• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.698-704
• /
• 2009

두충 (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)으로부터 항고혈압 활성을 가진 유효물질을 분리하였으며, 두충의 잎, 껍질 및 줄기를 건조한 것과, 건조한 후 붉은 것에 대하여 ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) 저해활성을 실험하였다. 두충으로부터 분리 한 유효물질은 pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (PG)와 dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,${\gamma}$'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (DAG)였으며, 이들은 각각 껍질과 잎에 많이 함유되 어 있었다. 즉 pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (PG)는 자연 건조한 껍질에 135.12 mg%, 붉은 껍질에 163.94 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,${\gamma}$'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (DAG)는 자연 건조한 잎에 117.43 mg%, 붉은 잎에 133.93 mg%로 비교적 많이 함유되어 있었다. ACE 억제활성은 볶은 잎, 말린 껍질 및 볶은 껍질을 10 mg/ml씩 처리하였을 때, 각각 77.49, 75.52 및 75.36%의 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 두충으로부터 분리한 화합물인 pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-${\beta}$ -D-glucoside (PG)와 dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,${\gamma}$'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (DAC)를 1${\sim}$10 mg/ml 처리하였을 때에 는 67.1${\sim}$85.25% 의 억제활성을 나타내었으며, $IC_{50}$값은 각각 0.6${\pm}$0.2, 0.5${\pm}$0.2 mg/ml 였다. 이것은 PG와 DAG가 두충에서 분리한 천연물임을 감안하면 매우 높은 활성을 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.1039-1044
• /
• 2003

은하콩의 조 사포닌은 4.59mg/g이었으며, 콩나물로 발아 생장하면서 사포닌 함량이 증가하여 재배 $5{\sim}6$일째에 $5.30{\sim}5.33mg/g$으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 6일째 이후에는 사포닌 함량이 감소하였다. 6일 동안 재배하여 자엽, 줄기 및 뿌리의 조 사포닌 함량은 자엽 4.17mg/g에 비해 줄기 7.46mg/g과 뿌리 7.45mg/g으로 거의 2배정도 높은 함량을 보였으며, 뿌리와 줄기는 비슷한 수준이었다. TLC를 이용한 부위별 사포닌 밴드 패턴으로부터 14종이 확인되었다. 줄기와 뿌리 부위는 콩에서 발견되는 여러 가지 사포닌이 함유되어 있으며, 줄기와 뿌리 부위는 Rf 0.5이하에서 비슷한 패턴으로 뚜렷한 밴드를 나타냈다. 콩의 soyasaponin group B 사포닌함량과 조성은 5일 동안 콩나물로 생장하면서 IV는 8.7배, I는 7배, V는 3.3배, II는 2배 그리고 III는 1.4배로 각각 증가하였으며, 특히 IV와 I이 많이 증가하였다. 콩나물 부위별 사포닌 함량은 자엽 부분에서 비교적 적은 양이 고루 함유하였다. 줄기는 자엽에 비해 I은 10.53배, III는 10.49배, V는 8.14배, IV는 5.72배 그리고 II는 1.45배로 더 많았다. 뿌리는 자엽에 비해 V는 9.37배, I는 5.54배 IV는 4.86배 그리고 III는 2.77배 많았지만, II는 자엽보다 2.96배 더 적었다. 콩나물의 줄기와 뿌리가 자라면서 주로 soyasaponin I, IV 및 V가 증가하였다. 이와 같이 콩나물의 사포닌은 성장함에 따라 또는 부위에 따라서 각각 다르게 생합성이 조절되는 것으로 생각된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 1997

