• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2023

Purpose: The present study examined the effectiveness of the preoperative ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in predicting the healing period of amputation wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus following a non-traumatic below-knee amputation (BKA). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 41 diabetic foot ulcer patients who underwent BKA at the authors' hospital diabetic foot center from April 2016 to April 2022. Among the 41 patients, 29 (70.7%) were male and 12 (29.3%) were female. Their mean age was 64.54±11.38 years (41~81 years). The mean follow-up period was 19.48±5.56 weeks (14~48 weeks) after BKA. The patients were divided into two groups (high IMA group and normal IMA group), which evaluated the healing period, wound dehiscence, and revision operation rate using a Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Three orthopedic surgeons performed stump wound evaluation, and they were evaluated as healing when all sutures were fused without oozing. Results: Thirty patients (73.2%) (group A) showed a high level of IMA (median: 91.2 U/mL), and 11 (26.8%) patients (group B) showed a normal range of IMA (median: 82.7 U/mL). In group A, the median period for wound healing took 1.4 weeks longer, which was significant (p=0.001). No statistical relationship was observed between wound dehiscence, revision operation rate, and IMA value. There was no correlation between the other risk factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c) and the wound healing period. Conclusion: Although there was a limitation in using IMA as the sole factor to predict the healing period of amputation wounds in patients after BKA, this study revealed a significant positive correlation between IMA and the period of stump healing after BKA. Therefore, the preoperative IMA levels may help predict the period of stump healing after BKA.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

서론: 신선 동결된 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하여 실패한 전방 십자 인대 재 재건술의 술기 및 슬관절의 안정성 및 기능적 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법: 실패한 전방 십자 인대 재건술에 대하여 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하여 재 재건술을 시행한 13예를 대상으로 하였다. 재 재건술까지의 평균 기간은 61.8개월 이었으며 평균 추시 기간은 38.4개월이었다. 술기는 아킬레스건에 부착된 종골을 골결손부에 이식하고 재확공을 하여 한 단계로 시행하였다. 일차 재건술의 실패 원인을 분석하였고 술 후 평가는 Lysholm knee score, Lachman 검사, pivot shift 검사와 KT-1000 arthrometer 검사를 이용하였다. 결과 실패의 원인은 부적절한 수술 수기가 10예로 가장 많았다. 최종 추시점에서 Lysholm knee score는 10(75.9%) 예에서 우수 또는 양호의 결과를 보였다. Lachman 검사는 12예(92.3%) 에서 음성 또는 경도의 전방전위를 보였으며 pivot shift 검사는 음성인 경우가 11(84.6%) 예이었다. KT-1000 검사는 최대 전방 전위차가 3 mm 미만이 9예였다. 결론: 전방 십자 인대 재 재건술시 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하면 한 단계로 골이식 및 재확공을 할 수 있고 안정성 면에서 좋은 이식물의 하나이며 추후 장기적인 추시가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2007

