• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.1955-1962
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• 2020

In a sudden shutdown of primary pump or coolant loss accident in a marine nuclear power plant, the primary flow decreases rapidly in a transition process from forced circulation (FC) to natural circulation (NC), and the lower flow enters the steam generator (SG) causing reverse flow in the U-tube. This can significantly compromise the safety of nuclear power plants. Based on the marine natural circulation steam generator (NCSG), an experimental loop is constructed to study the characteristics of reverse flow under middle-temperature and middle-pressure conditions. The transition from FC to NC is simulated experimentally, and the characteristics of SG reverse flow are studied. On this basis, the experimental loop is numerically modeled using RELAP5/MOD3.3 code for system analysis, and the accuracy of the model is verified according to the experimental data. The influence of the flow variation rate on the reverse flow phenomenon and flow distribution is investigated. The experimental and numerical results show that in comparison with the case of adjusting the mass flow discontinuously, the number of reverse flow tubes increases significantly during the transition from FC to NC, and the reverse flow has a more severe impact on the operating characteristics of the SG. With the increase of flow variation rate, the reverse flow is less likely to occur. The mass flow in the reverse flow U-tubes increases at first and then decreases. When the system is approximately stable, the reverse flow is slightly lower than obverse flow in the same U-tube, while the flow in the obverse flow U-tube increases.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2196-2202
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• 2018

The conventional power system allowed only downstream power flow. Therefore, even if a fault occurs, only the forward current flow is considered. However, with the interest in distributed generation (DG), DGs such as Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT) are being connected to a power system. DGs have many advantages, but they also have disadvantage such as generation of reverse flow. Reverse flow can severely disrupt existing protection systems that only consider downstream power flow. The major problems that may arise from reverse power flow are blinding protection and sympathetic tripping. In order to solve such problems, the methods of installing a directional relay or a fault current limiter is proposed. However, this method is inconceivable because of the economics shortage. Therefore, in this paper, a distance relay installed in existing power system is used to solve the protection problem. Modeling of distance relay has been carried out using ElectroMagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), and it has been verified through simulations that the above problems can be solved by a distance relay.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 최근 분산전원 확대보급에 따라 계량오차 발생, 변전소 CB 또는 Recloser, 수전설비 VCB의 OCGR 오동작, 배전자동화 시스템 거짓FI 정보발생 등 한전 배전계통에서 발생되는 오동작 현상에 대해서 원인분석을 수행하였고 그 원인은 변압기 결선에 의한 역 조류현상임을 규명하였다. 이러한 역 조류현상의 영향으로 배전계통의 3상 기본파 전류가 N상에서 동상이 되어 3배의 전류로 합산되었으며, 이 현상을 근거로 새로운 계통해석 방법을 제시하였다. 새로운 계통해석 방법을 적용하여 구간별 고장전류를 해석하였고, 역 조류현상 규명을 위해 변압기 결선형태 별로 역 조류 발생여부를 실험하였다. 또한 PSCAD/EMTDC로 실제 계통을 모의함으로써 역 조류에 의한 오동작 현상을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 중성선의 영상임피던스를 조절하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2014

최근 해수와 담수의 염분농도차를 이용하여 발전하는 역전기투석(reverse electrodialysis, RED)은 잠재량이 크고 지속적 전력생산이 가능한 친환경적이며 미래지향적 신재생에너지로 인식되어 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 RED 기술의 상용화를 위해서는 최적화된 운전조건을 찾는 것이 중요하며 특히, 스택 내부의 저항을 최소화하는 연구가 절실한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 RED의 중요한 운전조건인 해수와 담수의 공급유량이 내부저항에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 해수와 담수의 유량비에 따른 내부저항과 전력밀도의 관계를 고찰하여 최적의 운전조건을 실험적으로 파악하였다. 그 결과 전체유량 80 mL/min에서 최적의 해수/담수 유량비는 1.7이었으며, 이때 전력밀도는 $1.30W/m^2$을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2007

This paper proposes a distribution voltage control method when a voltage increase condition occurs due to reverse power flow from the clustered photovoltaic (PV) system. This proposed distribution voltage control is performed a by distribution-unified power flow controller (D-UPFC). D-UPFC consists of a hi-directional ac-ac converter and transformer. It does not use any energy storage component or rectifier circuit, but it directly converts ac to ac. The distribution model and D-UPFC voltage control using the ATP-EMTP program were simulated and the results show the voltage increase control in the distribution system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2014

