• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.583-593
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• 1998

This study aims to examine the relationship between chewing ability and nutritional intake status in the rural elderly. The subjects were 150 rural-dwelling elderly persons(68 males and 82 females) aged 65 years and over in Sungju-Gun, Kyunfsangpookdo. The respondents were interviewed using the questionnaires and measurments taken from a 24-hour recall method from February to April in 1998. Fifty-nine subjects(39.3%) were classified with normal chewing ability and sixty-four subjects(42.7%) could carry out all of the 10 ADL items by themselves. In addition, the group who were able to chew had more teeth and significantly higher ADL scores than the other group(p<0.01), whereas DMF value was significantly lower(p<0.001). The subjects with normal chewing ability also had higher of intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, salt, potassium, niacin, thiamin and riboflavin than in the unable group(p<0.05). As far as daily food intakes were concerned, considerable differences were revealed in the levels of grain and products and vegetables consumed depending on chewing ability(p<0.001). The results of the stepwise and vegetables consumed depending on chewing ability daily living activities and health self-assessment(p<0.05) were the most significant factors for energy intake status.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigated the difference in the nutritional status of normal children and children with suboptimal iron status. Two hundred and sixty children from 5th grade were divided into 2 groups(normal group and suboptimal group) according to the hematologic parameters of iron(RBC count, hemoglobin, serum ferritin). Normal group was composed of 71 male and 81 female and suboptimal group was consisted of 65 male and 43 female. Fat percentage of children from suboptimal group was 18.9%, which was significantly lower than 22.1% of normal group(p<0.05). TST and MAC of suboptimal group were also lower than those of normal group(p<0.05). Mean intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, riboflavin, iron were lower than those in normal group(p<0.05). suboptimal female students showed 1197.6㎉ of energy intake(63.0% of RDA) and 0.56㎎ of thiamin intake(56% of RDA). Mean RBC count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, ferritin(p<0.01) and FEP(p<0.05) of suboptimal group were lower than those of normal group. Thirty-nine point seven percent of children from suboptimal group was observed with having gastrointestinal disease which was significantly higher than 22.1% of normal group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 341∼348, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1983

This study was attempted to investigate Korean women divers' nutritional status and the effect of their putting on rubber diving suits on the energy balance. For these investigations, measurements of nutrients intake, energy intake and energy consumption during diving work were performed. This study was conducted in summer and winter of 1981. Nutrition survey was carried out by interviewing each individual and the energy consumption during diving work was calculated from the extra oxygen consumption over the resting value and the change in mean body temperature in sea water. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) In summer, the divers' dietary intake were 2,454 Kcal for energy, 69g of protein, 16g of fat 578mg of calcium, 11mg of iron, 526 Retinol Equivalent of vitamin A, 1.1mg of thiamin, 1.3mg of riboflavin, 19mg of niacin and 50mg of ascorbic acid. These results showed that the intakes of energy, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid were higher than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Whereas in winter, the nutrients intake except iron, riboflavin, and vitamin A were higher than the RDA. 2) The energy consumption, measured by oxygen consumption and changes in body heat content, used in diving work were 260 Kcal per day in summer and 370 Kcal per day in winter. These values were about 600-700 Kcal per day lower than 1960s' 1,000 Kcal per day. The divers' energy intake were 2,454 Kcal per day in summer and 2,487 Kcal per day in winter. These data were about 550 Kcal per day lower than 1960s' intake. Since divers have worn the rubber diving suits, the energy consumption decreased as compared with the energy consumed while wearing cotton suits. And this seemed to be resulted in decreasing the energy intake. This result also showed that the balance between energy expenditure and energy intake were kept. 3) The mean subcutaneous fat thickness of divers and nondivers were 8.85 and 9.03 mm respectively. These values were as high as four times as those of 1960s'. The total body fat contents wers 25.8 percent in both diver and nondiver groups and showed an increase as high as twice as compared with 1960s' values.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.344-360
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• 2018

This study examined the sociodemographic factors, health-related habits, chronic diseases, dietary habits, and nutrient intake according to the self-rated health status in a group aged over 65 years by analyzing the nationally representative Korean survey data. A total of 1,510 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the 2016 Korean National Health and Examination Survey (KNHANES). Statistical analyses for complex samples were performed using the SPSS software package (version 19.0) The study subjects were divided into two groups (healthy group vs. unhealthy group) based on their self-rated health status. The percentage of the healthy group was 66.5%. Gender, age, education level, household income, job (P<0.001, respectively), marital status, and basic living allowance (P<0.05, respectively) were significant sociodemographic variables of the self-rated health status. Alcohol consumption (P<0.01), aerobic physical activity, stress, quality of life, not feeling very well, depression and activity restriction (P<0.001, respectively) were also significant health-related variables of the self-rated health status. Blood glucose, anemia (P<0.05, respectively), and chewing problems (P<0.001) were significant chronic disease-related variables of the self-rated health status. Adequate intakes of protein, dietary fiber, phosphorus, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C (P<0.001, respectively), calcium, sodium, potassium (P<0.01, respectively), iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin (P<0.05, respectively) were also significant variables of the self-rated health status. In complex samples multiple logistic regression analysis, the self-rated health status was influenced significantly by the aerobic physical activity (P<0.01), stress level (P<0.05), depression (P<0.001), quality of life (P<0.001), not feeling very well (P<0.001), activity restriction (P<0.001), chewing problem (P<0.05), and adequate intake of iron (P<0.05). These results suggest that activity restriction, mental health, adequate iron intake, and physical activity may be associated with the self-rated health status in the elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.762-768
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• 2007