The importance of the standards and its related texts established by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) had been increased by the Agreement of Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) in World Trade Organization (WTO). To meet the needs of WTO SPS Agreement, biennial CAC meeting had been changed to every year. This study was conducted to analyze the effects on interval between CAC meetings. The years of adoption, revision and amendment of CAC texts were collected from the official standard list and individual texts from CAC homepage. The period since establishment of CAC was divided into four groups by starting negotiation of Uruguay Round, WTO foundation and reducing the interval between CAC meetings. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The numbers of CAC standards, guidelines, recommendations, maximum residue levels, and miscellaneous texts were 202, 56, 46, 3 and 5, respectively. Since 8 documents didn't contain the adoption year, these texts were eliminated to analyze adoption year. For adoption, annually 11.26 texts were established since establishment of CAC and there were no significant difference among the 4 groups. However the average numbers of revisions and amendments of adopted texts for overall periods and for each period were 7.56, 0.93, 6.50, 17.20 and 19.75, respectively. The average numbers of overall decisions, defined as summation of adoption, revision and amendment of texts, for overall periods and for each period were 12.37, 6.27, 9.00, 17.40 and 29.25, respectively. There were significant differences by the WTO foundation and the interval between CAC meetings. The reduced interval of CAC meetings influenced to increase number of revisions and amendments of adopted texts, but not yet adoption of new text.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.249-262
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 TIMSS 2023 과학 인지 영역 분석틀을 활용하여 2015 개정과 2022 개정의 과학과 교육과정의 성취 기준을 분석하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 2015 개정과 2022 개정 과학과 교육과정에서 초등 전 영역의 성취 기준이다. 연구 분석에는 초등과학교육을 전공한 3명의 현장 교사와 초등과학교육전문가 1명이 참여하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2022 개정 운동과 에너지 분야에서 '알기' 영역의 비율은 2015 개정보다 약 16% 높았고, '추론하기' 영역의 비율도 약 5.8% 증가하였다. 둘째, 물질 분야에서 TIMSS 2023 인지 영역의 비율은 학년군과 교육과정의 개정 시기와 관련 없이 '알기', '적용하기', '추론하기'의 순이었다. 셋째, 생명과학 분야에서 TIMSS 2023 인지 영역의 비율은 학년군과 교육과정의 개정 시기에 따라 달랐다. 넷째, 2022 개정의 지구와 우주 분야 또한 다른 세 영역과 유사하게 '알기' 영역의 비율은 증가하였고 '적용하기' 영역은 감소하였다. 하지만 2022 개정에서 다른 세 분야의 '추론하기' 영역은 모두 증가하였는데 지구와 우주 분야에서만 감소하였다. 다섯째, 2015 개정 통합 단원과 2022 개정 과학과 사회 분야에서는 '알기' 영역의 '인식하기'와 '예 제시하기', '적용하기' 영역의 '관계짓기'와 '설명하기', '추론하기' 영역의 '종합하기' 요소만 다루고 있었다. 2022 개정 초등 전체 과학 분야에서 '알기' 영역의 비율은 52.5%, '적용하기' 영역의 비율은 33.8%, '추론하기' 영역의 비율은 13.7%였다. 결론적으로 2022 개정 초등 과학과 성취 기준에서 '알기' 영역의 의존도가 너무 높았기 때문에 '적용하기'와 '추론하기' 영역의 비율이 낮았다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

This paper considers the maintenance model suggested by Jung and Park (2010) to adopt the Bayesian approach and obtain an optimal replacement policy following the expiration of NFRRW. As the criteria to determine the optimal maintenance period, we use the expected cost during the life cycle of the system. When the failure times are assumed to follow a Weibull distribution with unknown parameters, we propose an optimal maintenance policy based on the Bayesian approach. Also, we describe the revision of uncertainty about parameters in the light of data observed. Some numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2009

Objective : The present study analyzed the risk factors, prevalence and clinical results following revision surgery for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) in patients who had undergone lumbar fusion. Methods : Over an 8-year period, we performed posterior lumbar fusion in 81 patients. Patients were followed a minimum of 2 years (mean 5.5 years). During that time, 9 patients required revision surgery due to ASD development. Four patients underwent autogenous posterolateral arthrodesis and extended transpedicle screw fixation, 4 patients underwent decompressive laminectomy and interspinous device implantation, and 1 patient underwent simple decompression. Results : Of the 9 of patients with clinical ASD, 33.3% (3 of 9) of patients did not have radiographic ASD on plain radiographs. Following revision surgery, the clinical results were excellent or good in 8 patients (88.9%). Age > 50 years at primary surgery was a significant risk factor for ASD development, while number of fusion levels, initial diagnosis and type of fusion were not. Conclusion : The incidence of ASD development after lumbar surgery was 11.1% (9 of 81) in this study. Age greater than 50 was the statistically significant risk factor for ASD development. Similar successful clinical outcomes were observed after extended fusion with wide decompression or after interspinous device implantation. Given the latter procedure is less invasive, the findings suggest it may be considered a treatment alternative in selected cases but it needs further study.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