In terms of power loss, a MOSFET has two advantages over an IGBT with an antiparallel diode: purely resistive without an offset voltage in conduction and no tail current at turn-off. However, the reverse recovery characteristic of the body diode is so poor that MOSFETs have not yet been available for high-voltage power converters with bidirectional power flow legs. This paper introduces how MOSFETs can be fully applied to high-voltage power converters with bidirectional power flow legs in order to achieve high efficiency. With a bidirectional DC-DC converter with one leg as the simplest example, the basic circuit topology and operating principle are described in detail. The high efficiency and stable operation of the proposed converter are validated through experiments with a 1.5 kW prototype.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1391-1397
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 선형의 형상에 의하여 만곡부분이 존재하여 교차류의 성분이 증가하고, 이것에 의한 만곡와가 형성될 때에는 주유속 방향의 속도성분을 그것에 합당하게 개량해 줌으로서 더욱 유효한 속도분포 계산을 행할수 있으므로 Coles 유동 모델보다도 우수한 멱법칙 유동모델의 개선을 시도하였다. 그 방법으로서는 합성속 도를 멱법칙으로 가정하고 Okuno의 교차류 모델을 이용하여 새로운 주유동 방향의 유 속모델을 개선된 멱법칙의 식으로 표시하였다. 그리고 개선된 주유동 모델식을 이용 한 계산값과 다른 모델식의 계산값과 비교 검토하여 그 타당성을 조사하고, 또 만곡와 의 현상이 나타나는 Series 60(C$_{B}$=0.6)인 선형 선미 주위의 주유속 분포를 위치 별로 계산하고 이를 다른 계산결과 및 실험결과 값과 각각 비교하여, 여기서 제안된 모델이 더욱 개선되었음을 보이고, 또 그 타당성을 검토하였다.다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2010

The computational flow analysis using LES technique was carried out to investigate the flow characteristics of a RAC chassis consisting of a rear-guider, a stabilizer and a cross-flow fan. The commercial SC/Tetra software was used in this analysis. In view of the results so far achieved, the distribution trends of static pressure and velocity vector of central region except the edges of a CFFan are similar regardless of the number of revolution, and an eccentric vortex exists around the bottom blade of a CFFan. Also, a reverse flow is found in the region between stabilizer and CFFan. Moreover, near the edges of a CFFan, an eccentric vortex is separated to two vortexes. Also these vortexes increase the velocity near a rear-guider, and guide the flow near a rear-guider into stabilizer inlet. Therefore, the reverse flow region is formed in the bottom of a CFFan.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.472-473
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• 2008

Flow boiling in parallel microchannels has received attention as an effective heat sink mechanism for power-densities encountered in microelectronic equipment. the bubble dynamics coupled with boiling heat transfer in microchannels is still not well understood due to the technological difficulties in obtaining detailed measurements of microscale two-phase flows. In this study, complete numerical simulation is performed to further clarify the dynamics of flow boiling in microchannels. The level set method for tracking the liquid-vapor interface is modified to include the effects of phase change and contact angle. The method is further extended to treat the no-slip and contact angle conditions on the immersed solid. Also, the reverse flow observed during flow boiling in parallel microchannels has been investigated. Based on the numerical results, the effects of channel shape and inlet area restriction on the bubble growth, reverse flow and heat transfer are quantified.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2207-2220
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• 2021

Lead alloy is used as coolant in Lead-based cooled Fast Reactor (LFR). The natural characteristics of lead alloy are combined with the simple structural design of LFR. This constitutes the inherent safety characteristics of LFR. The main work of this paper is to take the main coolant pump (MCP) in the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) as the research object, and to study the flow pattern distribution of the internal flow field under the reverse rotation pump condition, the reverse rotation positive-flow braking condition and the reverse rotation negative-flow braking condition. In this paper, the double-outlet volute type and the space guide vane are selected as the potential designs of the CLEAR-I MCP. In this paper, the CFD method is used to study the potential reverse accident of the MCP. It is found that the highest flow velocity in the impeller appears at the impeller outlet, and the Q-H curves of the two design programs basically coincide. The space guide vane type MCP has better hydraulic performance under the reverse rotation positive-flow condition, the Q-H curves of the two designs gradually separate with increasing flow rate, and the maximum flow velocity inside the space guide vane type MCP is obviously lower than that of the double-outlet volute type. For the reverse rotation test of MCP, only the condition of the forward rotating pump of the main coolant pump is tested and verified. For the simulation of the MCP in LBE medium, it proved that the turbulence model and basic settings selected in the simulation are reliable.