• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 1996

The ultrastructure of the compound starch granules and the protein bodies of Odaebyeo rice of early matured variety were examined by light microscope and electron microscope. The endosperm cell appealed rectangular or octangular shape on the cross section. The thickness of cell wall containing of membraneous materials was about $0.5\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The starch cell was filled compactly with globular or oval shaped compound starch granules with the size of $20{\sim}25\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The compound starch granules were consisted of central core starch granule and concentrical $2{\sim}3$ layers of starch granules. The average thickness of the starch granules were about $5\;{\mu}m$. Most protein bodies were found in the aleurone layer The globular protin bodies were scattered near the compound starch granules and $2.5{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The protein bodies composed of central electron dense materials and peripheral electron loose materials in limiting membrane.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.817-819
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• 2003

Land degradation is a crucial issue in mountainous areas and is manifested in a variety of processes. For its assessment, application of existing models is not straightforward. In addition, data availability might be a problem. In this paper, a procedure for land degradation assessment is described, which follows a four-step approach: (1) detection, inventory and mapping of land degradation features, (2) assessing the magnitude of soil loss, (3) study of causal factors, and (4) hazard assessment by applying decision trees. This approach is applied to a case study in the Middle Mountain region of Nepal. The study shows that individual mass movement features such as debris slides and slumps can be easily mapped by photo interpretation techniques. Application of soil loss estimation models helps get insight on the magnitude of soil losses. In the study area soil losses are higher in rainfed crops on sloping terraces (highest soil loss is 32 tons/ha/yr) and minimal under dense forest and in irrigated rice fields (less than 1 ton/ha/yr). However there is high frequency of slope failures in the form of slumps in the rice fields. Debris slides are more common on south-facing slopes under rainfed agriculture or in degraded forest. Field evidences and analysis of causal factors for land degradation helps in building decision trees, the use of which for modelling land degradation has the advantage that attributes can be ranked and tested according to their importance. In addition, decision trees are simple to construct, easy to implement and very flexible in adaptations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.733-738
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• 1998

Tannic acid (TA), chlorogenic acid (GA) and caffeic acid (CA) as copigments were added in anthocyanin solutions (pH 3.0) to test their effects on the stability against temperatures, metal ions, and light. Absorbance of anthocyanins increased with the increase of copigment concentrations. Tannic acid showed the highest absorbance increase with bathochromic shift of 14 nm (from 514 nm to 528 nm). Copigmentation resulted in higher storage stability of anthocyanins for 21 days at room temperature $925^{\circ}C)$ but lower thermal stability at higher temperatures more than $70^{\circ}C. Addition of metal ions to TA caused the enhanced stability as well as increased absorbance of anthocyanins. Copigmentation also caused a significant increase of light stablilty of anthocyanins at room temperature, so that addition of TA showed 2.3 times showed photodegradation of anthocyanins under 20,000 lux-light dosage in pH 3.0 solution at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2021

Eumsikjeoljo (integrity with food) originally came from the Andong district, where the Goseong Yi clan inherited a cookbook from their ancestor Lee Jeong-Rong (1798~1871). The cookbook was written in an antiquated style and is estimated to have been written around the year 1865. Details of the era and authorship are seldom available for the extant ancient cookbooks. The authors of these books and the period during which these books were precisely written were studied through the Eumsikjeoljo which is a repository of 46 cooking disciplines. Of these 10 deal with the practice of traditional Korean crispy snack making, 4 with rice cake making, 3 of the yeonbyeong kind, 19 examples of Korean side dish making, 6 recipes of the kimchi variety, 2 examples of paste-based recipes, and 2 instances of instructions on how to make vinegar-based extracts. Also, in Eumsikjeoljo, there are descriptions of 29 different ways to brew rice wine. Of these, Danyang wine among the Leehwa wines and 13 others account for over 44% of the content. Leeyang wine and Sogok wine are represented by 10 different varieties and constitute around 34% of the entries. Samyang wine and Baek-il wine, along with 6 others, constitute 21% of the entries. The secret recipes of the Goseong Yi clan in the Andong district were recorded so that they could be transferred to the descendants of the clan. An inspection of the recipes and wine brewing techniques recorded in Eumsikjeoljo provides a clearer picture of the mid-1800s Andong noble family's traditional food habits and simultaneously sheds light on the late Joseon dynasty's food culture.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of byeolmijang prepared several roasted whole grain powders (oat, brown rice, black soybean, corn) for eight weeks. As the fermentation progressed, the pH decreased from 6.10~6.12 to 4.48~4.92 and the total acidity increased dramatically from 0.41~0.48% to 1.67~2.24%. There were no differences in the moisture content. The content of reducing sugar decreased, in particular, brown rice sample(C) decreased significantly than the other samples during fermentation. In color, L and b-value decreased all samples, whereas a-value showed a tendency to slightly increase. The total cell counts and lactic acid bacteria revealed an increasing tendency during fermentation. In case of the amino-type nitrogen contents, it increased significantly during the fermentation period, especially control sample (A) showed the highest content significantly. The total polyphenol of all samples increased in the fermentation period. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities also increased, especially corn sample (E) had the highest levels. In by electronic tongue analysis, corn sample (E) revealed higher umami and sourness than the control. So, by adding roasted corn powder, it can enhance function and taste of byeolmijang.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 1987

