• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2005

Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activities of Phellinus linteus (PL) and Phellinus linteus Grow in Germinated Brown Rice (BRPL). In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first examined the extracts' inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines activated with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, we examined the inhibitory effects of the PL and BRPL extracts on pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. NO production and iNOS expression was significantly augmented in LPS treated cell, the production of NO and iNOS was greater in the BRPL than in the PL group. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in BRPL showed relatively more potent pro-inflammatory-activity inhibition compared to that of PL. These results suggest that BRPL may have significant effects on inflammatory factors, and may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic materials.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.106-107
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• 2003

The effect of biological control agent Bacillus sp. (BAC03-3-1, BAC03-3-2, BAC02-4) on pre- and postemergence Sclerotinia rot of perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was determined from greenhouse field trials. The ability of this antagonist to reduce germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum was also evaluated. In the greenhouse, suspension of BAC03-3-1 application as root drench of perilla, which provided as little as 10$\^$7/ cells/ $m\ell$ per gram of soil, significantly increased plant stand in pathogen-infested soil over that in the untreated control. All three isolates reduced the germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in loamy sand soils in the greenhouse. In loamy sand amended with rice bran the sclerotial germination was inversely correlated (r = -0.79) with perilla stand in the greenhouse. However, a higher rate of bacterial suspension with rice bran(Ig dwt./100g soil) than that applied with bacterial suspensions only was necessary to achieve a comparable reduction in sclerotial germination. In field study, all three isolates added to soil to provide 10$\^$7/ cells/$m\ell$ per gram significantly prevented Sclerotinia rot (73-85％) after 35 days of growth. The isolate BAC02-4, BAC03-3-1 and BAC03-3-2 gave final stands of 65 to 75, 60 to 70, and 55 to 60％, respectively. The addition of rice bran(1 ％) to loamy sand in the field resulted in a 10-fold increase in propagule numbers of the three isolates within 10 days of application.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2008

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a glycoprotein and hematopoietic growth factors that regulates the proliferation of myeloid precursor cells and activates mature granulocytes and macrophages. In a previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study, we examined the repeated dose toxicity of rhGM-CSF in SD rats. The repeated dose toxicity study was performed at each dose of 50 and 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ subcutaneous administration of rhGM-CSF everyday for 28-days period. The results did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the tested groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF may show no repeated dose toxicity in SD rats under the conditions.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was conducted to analyze the change in quality characteristics of Ddukguk Garaedduk and Ddukgukdduk by the frequency of extruding rice dough. Methods: Ddukguk Garaedduk samples were made by extruding and shaping rice flour dough 2, 3, and 4 times; while Ddukgukdduk samples were made by drying the Ddukguk Garaedduk at room temperature for 48 hours and slicing them in slices of 0.3 cm thickness. Results: Significant differences were not found in water content by the extrusion frequency for Ddukguk Garaedduk and Ddukgukdduk. The adhesiveness and springiness of Ddukguk Garaedduk with a 4 times extrusion were significantly higher than those of Ddukguk Garaedduk with a 2 times extrusion. Ddukgukdduk with a 4 times extrusion generated finer cells and a more even distribution of cells than the other samples, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Upon boiling, significantly more water was absorbed in Ddukgukdduk of a 2 times extrusion than in that of a 4 times extrusion. Hardness and adhesiveness scores of the cooked Ddukgukdduk were the highest, and springiness was the lowest in the sample with the 4 times extrusion. Conclusion: The extrusion of rice dough makes the structure of Ddukguk Garaedduk finer and more even, which results in the increased adhesiveness of Ddukguk Garaedduk. When cooking Ddukguk, Ddukgukdduk that has been extruded more absorbs less water and dissolves less solids, which maintains the chewiness and structure of cooked Ddukgukdduk.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.843-850
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 전통주 제조시 부산물로 생산되는 주박과 누룩으로부터 추출물과 유기용매 분획물을 총 85종을 제조하고, 이들에 의한 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. 85종의 분획물 중 선별한 세 가지의 분획물(KSD-E1-3, KSD-E2-3, KSD-E4-3)에 의해서 LPS에 의해 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 nitric oxide 생산이 현저히 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 세가지 분획물에 의해 염증유발 유전자인 COX-2, TNF-alpha, 그리고 iNOS 유전자의 발현이 감소되었다. 세 가지 분획물 중 KSD-E4-3에 의한 항염증 활성의 작용기전을 이해하기 위하여 oligo DNA microarray를 수행하였다. 마이크로어레이 결과 발현이 감소된 유전자 중 염증과 관련된 유전자 6개(IL-1F6, iNOS, IL-10, Fabp4, IL-1RN, CSF2)를 선택하여, RT-PCR과 정량적 real-time PCR을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 모든 유전자의 발현이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 전통주 주박이 항염증 활성을 가지고 있는 식품이나 약품을 개발하는데 필요한 새로운 자원으로서 활용 가능함을 시사하는 것이다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2016

