• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of application time and amount of rice bran on rice yield, weed occurrence, and chemical change in water as applied at the level of 1.8 Mg/ha (1.8RB) and 3.5 Mg/ha (3.5RB) through field and pot experiment. $Nitrate(NO_3\;^-)$ in the surface water and the percolated water through pot were high in application of 3.5RB, and similar in application of 1.8RB as compared to chemical fertilization. Electric conductivity in surface water were higher by application of rice bran until 25 days after rice bran application. $NH_4-N$ in soil were lower in application of rice bran, and $NO_3-N$ in soil were higher in 3.5RB at tillering stage and panicle formation stage of rice. Rice bran application(3.5RB) showed 68% of weed occurrence as compared to that of chemical fertilization. Rice yield were increased by heavy application of rice bran; 4.41 Mg/ha in 1.8RB and 4.87 Mg/ha in 3.5RB, and top dressing of nitrogen at panicle formation stage caused to increased rice yield by $14{\sim}15%$. Rice yield was also increased by early application of rice bran.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.622-629
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effect of rice bran dietary fiber powder on serum lipid levels, bowel function, and mineral absorption in rats. Four weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats(SD rat) were divided into four groups : control group fed 5% cellulose as a fiber source, RB10 fed 5% of cellulose and 10% of rice bran dietary fiber powder, RB20 and RB30. The animals were fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum lipid levels were not significantly different among the groups. But, fecal total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) excretion increased in the RB30 group. Fecal weight and fecal water content were higher in the rice bran added groups than those in the control group. Transit time was significantly shorter in the rice bran fiber-added groups than that in the control. Weight of the stomach and large intestine in the RB20 and RB30 groups were significantly greater than those in the other groups. Absorption rates of Ca, Mg, P, and Zn decreased significantly in the RB30 group compared to those in the other groups. A high amount of rice bran increased fecal lipids, including TC, TG and HDL-c. Rice bran increased fecal weight and fecal water content and shortened gastrointestinal transit time. However, a high level of rice bran diet decreased mineral absorption rates.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2000

The present study was aimed at investigating the nutritional and physiological significance of rice bran as a source of dietary fiber as compared to pectin and wheat bran. The parameters for comparison included hypertrophy and morphology of intestines, stool weights and villus marker enzyme activity. For 6 weeks, 10 Sprague Dawley male rats were given one of six experimental diets: 1% cellulose control (CC), 5% pectin (P5), 5% rice bran(RB5), 10% rice bran(RB10), 5% wheat bran (WB5) or 10% wheat bran (WB10) based on the level of dietary fiber. Among experimental groups, food efficiency ratio and body weight gain was comparable. RB10 increased cecal and colonic tissue weights and content weights of cecum and colon as much as P5 did. Stool weight was positiviely correlated with colonic tissue weight (r=0.727, P<0.001), with colonic content weight(r=0.647, P<0.001). Small intestine length increased most in the P5 group, followed by the RB10 group. The scanning electron micrograph of jejunal villi from rice bran groups showed a leaf-shaped, smooth and regular pattern, whereas that of CC group produced a rather long shape. The wheat bran groups showed an irregular leafshaped pattern, and the pectin group typically produced leaf-shaped villi with surface damage. The activities of villus marker enzymes (maltase and sucrase) were higher in the bran-fed rats than in the control or pectin-fed rats. The results indicate than not only dietary fiber amounts but also fiber sources are closely related to the physiology and morphology of the large and small intestines in rats. Rice bran exerted effects on fecal output and trophic effects on the intestines similar to those of pectin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 1988