The revision of regulations for apartment unit design, which are concerning the area calculating criteria (revised in 1998) and use of balcony (revised in 2005), considerably have increased livable space of apartment unit. This paper aims to verify its effect to apartment unit plan in the aspect of number of rooms and size of each room. For this purpose, 60 and 85 $m^2$ sized apartment unit plans in Seoul Gangnam district have been analysed by construction period, and a conclusion is drawn out as following; (1) The revison of regulations in 1998 and 2005 increased livable space of 60 and 85 $m^2$ sized apartment about 16.4~20.6 $m^2$ area. (2) Bedrooms, living room, dining room and kitchen have no change in size in nominal sense, actually, they increase their size after the fact by converting balcony to livable space. (3) Bathroom, dress room and entrance space have been considerably increased in size, which is possible for available area added in place of wall footprint according to 1998 revision.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제18권
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• pp.193-216
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to analyze the area table of twenty editions of the DDC in order to identify what major changes have been made chronologically. The summaries about which were discussed according to the edition order about the change processes of the most extensive area table of the DDC auxiliary table are as follows. 1. It is from the 17th edition that area table appeared as a special auxiliary table in DDC for the first time and the method of classifying areas like from 930 to 999 which is regional history in history class was taken before the introduction of independent area table. 2. The entry numbers in which the area table was applied increased continuously until the 18th edition but the applied entry number was rather decreased in the 20th edition especially the number was mainly decreased in history class, this is the result of the fact that the entry was classified by area table without enumerating each regional history in history class except for the basic area since the 17th edition but recently at least the area of over national unit according to the necessity of enumerating the entry in regional history within history class. 3. The relocation or revision of area table was made according to the literary warrant of the relevant area by period political and administrative conditions and the request of related organization or classifiers of the area rather than by the topographical features therefore the revision was made chiefly about the highly interested Europe Northern America especially the United States. 4. The entry numbers which were expanded according to area indicate that gradual improvement for the international feature as the revision of edition is repeated is made but because of the expansion of Northern America, especially the United States, regional disproportion is represented by the occupation of 56% in the entire entry numbers of the United States in case of the 20th edition. Lastly, the reasonable reform plans of area table will have to be groped on the basis of the results of analysis above and the consideration about the problems in the development of area table of DDC and the other main classification systems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2013

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used procedure for spinal fusion. However, there are no reports describing anterior cage dislodgement after surgery. This report is a rare case of anterior dislodgement of fusion cage after TLIF for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis with lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). A 51-year-old man underwent TLIF at L4-5 with posterior instrumentation for the treatment of grade 1 isthmic spondylolisthesis with LSTV. At 7 weeks postoperatively, imaging studies demonstrated that banana-shaped cage migrated anteriorly and anterolisthesis recurred at the index level with pseudoarthrosis. The cage was removed and exchanged by new cage through anterior approach, and screws were replaced with larger size ones and cement augmentation was added. At postoperative 2 days of revision surgery, computed tomography (CT) showed fracture on lateral pedicle and body wall of L5 vertebra. He underwent surgery again for paraspinal decompression at L4-5 and extension of instrumentation to S1 vertebra. His back and leg pains improved significantly after final revision surgery and symptom relief was maintained during follow-up period. At 6 months follow-up, CT images showed solid fusion at L4-5 level. Careful cage selection for TLIF must be done for treatment of spondylolisthesis accompanied with deformed LSTV, especially when reduction will be attempted. Banana-shaped cage should be positioned anteriorly, but anterior dislodgement of cage and reduction failure may occur in case of a highly unstable spine. Revision surgery for the treatment of an anteriorly dislodged cage may be effectively performed using an anterior approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.355-372
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• 2014

Considering the history of severe earthquakes and the presence of active faults in the greater Tehran region, the possibility of a destructive earthquake occurring is high and seismic hazard analysis is crucial. Gumbel distributions are commonly-used statistical distributions in earthquake engineering and seismology. Their main advantage is their basis on the largest earthquake magnitudes selected from an equal-time predefined set. In this study, the first asymptotic distribution of extremes is used to estimate seismicity parameters and peak ground acceleration (PGA). By assuming a Poisson distribution for the earthquakes, after estimation of seismicity parameters, the mean return period and the probable maximum magnitude within a given time interval are obtained. A maximum probable magnitude of 7.0 has a mean return period of 100 years in this region. For a return period of 475 years, the PGA in the greater Tehran region is estimated to be 0.39g to 0.42g, depending on local site conditions. This value is greater than that of the Iranian Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, indicating that a revision of the code is necessary.