• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2016

No-tillage dry-seeding of rice can offer potential benefits by reducing time and labor cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil hardness in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. The seedling stand fell within optimum range for both no-till dry-seeding and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Plant height, number of tillers and SPAD values in no-tillage dry-seeding cultivation were higher than those observed in other methods. There were no significant differences in grain yield of rice among three cultivation methods. The quality characteristics of milled rice grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in other cultivation methods. Soil hardness in top 10 cm depth was significantly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding than other cultivation methods, while soil hardness below 10 cm depth was highest in machine transplanting cultivation. Results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yield and grain quality.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.208-208
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• 2017

No-tillage practices are expected to provide several benefits such as increasing soil organic matter, reducing labor time and saving energy cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil properties in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Rice seedling establishment was slightly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment ($145seedling\;m^{-2}$) than wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment ($111seedling\;m^{-2}$), but the seedling establishment in both treatments fell within the optimum range for direct seeding rice cultivation. Plant height, number of tillers and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of rice in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. However, no significant differences in grain yield was observed among three cultivation methods, and the yield ranged 5.8 to $5.9ton\;ha^{-1}$. The heading date from seeding under no-tillage dry-seeding treatment was on average 109 days, which was similar to that under machine transplanting treatment (112 days), but 10 days later than that under wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment (99 days). Grain quality characteristics grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in the other cultivation methods. These results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yields and grain quality.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.319-319
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• 2017

Methane is the main greenhouse gas released from rice paddy field. Methane from paddy fields accounts for 11 % of the global total methane emission. The global warming potential (GWP) of methane is 25 times more than that of carbon dioxide on a mass basis. It is well known that most effective practice to mitigate methane in paddy is related to the water management during rice growing season and the use of organic matters. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage and cultivation method on methane emission in paddy. Tillage (tillage and no-tillage) and cultivation methods (transplanting and direct seeding) were combined tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-W), tillage-dry seeding (T-D) and no-till dry seeding (NT-D) to evaluate methane mitigation efficiency. Daily methane emission was decreased on seeding treatments (T-W, T-D, NT-D) than transplanting treatment (T-T). Amount of methane emission during rice growing season is highest in T-T ($411.7CH_4\;kg\;ha^{-1}y^{-1}$) and lowest in NT-D treatment (89.7). In T-W and T-D treatments, methane emissions were significantly decreased by 36 and 51 % respectively compared with T-T. Methane emissions were highly correlated with the dry weight of whole rice plant ($R^2=0.62{\sim}0.93$). T-T treatment showed highest $R^2$ (0.93) among the four treatments. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ with the tillage and cultivation methods used. These results suggest that direct seeding practice in rice production could mitigate the methane emissions without loss in grain yield.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 1995

논토양(土壤) 경운(耕耘) 및 관기방법(灌漑方法)에 따른 토양(土壤)의 물리적특성(物理的特性)과 수도생육(水稻生育)의 차이(差異)를 구명(究明)하고자 석천통(石泉統)에서 무경운(無耕耘) 건답(乾畓), 무경운(無耕耘) 담수(湛水), 경운(耕耘) 건답(乾畓), 경운(耕耘) 담수구(湛水區)와, 관행(慣行)(기계이앙경운(機械移秧耕耘)-로타리) 등(等)의 5개(個) 처리구(處理區)를 두고 수도(水稻)를 3년간(年間) 재배(栽培)하면서 토양(土壤)의 물리적특성(物理的特性)과 수도생육(水稻生育)을 조사(調査)한 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 토양(土壤)의 가비중(假比重)과 경도(硬度)는 경운구(耕耘區)보다는 무경운구(無耕耘區), 담수구(湛水區)보다는 건답구(乾畓區)에서 높았다. 무경운(無耕耘), 건답구(乾畓區)의 투수원도(透水速度)는 경운비토구(耕耘碑土區)보다 56% 빨라 전관개기간중용수량(全灌漑期間中用水量)이 27% 증가(增加)되었으나, 무경운구(無耕耘區)에서는 관행구(慣行區)보다 낙수기이후(落水期以後) 수분감소(水分減少)가 빨라 농기계(農機械) 작업(作業)이 유리(有利)한 조건(條件)이었다. 층위별(層位別) 뿌리분포(分布)를 보면 무경운구(無耕耘區)는 주로 표토(表土)에 분포(分布)하였다. 출수기(出穗期)는 무경운구(無耕耘區)가 경운구(耕耘區)보다 2일(日)정도 빠르고 건답구(乾畓區)가 담수구(湛水區)보다는 3일(日) 빨랐다. 처리별(處理別) 수도생육(水稻生育)은 건답구(乾畓區)보다는 담수구(湛水區)에서 양호(良好)하였고 줄기매몰(埋沒) 깊이는 무경운담수구(無耕耘湛水區)에서 지상부(地上部)로 0.9cm 올라와서 도복(倒伏)의 위험(危險)이 있었다. 무경운시(無耕耘時) 3년(年) 평균(平均) 정조수량(正租收量)은 건답구(乾畓區) 및 담수구(湛水區)가 각각(各各) 5.55M/T/ha, 5.16M/T/ha로써 관행구(慣行區) 6.31M/T/ha 보다 각각(各各) 12.0%, 18.2% 감수(減收)되었으며 대체로 무경운시(無耕耘時)는 건답구(乾畓區), 경운시(耕耘時)에는 담수구(湛水區)에서 수량(收量)이 많은 경향(傾向)이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1999

