• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

Rheological processes in the rock mass for the stress-strain analysis are quite important when considering the construction of underground structures in soft rock masses, particularly in case of construction in several stages. In the analysis, it can be assumed that the reinforced concrete structure is slightly deformable in relation to the rock mass, and the rheological stress redistribution happens at the expense of the elements of rock mass. The basic elements of rheological models for certain types of rock mass and analysis of these models are presented in the first part of this paper. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of rheological processes in marl rock mass and the influence of these processes on the reinforced-concrete tunnel structure.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.769-777
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 속도 의존성을 나타내는 콘크리트의 인장거동을 모사하기 위하여 유변학적(rheological) 모델을 개발하였고 이를 평가하였다. 일반적으로 외부에서 가해지는 하중 속도가 증가할수록 콘크리트의 물성(강도, 탄성계수, 파괴에너지 등)은 그 크기가 증가한다. 콘크리트의 강도는 다른 물성에 비하여 큰 속도의존성을 나타내고, 압축 하중인 경우보다 인장 하중을 받는 경우 그 속도의존성이 크게 나타난다. 이러한 콘크리트의 속도 의존성을 모사하기 위하여, 기존 RBSN(Rigid-Body-Spring-Network) 모델의 거동을 나타내는 스프링 세트에 대쉬포트(Dashpot)와 같은 점성 요소와 Coulomb 마찰 요소를 조합하였다. 요소의 조합에 따라 세 가지 모델( 1)점탄성, 2)점소성, 3)점탄소성 손상(Damage 모델)을 고려하였고, 이에 대한 구성관계식을 유도하였다. 개발된 해석모델은 직접인장 실험의 응력-변형률 관계곡선과 비교 검증되었고, 이중 점탄소성 손상 모델은 실험결과를 잘 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 1994

The stress relaxation and creep characteristics of fruits have usually been fit to an exponential expression based on a generalized Maxwell model and Burger's model. It is known that two to three terms in the expansion of those models are necessary to obtain a satisfactory fit to the rheological characteristics of fruits. Since four to six constants appear in the models, it is very difficult to determine their physical meaning according to the experimental conditions and levels. Therefore in order to ease the comparison of data, this study was conducted to develop the linearized rheological model of the fruit from the previous studies of stress relaxation and creep characteristics of fruits. Stress relaxation and creep characteristics were able to normalize and presented in the linear form of $t/S(t)=K_1+k_2t$ and $t/C(t)={K_1}^{\prime}+{K_2}^{\prime}t$, respectively. It was possible to compare the effects of experimental conditions and levels much easier from the linearized models developed in this study than from the generalized Maxwell model and Burger's model.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.70-74
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• 1991

The rheological properties of rifamycin B fermentation broth using Nocardia mediterranei were characterized in concomitance with the chemical changes of the fermentation broth. The data were interpreted with various rheological models. As results, it was found that the rheological behaviour at the early growth phases of the culture was the Newtonian fluid, but it was changed to the non-Newtonian fluid (Casson plastic behaviour) at the later phases of the culture. Rheological parameters viz., apparent viscosity ($\mu_a$), yield shear stress ($\tau_o$), and Casson constant ($K_c$) were changed through the fermentation where cell concentrations were changed and mycelia were greatly branched. Those results indicated that cell concentration and cell morphology played important roles to determine the rheological characters.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

팽윤성 점토의 전단강도 및 유변학적 특성은 점토입자의 크기, 양이온 교환능력, 점토광물학적 조성과 형상 등에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 고운 분말가루의 와이오밍(Wyoming) 벤토나이트에 대해 염화나트륨 0g/L 와 30g/L 농도로 24시간 수화시킨 후 염분농도에 따른 물성-강도특성 및 유변학적 특성변화를 살펴봄으로써, 유변학적 특성, 유변화적 모델들의 적용성 및 흙 입자의 구조변화에 따른 항복응력-점도와의 상관관계를 설명하고자 한다. 실험결과에 따르면, 팽윤성 점토는 전단담화(shear thinning)와 항복응력과 소성점도로 표현가능한 Bingham 유체 거동을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 염분농도가 낮고 함수비가 높아질수록 벤토나이트는 완전소성거동에 가깝게 나타나며, 전단변형률속도에 따른 변화의 폭이 미미한 것으로 조사되었다. 반면, 염분농도가 높아질수록 전형적인 전단담화거동을 보이며, 전단변형률속도를 증가시킬수록 염분농도에 따른 벤토나이트의 전단강도의 차이는 커진다. S=0g/L에 대해 Carreau, Herschel-Bulkley 및 멱수법칙 모델이, S=30g/L에 대해서는 이중선형, Herschel-Bulkley 및 멱수법칙 모델 등이 흐름특성을 가장 잘 표현한다. 이것은 염분농도에 따른 흙 입자간 구조적 배열과 형상이 입자간 발생하는 인력인 능-능(EE), 능-면(EF), 및 면-면(FF) 구조를 변화시키고 역학적 특성에 영향을 미치기 때문이다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2014