Fifty-six lactating Surti buffaloes, fed rice straw, were allocated to seven treatment groups as follows: 1. Straw supplemented with 2% urea (SS) + 1.5kg rice bran (RB) 2. Straw treated with 4% urea in an open stack (TS open) 3. TS open + 1.5 kg RB 4. TS open + 3.0 kg RB 5. TS open + 1.5 kg RB + 3.0 kg Gliricidia (Gl) 6. Straw treated with 4% urea in a closed pit (TS closed) 7. TS closed + 1.5 kg RB + 3.0 kg Gl Milk production, butterfat percentage and liveweight gain of cows and calves were measured and tested with analysis of variance. The results are: - The animals on urea treated straw (group 2) had a higher milk production (p<0.05), higher butterfat production (p<0.05) and less liveweight gain loss (p<0.05) than the animals on urea supplemented straw (group 1). Butterfat percentage also increased by treatment, although not significantly (p>0.05). - Increasing levels of rice bran (groups 3 and 4 compared to 2) increased total milk production and milked quantity of butterfat, while butterfat percentage decreased (p < 0.05). - Milk production increased (p <0.05) with extra rice bran added (group 4 compared to 3), but was not affected (p > 0.05) by Gliricidia addition (group 5 compared to 3). Butterfat percentage dropped with extra rice bran supplement (p <0.05). The lack of response to Gliricidia indicated that protein is not limiting in treated straw, or that Gliricidia protein is partly insoluble. - System of treatment had no effect on milk production (p >0.05), while supplementation with 1.5 kg RB and 3.0 kg Gliricidia increased production and caused a lower butterfat percentage (p <0.05) (groups 2, 5, 6 and 7 compared). A significant (p <0.05) interaction treatment system x supplementation was present. It was concluded, that both treatment and supplementation did affect milk production as well as milk composition. Gliricidia addition gave less effect than rice bran, indicating different requirements for starchy substances in the feed. Treatment of straw does not negatively affect butterfat production, it can increase butterfat production and even butterfat percentage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.490-496
• /
• 2000

In vivo digestibility, nitrogen retention and microbial protein yield from diets of 100% ammonia treated rice straw (ARS) ($D_1$); 65% untreated rice straw (URS)+30% rice bran (RB)+5% SBM ($D_2$) and 85% ARS+15% RB ($D_3$) were determined using three Japanese Corriedale wethers in a $3{\times}3$ Latin Square Design. Results showed that DM consumption and organic matter digestibility were highest in $D_3$; but did not promote high protein digestibility, which RB+SBM had effected in URS based-diet. Dry matter intake and OM digestibility were the same for $D_1$ and $D_3$. Solubility of fiber bonds was increased by ammoniation, resulting in higher NDF digestibility. Nitrogen retention and microbial protein yield of rice bran supplemented groups was higher than ARS, but supplementation did not significantly increase efficiency of microbial protein synthesis from ARS which did occur when RB+SBM was added to untreated straw. The quality of ammoniated rice straw could be improved through RB supplementation because of its positive effects on DM digestibility, nitrogen retention and microbial protein yield. However, the addition of RB+SBM to URS resulted to more efficient N utilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.906-912
• /
• 2000

The effect of ammonia treatment and rice bran supplementation on the in situ rumen degradation of rice straw was determined using three Japanese Corriedale wethers fitted with permanent rumen cannula. About 4 g samples of diets containing 100% untreated rice straw (URS); 100% ammonia treated rice straw (ARS); 65% URS+30% rice bran (RB)+5% soybean meal (SBM) (T1); and 85% ARS+15% RB (T2) were incubated at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours in the rumen of sheep to measure dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability. The DM disappearance of ARS based diets were about 20% higher than that of URS based diets. Rice bran supplementation improved DM disappearance of URS but not on ammoniated straw. Degradation parameters showed that ammoniation increased rate (c) of straw degradation resulting to higher DM and fiber degradability but RB supplementation did not. ARS gave similar DM and CP solubility and effective rumen degradability (ED) with that of the supplemented groups indicating that ammoniation alone can give the same effect on rumen degradability of sheep receiving low quality roughage. All degradation parameters for NDF were consistently higher in ARS based-diets indicating improved fiber solubility. Rice bran supplementation did not affect degradation characteristics of the diets except on soluble DM and CP fraction (A) of URS but not on ARS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 1988