In rice-barley cropping systems, efficient utilization of barley straw is essential, both to improve the soil fertility and to conserve the environment. In order to identify the effects of barley straw mulch rates in rice cultivation, a rice cultivar, 'Gancheogbyeo', was directly seeded on a no-tillage field synchronized with barley harvesting with five barley straw mulch rates, i.e., 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ and agronomic characters of rice and soil nitrogen were determined. The increasing of barley straw mulch rates. Dominant weed species, chestnut, occurred in large amounts in no mulching or lower mulch rates than in higher mulch rates. The content of N $H_4$$_{＋}$-N in soil applied with high barley straw mulch rates was lower during the month after seeding, and then it was higher at heading date, compared with lower mulch rates or no mulch plot. As the barley straw rate increased, maximum tillering stage was delayed, and plant height was reduced. Although the lodging of rice plants was seldom observed in all plots, the breaking strength of the culm was significantly higher in the mulch rate of 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ . With an increase of barley straw mulch rate, the effective tillering rate and spikelet number $m^{-2}$ decreased while ripened grain ratio increased. The rice grain yield was slightly decreased with an increase of barley straw mulch rate, although significant differences were not found all barley straw mulch rates. These results suggest that there is no significant yield loss although the total barley straw production, approximately 5.0 ton h $a^{-l}$ in the present study, apply in the paddy for the following rice cultivation by no-tillage direct seeding.ect seeding.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2000

무경운 담수표면산파재배시 잡초성벼의 발생양상과 비선택성 및 토양처리제를 이용한 잡초성벼 방제 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 무경운에 의해 토양표면에서 월동한 잡초성벼의 생존율은 92.7%였고 재배벼는 4.3%였다. 2.토양내의 잡초성벼 발생심도는 건답에서 6.8cm, 무논에서 3.0cm, 그리고 무경운답에서 1.5cm로, 무경운답의 잡초성벼 발생은 건답과 무논에 비하여 토양 표층부위에서 주로 발생하였다. 3. 4월 하순의 우리나라 중부지역 평균기온인 13$^{\circ}C$에서 잡초성벼 발아에 소요되는 일수는 14-15일이었다. 4. 무경운상태에서 포장 표면위에 떨어져 있는 잡초성벼의 발아를 유도한 후 비선택성 제초제인 paraquat 처리한 결과 92.2%의 잡초성벼를 방제할 수 있었으며, 토양처리제 중 가장 높은 출아억제를 보인 제초제는 oxadiazon으로 53.3%의 방제 효과가 있었다. 5. Paraquat과 oxadiazon의 체계처리에 의해 96.4%의 잡초성벼를 방제할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.606-609
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• 2013

To investigate the effect of partial tillage seeding of hairy vetch on green manure biomass and rice yield, on-farm experiment was conducted at eco-friendly hairy vetch cultivation area located in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. Seeding methods of hairy vetch consisted of partial tillage seeding (PTS) and broadcasting before rice harvesting (BBRH). Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil on May 18 and rice seedling was transplanted on May 26. The growths of hairy vetch before overwintering were investigated on November 11. Plant height of BBRH plot was longer than that of PTS plot, but somewhat larger number of seedling stand was found in PTS. Biomass and N production of hairy vetch were investigated on May 18. Results of the investigation showed no difference between two seeding methods. Although the seeding time was 21 days late in PTS, the biomass of hairy vetch and rice yield were equivalent to those of BBRH seeding, so we conclude that PTS could improve overwintering survival of hairy vetch in rice cropping system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.264-268
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to clarify irrigation requirement and percolation rate in rice paddy. The four rice cultural system of no-tin, till, transplanting, and direct seeding condition were treated in the lysimeter filled with sandy loam soil. The amounts of irrigation and soil percolation were measured daily, and irrigation requirement was estimated. The daily percolation was 19.5 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in no-till direct seeding on flooded paddy surface, 17.4 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in both of till-direct seeding on flooded surface and no-till transplanting, and 15.2 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in transplanting plot. This is equivalent to 19.5, 17.4, and 15.2 mm per day, respectively. Highest irrigation requirement was 3,770 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in no-till direct seeding plots. Others were 3,249, 2,577, and 2,321 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in till-direct seeding, no-till transplanting and transplanting plot, respectively. The estimated irrigation requirement of no-till transplanting, till-direct seeding and no-till direct seeding was increased by 11, 37, and 59% compared to till-transplanting plot. Percolation rate of no-till transplanting, till direct seeding and no-till direct seeding was increased by 12%, 40%, and 66%, respectively compared to the till-transplanting plot. The percolation rate in paddy soil was increased greatly after reproductive stage of rice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2013

Hairy vetch can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere as a leguminous cover crop. This research was carried out to determine optimum seeding method of hairy vetch and application effect in paddy. Field experiment was conducted at Sinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) from Sep. 2011 to Oct. 2012 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Hairy vetch used in the study was 'Cheongpyungbora', developed by National Institute of Crop Science. Seeding methods of hairy vetch consisted of Broadcasting Before Rice Harvesting (BBRH), Partial Tillage Seeding (PTS), Minimum Tillage Seeding (MTS), No Tillage Seeding (NTS), and Drill Seeding (DS). Both MTS and NTS showed the highest biomass among the seeding methods. The rice yield of MTS and NTS significantly increased compared to conventional fertilization (CF). Also soil properties including organic matter and bulk density were improved by incorporation of hairy vetch. Therefore, we suggested that MTS and NTS could be used to produce hairy vetch and rice in paddy.