When concrete is being transported through a pipe, the lubrication layer is formed at the interface between concrete and the pipe wall and is the major factor facilitating concrete pumping. A possible mechanism that illustrates to the formation of the layer is the shear-induced particle migration and determining the rheological parameters is a paramount factor to simulate the concrete flow in pipe. In this study, numerical simulations considering various rheological models in the shear-induced particle migration were conducted and compared with 170 m full-scale pumping tests. It was found that the multimodal viscosity model representing concrete as a three-phase suspension consisting of cement paste, sand and gravel can accurately simulate the lubrication layer. Moreover, considering the particle shape effects of concrete constituents with increased intrinsic viscosity can more exactly predict the pipe flow of pumped concrete.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2006

The concept of structural vibration control is to absorb vibration energy of the structure by introducing auxiliary devices. Various types of structural vibration control theories and devices have been recently developed and introduced into mechanical systems. One of such devices is damper employing controllable fluids such as ElectroRheological (ER) or MagnetoRheological (MR) fluids. MagnetoRheological (MR) materials are suspensions of fine magnetizable ferromagnetic particles in a non-magnetic medium exhibiting controllable rheological behaviour in the presence of an applied magnetic field. This paper presents the modelling of an MRfluid damper. The damper model is developed based on Newtonian shear flow and Bingham plastic shear flow models. The geometric parameters are varied to get the optimised damper characteristics. The numerical analysis is carried out to estimate the damping coefficient and damping force. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results. The results confirm that MR damper is one of the most promising new semi-active devices for structural vibration control.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2010

Rheological properties of cereals such as rye are great important for the design of die for extrusion and the development of models for extrusion process. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the rheological properties according to moisture content of rye flour and extrusion temperature. Rheological properties of rye flour were investigated by using a capillary rheometer for moisture content of three levels (30, 35, 40%) and extrusion temperature of three levels (120, 130, $140^{\circ}C$). Determination coefficients for the relationship between apparent shear stress ($\tau_{ap}$) and apparent shear velocity ($\gamma_{ap}$) were relatively high in the range of 0.973 ~ 0.997 under each extrusion condition. The values of consistency index (K) was decreased with increasing moisture content and extrusion temperature. However, the value of flow behavior index (n) presented the highest value at moisture content of 35%, but it was not affected by extrusion temperature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2017

An identification method for determination of the parameters of the rheological models of dampers made of viscoelastic material is presented. The models have two, three or four parameters and the model equations of motion contain derivatives of the fractional order. The results of dynamical experiments are approximated using the trigonometric function in the first part of the procedure while the model parameters are determined as the solution to an appropriately defined optimization problem. The particle swarm optimization method is used to solve the optimization problem. The validity and effectiveness of the suggested identification method have been tested using artificial data and a set of real experimental data describing the dynamic behavior of damper and a fluid frequently used in dampers. The influence of a range of excitation frequencies used in experiments on results of identification is also discussed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2001

This paper presents hysteresis models of damping forces of a magneto-rheological (MR) damper which is applicable to a middle-sized passenger vehicle. After manufacturing a cylindrical type of the MR damper, its field-dependant damping force and hysteresis behavior are experimentally evaluated. Three different models ; Bingham model, Bouc-Wen model and Polynomial model are provided to predict the hysteretic damping force. The damping force characteristics predicted from three different models are compared with the measured results under various excitation conditions.