This study examined household food insecurity and the associations of food insecurity with socioeconomic conditions, food behaviors, and nutrient intakes among 458 older adults(mean age=$73.2{\pm}4.5$) from 5 clusters of low-income areas in Seoul, Korea. Using an adapted version of the USDA short form household food insecurity scale, 63.4% of the households were food insecure(40.7% for food insecure without hunger and 22.7% for food insecure with hunger). The proportion of household was lower on the items measured more severe level of food insecurity. Food insecurity was linearly and negatively associated with food expenditure, food secured period and the degree of nutrition management skills, health status and depression. Food secure older adults had mere of energy and other nutrients from animal resources(riboflavin and animal protein, fat and calcium), but less of carbohydrates than those from the food insecure households. These results suggest household food insecurity measures used in this study was valid as well as food insecurity was prevalent and an important indicator of nutrition well-being among low income elderly persons.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.68-82
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• 2020

본 연구대상자의 평균 나이는 78.6세로 75세 이상이 75.0%를 차지하였으며, 만성질환을 2개 이상 갖고 있는 노인이 55.4%였다. 가구 유형에서 독거노인의 비율이 40.7%였고, 70.6%의 노인이 식사 준비를 본인이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 대상자의 평균 NQ-E 점수는 61.9점으로 전국 단위 조사와 비교하면 '중상'에 속하였다. 균형, 절제, 식행동 영역은 전국 단위 조사의 '중상'에 속하였고 다양 영역은 '중하'에 속하였다. 여자노인이 남자노인보다 절제와 식행동 영역의 점수가 높았다. 독거노인은 배우자동거노인에 비해 다양성 영역의 점수가 낮았다. 다양성 영역은 소득과 교육수준이 높은 노인의 점수가 높았고, 절제 영역은 소득수준이 낮은 노인과 2개 이상의 만성질환을 보유하고 있는 노인의 점수가 높았다. 영양 보충제를 1개 이상 섭취하는 노인이 영양지수 총점수와 균형, 다양성 및 식행동 영역의 점수가 높았다. 연구 대상자의 51.0%가 모니터링 필요군으로 영양지수 평균은 54.8점이었고, 양호군은 49.0%로 영양지수는 69.3점으로 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구대상자의 에너지, 니아신, 리보플라빈, 비타민 A의 섭취량이 EAR 미만으로 나타났고, 비타민 A, 니아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘 등은 영양권장량 대비 75% 미만으로 섭취하고 있었다. 모니터링 필요군의 1일 에너지 섭취량과 단백질, 티아민, 리보플라빈 및 비타민 C 섭취량이 양호군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 모든 영양소의 영양소 적정섭취비 (NAR)가 1 미만이었으며, 모니터링 필요군이 양호군에 비해 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C, 칼슘 및 칼륨의 NAR이 유의하게 낮았다. 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 칼륨의 INQ가 1보다 낮아 에너지 섭취량에 비해 부족한 영양소로 나타났다. 1일 식품섭취량에서 모니터링 필요군이 양호군에 비해 총 식품 섭취량과 채소류 및 버섯류 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 본 연구 결과 노인 영양지수가 높은 군이 낮은 군보다 24시간 회상법으로 조사한 식품섭취조사에서 단백질을 비롯한 대부분의 필수영양소 섭취 수준이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타나서, NQ-E가 노인의 식생활 및 영양 상태를 평가할 수 있는 타당한 도구임을 보여준다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.516-526
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• 2001

Working towards the compression of morbidity, we attempted to find the way to contribute to desirable aging and/or healthy old age. By looking into the factors affecting nutrient intake in middle-aged adults, we sought to find ways to improve their health status, Two hundred and fifty middle-aged adults from 40 to 60 years of age residing in Seoul and its vicinity were recruited for the survey. Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, dietary habits lifestyle, status and food intake by a trained interviewer. Two -day food record was included in addition to the 1 -day 24 hr recall. Date were analyzed for the relationship among nutrient intake, health status, socio-economic status dietary habits and lifestyle using a statistical program (SAS) Although the mean energy intake of the subjects did not reach the recommenced dietary allowances(RDA), mean protein intake was well above the RAD for both sex groups(111.2% and 129.1% for men and women, respectively) The caloric contribution of fat was 15 to 20 % of total energy intake among different groups. Riboflavin was the most deficient nutrient and its mean intake reached only 71.0% of RDA for mean This seemed to be due to the lower intake of milk and dairy products among middle-aged Koreans who are more accustomed to traditional meals. Income and exercise habit were the most important factors influencing the nutrient intake of middle-age adults. Also, BMI, smoking habit, level of education regularity of meal, and hours of sleeping influenced the nutrient intake, In conclusion, middle-age adults appeared to have similar problems with the elderly in terms of nutrient intake and this age group should to included when considering nutritionally vulnerable groups in addition to the elderly and young children. The improvement in the nutrition status of middle-age adults is even more important because that could lead into the better health the elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2000

