary college male students. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 106 male students in a Hongseung-located culinary college. Over 16 minutes of time spent on lunch group had significantly lower body weights, obesity degrees and body mass index (BMI) and tended to have lower body fat % than the other groups. It suggests that shorter time spent on lunch is related with lower body weight, obesity degree and BMI. Those who ate the meal prepared by mother had longer time spent on lunch. The shorter times spent on lunch group recognized their body shape was lean, the longer time spent on lunch group recognized the overweight or obesity significantly. The shorter time spent on lunch group tended to eat the cooked rice in the gug and recognized that they were not healthy. Those who had diseases in the past tended to have shorter time spent on lunch. The more they chewed cooked rice and then longer time spent on lunch they had, they recognized their eating speed was not significantly speedy. The shorter time spent on lunch they had, the fewer fruits and salty foods they ate significantly. This study suggests that more chewing time. slower eating speed and longer time spent on eatmg lunch is very related with lowering weight, BMI, body fat % and obesity degrees, so male college students should be educated to have correct eating habits.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The severe damage induced by the important viruses of Rice stripe virus (RSV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was described on major crops in Korea. In 2007, the plot incidence rate of RSV was 100% on the precocious rice cultivars at the Western coastal provinces of Gyeonggido, Chungcheongnamdo, Jellabugdo and Jellanamdo, and Jejudo. RSV occurred in 2,441 ha with incidence rate of 70% over at 5 areas of Seocheon, Seosan, Boryung, Hongsung and Buyou in Chungcheongnamdo. At 4 areas of Buan, Gimje, Gunsan and Gochang in Jellabukdo, RSV occurred in 2.016 ha. CGMMV occurred on watermelon in 4.6 ha at Cheongyang area, and its outbreak was also 890 ha on oriental melon for 120 farmers with the incidence area of 23% against total cultivation areas of Seongju. MNSV was recorded firstly on watermelon in 2006 at Andong and it spread to 3 areas of Hapcheon, Gochang and Yanggu. TSWV occurred firstly at Danggin in Chungcheongnamdo in 2005. TSWV in 2006 spread to 6 areas; Taian, Hongsung and Seosan in Chungcheongnando, Namwon in Jellabukdo, and Sunchon and Kwangju in Jellanamdo. In 2007, TSWV covered 17 areas of western and southern parts; the 5 area including Taian in Chungcheongnamdo, Kwangju in Jellanamdo, Bucheon in Gyunggido, and so forth. TBSV was described firstly on table tomato at Sacheon in Kyungsangnamdo in 2004. TBSV occurred on cherry tomato at Chungju in 2006 and on table tomato at Busan area.