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen application on the cold tolerance of rice plant, with treatment of three levels of nitrogen and three times of application under the low temperature at tillering and panicle initiation stages. The higher cold tolerance variety was increased in plant height and number of tillers on high nitrogen level during the low temperature treatment. Nitrogen content of leaf blade was increased, but carbohydrate content was decreased during the low temperature treatment at tillering stage. Ethylene evolution from leaf was remark-ably increased just after low temperature treatment. Highly significant negative correlation was observed bet-ween the nitrogen content of leaf blade and percentage of filled grain under low temperature condition at reproductive growth stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1983

Rice plant was tested in the phytotron to know the varietal difference of ethylene production in different nitrogen levels. The high nitrogen concentrated varieties among tested varieties produced a large amount of ethylene. But high nitrogen concentrated leaf in the one variety produced less amount of ethylene. The varieties which produced a large amount of ethylene was remarkably increased ethylene in no nitrogen plot$(N_0)$ compare to standard level$(N_1)$. In contrast low ethylene producing varieties was remarkably decreased in double nitrogen level$(N_2)$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.429-440
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• 2023

Quantitative habitat model is established with species occurrence and spatial abundance data, which were usually acquired by professional field ecologists and citizen scientists. The importance of citizen science data is increasing, but the quality of these data needs to be evaluated. This study aims to identify and compare both expert-based data and citizen science data based on the performance power of quantitative models derived from both data sets. A Maximum Entropy (MaxENT) model was developed using eight environmental variables, including climate, topography, landcover and distance to forest edge. The AUC values derived from the MaxENT model were 0.842 and 0.809, respectively, indicating a high level of explanatory power. All environmental variables has similar values for both data sets, except for the distance to forest edge and rice paddy, which was relatively higher for expert-based survey data than that of the citizen science data as the distances increased. This result suggests that habitat model derived from expert-based survey data shows more ecological niche including wider ranges from forest edges and isolated habitat patches of rice paddy. This is presumably because citizen scientists focuses on direct observation methods, whereas professional field surveys investigate a wider variety of methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2022

Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has a low fat and protein content and a relatively high starch content, so it is mainly used in various ways for song-pyeon sediment, rice-cake paste, and porridge. In Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, cowpea for seed production is being cultivated for the localization of raw material for Rice cake with ramie leave. A cowpea variety 'Jang-Alchan' was improved from the cross between IT145373 and IT145391 at the JARES in 2019. 'Jang-alchan' has an erect plant with an intermediate plant habit, light purple-colored corolla, and heart-shaped leaflets. 'Jang-alchan' has an orange-yellow seed seed-surface of faint luster, and brown and straight pods when matured. The stem length of 'Jang-alchan' was 48cm, 9cm longer than that of the control cultivar 'Okdang' and the 100-seed weight was 14.1g. The weight ratio of the seed coat for the entire seed was 11.2%, which was 0.2%p lower than that of the control cultivar. Field resistance of 'Jang-alchan' to leaf and systemic diseases was similar to that of the control cultivar. Is field resistance of 'Jang-alchan' to lodging was slightly lower than that of the control cultivar. The average yield of 'Jang-alchan' was 1.85ton per hectare, which was 14% higher than that of the control cultivar 'Okdang', 'Jang-Alchan' does not require the installation of an espalier-net and is taller than the existing supplied 'Okdang', so it can be harvested by combine harvesting. In addition, it is expected to contribute to the localization of raw material grains for regional specialties as it can be cultivated over a large area.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2009

Single ascospores was isolated in Yesan-gun, Chungnam in 2006 with Cordyceps militaris. This study was carried out to select the superior isolates which produce more fruiting body and contain more cordycepin contents. Five single ascospore isolates were cultured on brown rice pupae medium and they formed fruiting bodies. To select better isolates, each isolates was hybridized and then the characteristics and cordycepin contents were investigated. After biological efficiency and codycepin contents were examined, finally C0601S05 was selected. Top-cross test of isolate C0601S05 was carried with 29 single ascospores. From this test, isolate C0601S05${\times}$C0601S33 and isolate C0601S05${\times}$C0601S43 containing highest cordycepin contents were selected. Codycepin contents of C0601S05 was 246mg% and those of C0601S05${\times}$C0601S33 and C0601S05${\times}$C0601S43 were 325mg% and 280mg%, respectively. C0601S05${\times}$C0601S33 was registered as Yedang 3 at the Korea seed & variety service.