This study was conducted with 20 female gymnasts to examine the relationship between eating patterns, diet menstrual function and hematological status. According to the baseline data a nutrition counseling and education program was developed and evaluated improved the nutritional status and health of female gymnasts. Mean body weight at the onset of the study was 42.1$\pm$7.0kg and was reduced to 41.8$\pm$6.1kg after the nutrition counseling and education program. The percent of body fat was significantly reduced from 13.9$\pm$3.7% to 13.1$\pm$3.1%(p<0.01) skinfold thickness of subscapular and thighs was reduced significantly(p<0.01, p<0.05) Mean daily intake levels of energy, protein calcium iron thiamin riboflavin and niacin were significantly elevated after the nutrition counseling and education program but were lower than the Recommenced Dietary Allowances. For the nutrition knowledge and food habits, the posttest mean scores showed a significant increase. The hematological status(hematocrit, serum ferritin) and the early follicle level of estradiol were elevated to a mild degree although it was not significant,. The follicular stimulating hormone level was elevated significantly(p<0.01) Gymnastica has been one of the sports implicated by the medical profession as having probable detrimental effects. The implications of such training to childs growth and maturation have yet to be determined . Most female athletes, however, experience poor nutritional status and delayed puberty The priorities were to prepared a more effective nutrition program and education material status and delayed puberty. The priorities were prepared a more effective nutrition program and educational material for athletes coaches and adminstrators to prepare guidelines for the team physicians and coaches to follow for the physical and physiological examinations of female athletes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.837-843
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• 1994

The relationships among physical growth, dietary intakes, and Zn & Cu status were investigated in total of 128 eight-year-old children selected from the primary school in Seoul. The mean weight and height were 28.3Kg and 129.6cm and the average BMI and R hrer index were 16.75 and 129.25. These values were a little higher than the ones for the average Korean children at the same age. The average serum Zn & Cu levels were 109.98$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml and 84.13$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. About 2.4% of the subjects had blood Zn level below the normal range and 8.6% had above the normal level. For Cu, about 43% of the subjects fell into the subnormal level. Daily dietary intakes of calorie, protein and ascorbic acid were relatively adequate but Fe, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin were insufficient. Ca and vitamin A intakes were very poor. More than 50% of the subjects onsumed Ca and vitamin A less then 2/3 of RDA. There was no consistant relationship among the serum Zn and Cu levels, growth, and the nutrients intakes. But it was observed that serum Zn contents were higher as consumption of milks, fats and oil groups were high in the serum Zn contents were higher as consumption of milks, fats and oil groups were high in the several BMI groups, and lower in taller and heavier children within the group of 110-119% BMI rate. Therefore, it could be summarized that the Zn status of the children was favorable but the Cu status was inadequate. Serum Zn and Cu levels were found to be related to the overall quality and/or the quantity of diet and physical growth pattern of children.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the consciousness of health status and nutrient intake of farmers in Korea. Eight hundred were surveyed by rural leaders of Rural Development Administration(RDA), composed of 35.1 % male and 64.9% female. Data collection included personal & family situation by Interview method for influencial factors of health status. Food intake was determined by semiquantitative food frequency method with 65 kinds of foods. 32.5% of the subjects were elementary school graduates, younger age groups and males had higher levels of education. Mean family numbers was 4.2 persons. In the concept of disease prevalence, gender difference existed. Liver and heart ailments were frequent in males and waist pain and urinary complaints in females, and schoulder pain and nervesness were frequently prevalent to all farmers. The energy intake of farmers was 2000Kca1/day, 19:16:65 of PFC(protein, fat, and carbohydrate) ratio was approached at recommended composition of energy. But calcium and iron were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowences(KRDA), Vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin C were over of KRDA, but riboflavin, pyridoxin, and vitamin I were lower than KRDA. The nutrient intakes of poor health groups were significantly lower than those of healthy. In fatty acid composition, monounsaturated fatty acids(FA) intake was higher than that of saturated FA. The CMI (Cornell Medical Index) and Farmers' syndrome were significantly correlated with personal factors, such as height, number in family, education level, and working level. But the correlation of health status with nutrient intakes were only weakly significant. Depending on the regression analysis, Farmers' syndrome explanation about nutrient intake was low(R2 was only 0.01 more or less), but some nutrients (energy, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin E, and lipids) could explain this significantly. It was concluded that body complaints of farmers could ameliorate with good nutrition.