본 연구는 밀가루의 일정량을 당진 특산물인 해나루 쌀가루를 10%, 30%, 50% 대체하여 제조된 식빵의 품질 특성을 알아보고자 진행되었다. 발효율, pH, 부피, 비용적, TPA, 영상분석, 색도, 기호도 검사, 특성차이 검사를 통하여 해나루 쌀가루를 첨가한 식빵을 분석하였다. 발효율은 60분까지는 대조구가 가장 좋았으나, 그 이후부터는 HRF 50 시료를 제외한 나머지 시료 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 반죽과 식빵 모두 해나루 쌀가루의 첨가량이 높을수록 pH가 높아졌고, 쌀식빵의 부피와 비용적은 감소하였다. TPA와 영상분석 결과, 쌀가루 첨가량이 많을수록 경도와 기공의 조밀도는 증가하였으며, 기공의 찌그러짐은 감소하였고, 색도는 해나루 쌀가루 첨가량에 따라 b값이 낮아졌다. 관능검사 결과 조직감과 풍미, 전체적인 기호도에서 대조구가 가장 좋은 평가를 받았으나, 외관은 HRF 30, 맛은 HRF 10이 대조구보다 더 좋게 평가되었으며, 세 시료 간 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않아 결과적으로 해나루 쌀가루를 30%까지 첨가하여도 밀가루 식빵과 소비자의 기호도에서 큰 차이는 나타나지 않을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2006

Even though Ac/Ds gene-tagging systems have been established in many higher plants, maize is the only major plant in which short-distance transposition of Ac/Ds has been utilized to probe gene function. This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of obtaining new alleles and functional revertants from Ds insertion loci in rice. By analyzing 1,580 plants and the progeny of selected lines, the insertion sites and orientations of Ds elements within 16 new heritable alleles of three rice loci were identified and characterized. Intragenic transposition was detected in both directions from the original insertion sites. The closest interval was 35 bp. Three of the alleles had two Ds elements in cis configuration in the same transcription units. We also analyzed the excision footprints of intragenic and extragenic transpositions in Ds-inserted alleles at 5 loci. The 134 footprints obtained from different plants revealed predominant patterns. Ds excision at each locus left a predominant footprint at frequencies of 30-75%. Overall, 66% of the footprints were 7-bp additions. In addition, 16% of the excisions left 0-, 3-, 6-, and 9-bp additions with the potential of conserving reading frame.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2010

'호농'은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 운봉31호의 개화시에 MNU를 수정란(미숙배)에 처리한 후대에서 선발하여 2009년도에 품종보호권을 출원한 품종이다. 1. 남서해안지, 호남 및 영남평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 19일로 '남평벼'보다 2일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 간장은 79 cm로 '남평벼'와 비슷하며, 수당립수는 적고 등숙비율이 다소 높은 중립종이다. 3. 위조현상은 나타나지 않았으며 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 남평벼보다 잘 되는 편이다. 내냉성은 보통이다. 4. '호농'은 도열병, 벼흰잎마름병(K1-K3), 줄무늬잎마름병에 저항성 반응을 보였다. 5. 입형은 현미장폭비가 1.86으로 단원형이며 심복백은 거의 없고 남평벼 수준으로 맑고 투명하다. 아밀로오스 함량은 남평벼에 비해 높고 단백질함량은 낮은 편이며 밥맛은 매우 양호하다. 6. 쌀수량은 보통기 표준재배에서 5.44 MT/ha로 남평벼보다 4% 적은 편이다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.105-108
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• 2003

To enhance the performance of a serum-free medium (SFM) for human thrombopoietin (hTPO) production in suspension cultures of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, several low-cost hydrolysates such as yeast hydrolysate (YH), soy hydrolysate, wheat gluten hydrolysate and rice hydrolysate were tested as medium additives. Among various hydrolysates tested, the positive effect of YH on hTPO production was most significant. When 5 g/L YH was added to SFM, the maximum hTPO concentration in batch culture was 40.41 ${\mu}g/mL$, which is 11.5 times higher than that in SFM without YH supplementation. This enhanced hTPO production in YH-supplemented SFM was obtained by the combined effect of enhanced $q_{hTPO}$ and increased culture longevity. In addition YH supplementation did not affect in vivo biological activity of hTPO. Taken together, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of YH as a medium additive for hTPO production in serum-free suspension cultures of rCHO cells.