Forty eight growing bulls of two breed types(red Sahiwal and white Kilari), fed rice straw, were allocated to nine treatment groups: 1. Control straw (CS) 2. Urea upgraded straw (UUS) 3. UUS + 0.25 kg coconut cake (CC) 4. UUS + 0.75 kg CC 5. UUS + 0.25 kg rice bran (RB) 6. UUS + 1.00 kg RB 7. UUS + 0.25 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC 8. UUS + 1.00 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC 9. CS + 1.00 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC Liveweight gain was measured weekly during 15 weeks and tested in three analyses of variance. The results are: Urea upgraded straw produced a liveweight gain $180g.d^{-1}$ higher (P <0.01) than control straw. The groups supplemented with 0.25 kg coconut cake and 1.00 kg rice bran showed an increase of $100g.d^{-1}$ (p < 0.05) over the unsupplemented groups. No interaction between straw upgrading and supplementation was present (P > 0.10). Both rice bran and coconut press cake, supplemented to upgraded straw at a level of 0.25 kg, did not increase liveweight gain (P>0.05), but 1.0 kg rice bran increased gain by $90g.d^{-1}$ (P<0.05). A supplement of 0.75 kg coconut press cake to upgraded straw increased liveweight gain by $160g.d^{-1}$ compared with 0.25 kg or 0.00 kg coconut cake supplement (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between breed types (P>0.10) or interactions between breed and the other two main treatments (upgrading and supplementation). It was concluded. that both urea upgrading and supplementation of rice straw increase animal performance. The effect of urea upgrading was the same for both supplemented and unsupplemented animals. There was no indication of a nonlinear effect of supplements on growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.640-646
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the breadmaking characteristics of white bread when rice bran (RB), fermented rice bran (FRB) and rice bran oil (RBO) were added to the dough. Addition of RB to dough generally showed a decrease of the bread volume and increase of the bread weight which is related to the comparative decrease of gluten in the dough. Addition of RB also showed a decrease of lightness with yellowish color of RB and showed some rheological changes in dough. However, up to 5% RB addition, the dough showed a similar property of breadmaking with giving functional benefits compared to the control. Moreover 5% FRB addition to the dough improved the taste, flavor, and texture important to quality of bread. Substitutional use of RBO for shortening in dough result in comparative decrease of volume of dough. Addition of yellowish RBO influenced the increasing yellowness score, hardness, gumminess and brittleness, which is disadvantageous for the quality of white bread. However up to 50% RBO substitution for shortening made little rheological differences compared to the control. The 50% RBO substitution for shortening increased the score of flavor in sensory test even if there was an unfavorable quality point of white bread caused by a decreased volume and an increased hardness. From these results it could be suggested that the proper use of RB, FRB and RBO in breadmaking could improve the taste and flavor, giving beneficial function originated from rice bran to white bread.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.spc
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2008

Effect of rice bran applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer on growth and edible quality of rice was investigated. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments: 3 levels of rice bran (RB) (500, 250 and 100kg $10a^{-1}$), 100 and 50% recommended fertilizer (RF) combined with above-mentioned 3 levels of RB, and 100 and 50% RF only. The rice brans were applied at 10 days before rice transplanting. Results showed that plant height 30 days after transplanting was significantly higher at 100% RF treatment than the RB treatments. However, plant height during heading stage was not significantly different between the 100% RF and the RB treatments. At higher RB treatments, ripened grain decreased, while panicle number and plant height increased. In the case of rice yield, 50% RF + RBtreatments exhibited similar or slightly higher yield than 100% RF. These results suggested that the recommended fertilizer can be reduced by 50% in case of applying RB. In terms of nutritional quality, protein content on rice grain increased at higher RB treatment, while amylose content at 50% RF + RB treatments ($17.3{\sim}17.8%$) decreased compared to that of RF ($17.9{\sim}18.1%$). Results showed significant effects of RB application on rice growth and quality.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.577-587
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the manufacturing characteristics of organic liquid fertilizer with poultry manure, soybean meal, and rice bran at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Treatment was given 3 treatments; poultry manure+soybean meal (PM+SM), poultry manure+rice bran (PM+RB), and soybean meal+rice bran (SM+RB). The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The pH in liquid fertilizer was consistently increased in PM+SM treatment, and was increased after decreased at early season in PM+RB and SM+RB treatments. The electriacl conductivity(EC) in liquid fertilizer was rapidly increased from $2^{nd}$ weeks to $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in PM+SM and PM+RB treatments, and was rapidly increased from $4^{th}$ weeks to 6th weeks after fermentation in SM+RB treatment. The amount of $H_2S$ gas occurrence was the highest as $1,200\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in early season, and was the lowest as $50\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at $12^{th}$ weeks after fermentation of organic liquid fertilizer. The temperature of organic liquid fertilizer was stabilizing in $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation. The yield of well of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium was increased with increasing fermentation periods. It was not change from $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in content of calcium, magnesium and sodium in organic liquid fertilizer.