한국재래간장으로 부터 분리한 Bacilius subtilis CCKS-111이 생성하는 proteae를 분리 정제하였다. 황산암모늄 염석, DEAE cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, Sephades G-100 및 HPLC를 이용한 겔여과법에 의해 비활성도 24.3 unit/mg, 정제배수 50.6배로 효소를 정제하였으며 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)에 의하여 단일 단백질임을 확인하였다 정제효소의 분자량은 HPLC에 의하여 분자량 28,000 정도의 monomer로 추정되었고, 본 효소의 아미노산 잔기수는 251.3으로, 분해되기 쉬운 threonine, serine, glycine을 제외한 아미노산 잔기수는 Bacillus subtilis subtilisin DY 잔기수(274)와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 아미노산 조성은 alanine, serine, glycine 및 arginine의 함량이 많았다. Reverse phase (RP)-HPLC로 분리한 주 peak로 N-말단에서 32번 까지 아미노산 배열을 확인한 결과 Bacillus subtilis subtilisin DY와 동일하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the effects on the formation of benzidine-hemoglobin, and benzidine metabolite-hemoglobin adducts, caused by pretreatment with the known xenobiotic metabolism effectors, ethanol and phenobarbital, in rats administered Direct Black 38 dye. Methods : The experimental rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an ethanol group and a phenobarbital group. Rats were pretreated with ethanol (1g/kg) or phenobarbital (80mg/kg) 24 hours prior to the oral administration of Direct Black 38 (0.5mmol/kg), with the control group being administered the same amount of distilled water. Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava of 5 rats from each group prior to, and at 30 min, 3h, 5h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, and 144h following the oral administration of Direct Black 38. Directly after sampling the blood was separated into hemoglobin and plasma, with the adducts being converted into aromatic amines by basic hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed benzidiene, monoacetylbenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by the hemoglobin binding index (HBI). Results : In the ethanol group, benzidine-, monoacetylbenzidine-, and 4-aminobiphenyl-HBI were increased to a greater extent than those in the control group. These results were attributed to the ethanol inducing N-hydrgxylation, which is related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct, In the phenobarbital group, all the HBIs, with the exception of the benzidine-HBI, were increased to a greater extent than those of the control group. These results were attributed to the phenobarbital inducing N-hydroxylation related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct. The N-acetylation ratio was only increased with the phenobarbital pretreatment due to the lower benzidine-HBI of the phenobarbital group compared to these of the control and ethanol groups. The N-acetylation ratios for all groups were higher than f for the duration of the experimental period. Although the azo reduction was unaffected by the ethanol, it was inhibited by the phenobarbital, The ratio of the benzidine-HBI in the phenobarbital group was lower than those of the ethanol the control groups for the entire experiment. Conclusion : Our results indicate that both ethanol and phenobarbital increase the formation of adducts by the induction of N-hydroxylation, but also induced N-acetylation. Phenobarbital decreased the formation of benzidine-HBI due to the decrease of the azo reduction. These results suggest that the effects or ethanol and phenobarbital need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring of Direct Black 38.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2013

The selective targeting of an integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ antagonist (PIA) with $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$ and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with $[^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]^{+1}$, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 ${\mu}g$ of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful $^{99m}TC$ labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 1995

Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([$^{99m}Tc$]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking $^1H$ spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.419-431
• /
• 2007

The setting of dental hygiene clinics is very important to dental hygiene education, which is the place not only to educate students but also to care clients. The purpose of this study is to provide basic research material for improvement of dental hygiene care system in dental hygiene clinics by analyzing the client satisfaction. A questionnaire survey by means of self-entry method was conducted to find out satisfaction of the client, who was visited to the dental hygiene clinics in the department of dental hygiene, Yonsei University. An analysis of frequency, one way ANOVA and T-Test were performed through SPSS 12.0K program. 1. Most clients were mainly composed of students in Wonju College of Medicine. 2. The clients visited for scaling(85.8%) and oral examination(9.73%) were much than treatment(4.42%). 3. Clients aged 21 to 25 were relatively lower in satisfaction with the facilities, system, attitude than any other ages. 4. The dental hygiene students are the lowest group in satisfaction with the facility, system, attitude than medical and nursing students. 5. The clients satisfaction with dental hygiene clinics was decreased in reverse proportion to visiting frequency. 6. Most of the clients pointed out the problems of appointment system(54.0%) and fee(23.0%), which should be improved than any other operation conditions. 7. Most of the clients were not satisfied with chair time and pain during care. 8. Most clients recognized to receive the better care service than other dental offices(81.3%). Especially, they paid attention to oral health education using phase-contrast microscope. 9. Many clients were dissatisfied with facilities of the dental hygiene clinics(71.7%). The problems of appointment system(54.0%) and chair time of dental hygiene care services(63.6%) had also inconvenienced to clients. The dental hygiene clinics in school play a crucial role in dental hygiene education to foster the student to be competent as a professional dental hygienist in the future. Therefore, well-organized dental hygiene care program based on dental hygiene process is essential. It is also required to improve the environment of dental hygiene clinics including facilities, appointment system and fee etc.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.685-690
• /
• 2010

