• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.169-184
• /
• 2011

We review the current understanding of modularity in biological motor control and its forms, and then relate this modularity to proposed modular control structures for biomimetic robots. We note the features that are different between the robotic and the biological 'designs' with features which have evolved by natural selection, and note those aspects of biology which may be counter-intuitive or unique to the biological controls as we currently understand them. Biological modularity can be divided into kinematic modularity comprised of strokes and cycles: primitives approximating a range of optimization criteria, and execution modularity comprised of kinetic motor primitives: muscle synergies recruited by premotor drives which are most often pulsatile, and which have the biomechanical effect of instantiating a visco-elastic force-field in the limb. The relations of these identified biological elements to kinematic and force-level motor primitives employed in robot control formulations are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1998.05a
• /
• pp.862-868
• /
• 1998

Korean Next Generation Reactor(KNGR) is a standardized evolutionary Advanced Light Water Reactor design under development Korea Power Company(KEPCO). It incorporates design enhncements such as active and passive advanced design features(ADFs) to increase the plant safety. A Preliminary level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment(PSA) has been performed for KNGR to examine the effect of these safety features. The preliminary PSA result shows that it meets the KNGR safety goal on core damage frequency(CDF). The result of this safety assessment shows that the four-train safety systems, and the ADFs such as Passive Secondary Cooling System (PSCS) contributes greatly to the reduction the CDF. Furthermore, several design changes are made or proposed for detailed review based on the PSA insights.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.357-361
• /
• 1993

The calcifying odontogenic cyst is rare lesion having features of both cyst and neoplasm. Clinically it frequently occurs in young adult and more frequent in the anterior area of the jaw. Radiographically, this lesion has several radiopaque foci within unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. The authors experienced cystic and neoplastic types of calcifying odontogenic cysts in the anterior area of the mandible in a 16-year-old male and 21-year-old female patients who suffered from pain, swelling and teeth displacemeent on the affected area. And we discussed the clinical, radiological and histopathological features with a brief review of the literatures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 1993

The ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is the malignant counterpart of the ameloblastic fibrosarcoma in which the mesenchymal element has become malignant. Clinically it frequently occurs in the 3rd and 4th decades, and more frequent in the mandible than in the maxilla. Radiographic features are apparent multilocular radiolucency with ill-defined border. The authors experienced two cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the mandible in a 26-year-old male and a 48-year-old female patients who suffered from pain and swelling on the affected area. And we discussed the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of this disease with a brief review of the literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.55 no.7
• /
• pp.468-480
• /
• 2017

A wide variety of benign and malignant lesions and other diseases can develop on oral mucosa. Oral mucosal lesions can also be associated with an underlying systemic disease, so their correct diagnosis, which may even share similar clinical and demographic features, is always a challenge for a dentist. Common oral mucosal lesions include candidiasis, herpes viral infection, leukoplakia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, pemphigus, lichen planus and benign migratory glossitis. The differential diagnosis of these lesions are based on a thorough review of the patient's past medical and dental history and a complete oral examination. The knowledge of clinical features such as size, location, morphology, color, and pain is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic tests, including microbiologic and laboratory tests and biopsies are usually required for establishing a proper diagnosis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.385-389
• /
• 2019

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from Schwann cells. Approximately 25-45% of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck regions, and the intraoral presentation of these is only 1%. We report a rare case of a patient presenting tongue base schwannoma with characteristic imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2010

A set of radiative transfer software named CART (Combined Atmospheric Radiative Transfer) has been developed to rapidly calculate atmospheric transmittance and background radiance. The spectral resolution of CART is $1cm^{-1}$, and the spectral region covers from 1 to $25000cm^{-1}$. CART has five characteristic features, and it can be applied to many fields. The features and applications of CART are summarized in detail.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2020

The olfactory bulb (OB) has an extremely higher proportion of interneurons innervating excitatory neurons than other brain regions, which is evolutionally conserved across species. Despite the abundance of OB interneurons, little is known about the diversification and physiological functions of OB interneurons compared to cortical interneurons. In this review, an overview of the general developmental process of interneurons from the angles of the spatial and temporal specifications was presented. Then, the distinct features shown exclusively in OB interneurons development and molecular machinery recently identified were discussed. Finally, we proposed an evolutionary meaning for the diversity of OB interneurons.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2009

Biclustering is a method to extract subsets of objects and features from a dataset which are characterized in some way. In contrast to traditional clustering algorithms which group objects similar in a whole feature set, biclustering methods find groups of objects which have similar values or patterns in some features. Both in clustering and biclustering, validating how much the result is informative or reliable is a very important task. Whereas validation methods of cluster solutions have been studied actively, there are only few measures to validate bicluster solutions. Furthermore, the existing validation methods of bicluster solutions have some critical problems to be used in general cases. In this paper, we review several well-known validation measures for cluster and bicluster solutions and discuss their limitations. Then, we propose several improved validation indices as modified versions of existing ones.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2008

The lungs are one of the most common visceral sites for metastatic disease. The identification of a metastasis from a second primary lung tumor is clinically important for patients with pulmonary metastases of an extrathoracic origin. Although the cytologic features of metastatic tumors involving the lung have been extensively described, making the cytologic diagnosis is usually not easy in the absence of clinical information. However, the immunohistochemical staining for many tumor markers and the different expressions of cytokeratin 7 and 20 are very useful in the diagnosis. This review presents the cytomorphological spectrum of metastatic tumors along with the immunohistochemical findings.