노니($Morinda$ $citrifolia$) 부정근의 주요 성분인 rubiadin은 간 보호 효과가 있어 제약산업에서 높은 가치가 있다. 노니 부정근의 주요 유효성분인 rubiadin의 효율적인 추출조건을 규명하고자 용매 종류, 물과 메탄올의 비율(물, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), 추출시간 및 추출방법을 달리하여 추출하였다. 노니 부정근에서의 rubiadin의 함량분석은 HPLC 이용 분석조건을 확립하였으며, C-18 컬럼을 사용하여 280nm에서 메탄올과 물로 농도구배를 주어 분석하였다. 용매별 추출효율은 메탄올(0.08%) > 에탄올(0.05%) > 아세토니트릴(0.03%) > 아세톤(0.02%) 및 메틸렌클로라이드(0.02%) 순으로 증가하였다. 메탄올에 물의 혼합 비율을 달리하여 초음파 추출기로 1시간 동안 추출한 결과 60% 메탄올(0.21%) > 80% 메탄올(0.13%) > 100% 메탄올(0.07%) 및 40% 메탄올(0.07%) 순으로 효과적이었으며, 환류냉각 추출기로 2시간 동안 추출한 결과 60% 메탄올(0.21%) > 40% 메탄올(0.17%) > 80% 메탄올(0.14%) 용매처리구 순으로 효율이 좋았다. 추출방법 및 추출시간에 따른 rubiadin의 추출 효율을 비교하기 위해 환류냉각추출 및 초음파추출, 진탕추출법으로 추출하였다. 추출방법 및 추출시간에 따른 rubiadin의 추출효율은 초음파추출 및 진탕추출에서 각각 8 및 24시간 동안 추출했을 때 효율적이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.716-722
• /
• 2014

국내산 살 오징어 간췌장 조효소를 추출한 다음, 단백질 성질에 기초한 분획방법(용해도, 전기적 성질 및 분자량크기)으로 분획한 endoprotease 및 aminopeptidase 활성 획분들에 대한 분해 활성 비교한 다음, 이들 획분의 반응시간에 따른 쓴맛 casein 가수분해물의 쓴맛 개선 효과를 효소활성, 관능검사 및 HPLC 크로마토그램을 통하여 살펴보았다. 분획방법별 각 획분의 쓴맛 평가에 의한 쓴맛 개선 효과는 겔 여과법에 의하여 분획된 획분(GF-I, 30-50 kDa)이 가장 효과적이었다. GF-I 획분을 2% Gly-phe에 준하는 쓴맛 casein 가수분해물에 대하여 1/500의 비율로 첨가한 다음, 16시간 이상 반응시킨 가수분해물은 HPLC 크로마토그램 상에서 친수성이 강한 피크면적(피크 1, 2 및 4)은 증가한 반면, 소수성이 상대적으로 강한 피크면적(피크 3, 5 및 6)가 감소하였으며, 쓴맛 평가 결과에서도 쓴맛 개선 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 오징어 간췌장 유래 aminopeptidase의 효율적인 산업적 이용을 위한 단백질 분자량 크기에 따른 연속분획 공정을 통한 대량회수 방법 및 쓴맛 개선 가수분해물로부터 유리된 아미노산분석, 효소안정성, 기질특이성 등에 대하여 진행하고자 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2008

홍화종자의 메탄올 추출물에서 preparative HPLC($\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column($7.8{\times}300mm$) 분석을 통하여 DPPH radical 소거 활성도가 높은 두 종류의 항산화 물질(CA와 CB)을 확인하였다. 확인된 항산화물질의 대량 추출을 위하여 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 그리고 butanol 등의 유기용매를 이용하였으며 이 중 ethyl acetate 분획에서 DPPH radical 소거 활성이 높은 물질이 추출되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물을 silica gel chlomatography하여 CA와 CB를 분리하였고, $^1H$-NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 분석에 의하여 CA는 N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin, 그리고 CB는 N-feruoylserotonin으로 동정되었다. 홍화종자에서 N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin과 N-feruoylserotonin의 함량을 $\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column($3.9{\times}300\;mm$)으로 300nm에서 acetonitrile의 용매로 10%에서 분석을 시작하여 30분 동안 50%까지 기울기 모드로 분석한 결과 N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin의 함량은 4.11 mg/gDW, N-feruoylserotonin의 함량은 7.29 mg/gDW이었으며, 이 두 가지 항산화 물질은 모두 종자껍질에서만 추출되었다.