• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.460-477
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• 2020

As one of the most significant challenges in the virtual data center, the virtual data center embedding has attracted extensive attention from researchers. The existing research works mainly focus on how to design algorithms to increase operating revenue. However, they ignore the energy consumption issue of the physical data center in virtual data center embedding. In this paper, we focus on studying the energy-aware virtual data center embedding problem. Specifically, we first propose an energy consumption model. It includes the energy consumption models of the virtual machine node and the virtual switch node, aiming to quantitatively measure the energy consumption in virtual data center embedding. Based on such a model, we propose two algorithms regarding virtual data center embedding: one is heuristic, and the other is based on particle swarm optimization. The second algorithm provides a better solution to virtual data center embedding by leveraging the evolution process of particle swarm optimization. Finally, experiment results show that our proposed algorithms can effectively save energy while guaranteeing the embedding success rate.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2006

This paper analyze the degree of competitiveness of the refining industry after price liberalization. We use two well-known methods: the first is Bresnahan (1982) and Lau (1982) method that estimates a structural model consisting of a demand relation and supply relation and the second is Panzar and Rosse (1987) method that estimates non structural model of the sum of elasticities of gross revenue with respect to input prices. Results from two models show mixed sign, however, our results indicate that price liberalization improved the degree of competitiveness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

The study investigates the factors affecting the profitability of listed commercial banks in Vietnam. Survey data for this research were collected from 10 Vietnamese listed commercial banks for the period from 2008 to 2018. In the study, we have built a model of econometric regression with the dependent variable being listed commercial banks' profitability results measured through ROA. The research methods used include descriptive statistics, IV regression and OLS regression analysis, and the authors carried out the model verification with Stata 14 software. The results showed that operating efficiency, loans size, retail loans ratio, state ownership, inflation rate, and GDP growth are factors that have a positive impact on profitability On the other hand, variables such as capital size, credit risk, liquidity risk, bank size, and revenue diversification are statistically insignificant; hence, these variables are not statistically adequate to indicate the influence of those independent variables to banks' profitability. The findings of this study suggest that the quality of assets should be considered in the context that bad debt risks come from lending heavily to the real estate sector. Meeting Basel II's capital compliance requirements is relatively difficult for small listed commercial banks compared to bigger listed commercial banks in Vietnam.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2018

Many construction projects involve a plethora of safety-related problems that can cause loss of productivity, diminished revenue, time overruns, and legal challenges. Incorporating data collection and analytics methods can help overcome the root causes of many such problems. However, in a dynamic construction workplace collecting data from a large number of resources is not a trivial task and can be costly, while many contractors lack the motivation to incorporate technology in their activities. In this research, an Android-based mobile application, Preemptive Construction Site Safety (PCS2) is developed and tested for real-time location tracking, trajectory prediction, and prevention of potential collisions between workers and site hazards. PCS2 uses ubiquitous mobile technology (smartphones) for positional data collection, and a robust trajectory prediction technique that couples hidden Markov model (HMM) with risk-taking behavior modeling. The effectiveness of PCS2 is evaluated in field experiments where impending collisions are predicted and safety alerts are generated with enough lead time for the user. With further improvement in interface design and underlying mathematical models, PCS2 will have practical benefits in large scale multi-agent construction worksites by significantly reducing the likelihood of proximity-related accidents between workers and equipment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.287-292
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• 2021

The article analyzes the impact of capital structure on the firm value of chemical companies listed on the stock market of Vietnam. Data was collected from the financial statements of 23 chemical firms listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2012 to 2019. Quantitative research method with regression model according to OLS, FEM, REM method is used; FGLS method is used to overcome the model's defects. In this research, firm value (Tobin's Q) is a dependent variable. Capital structure (DA), Return on assets (ROA), Asset turnover (AT), fixed assets (TANG), Solvency (CR), Firm size (SZ), Firm Age (AGE), and revenue growth rate (GR) are independent variables in the study. The analysis results show that the capital structure of firms in the chemical industry listed on the Vietnam stock market has an inverse correlation with firm value. Besides, firms with greater asset turnover, business size, and number of years of operation have lower firm value. This article helps corporate executives improve corporate value by adjusting their capital structure properly. Chemical firms adjusted their capital structure in the direction of gradually decreasing the debt ratio and gradually increasing equity. Firms use high debt, which has the effect of reducing the firm value of firms in the chemical industry.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.971-982
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information quality, Online Travel Agency (OTA) trust, and continuous usage intention provided by OTA through the application of the SOR(Stimulus-Organism-Response) model. To achieve the purpose of the study, 234 responses were used for analysis, and the hypotheses were tested through the SPSS v.21 program and AMOS v.21 programs. The research results can be classified into the following three categories. First, it was determined that accuracy, timeliness, and usefulness among the factors for information quality had a significant positive effect on OTA trust and continuous usage intention. Second, it was determined that OTA trust was found to have a significant positive effect on continuous usage intention. Third, it was determined that OTA trust had an indirect effect on the relationship between accuracy, timeliness, usefulness, and continuous usage intention among the factors for information quality. This study looked at the lower dimension of information quality, which was insufficient in the field of OTA. This study can be used as basic data to, in practice, build a user-centered informational provision environment by identifying the factors that promote the continuous usage intention of consumers, which is linked to the revenue of online travel agencies.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

The game industry has grown not only by combining them with various technologies also introducing new types of business models such as P2P, F2P, and P2W. Furthermore, games which implemented X2E model with blockchain technology are recently in the spotlight of the public attention. As domestic game companies have also prospect the blockchain games feasible, they are seeking ways to expand their global market share by strengthening the X2E model. Hence, by carrying this new business model out, it is expected to diversify their global revenue stream, which was previously confined to Asia region. This study analyzed the case of companies that have implemented the P2E and C2E models in order to suggest the direction of development for the game platform in Web 3.0 era. The cases of P2E game platform, which constitute of Axie Infinity and Mir 4, encompass the compensation structure, the stabilization mechanism of the in-game token economy, and future strategies regarding blockchain gaming. Likewise, the platform structure, business model, and future growth potential was discussed in terms of C2E scheme, focusing on the ZEPETO and Roblox cases. Based on the above case analysis, this study attempted to provide information on the current limitations and development directions of the P2E and C2E platforms. The current limitations in legal and industrial aspects should be addressed to facilitate the blooming of blockchain and P2E game industry. In addition, the necessity of not only social support also improvement on the technology and social stigma of full-time creators is ought to be emphasized in an effort to encourage the development of C2E platforms.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to seek determinants of department store sales commission rates under consignment contracts based on transaction cost theory, the power-dependence view, and the resource-based view. A consignment contract is a unique contract where the retailer, over a given period, takes possession of goods owned by a supplier, promotes the sales of these goods, and receives a profit share from their sales. Under this contract, the supplier owns the goods until they are sold. In department stores in South Korea, over 70% of overall sales comes through consignment contracts. In other words, this is the most popular contract agreement between large retailers and vendors in South Korea. Consignment contracts yield high profits to department stores with minimal sales uncertainty, stock cost, and marketing investment. Many suppliers believe the consignment contract commission rates are too high. However, department stores disagree. They state that the commissions are not high as they generate new value for the suppliers by accumulating up-to-date merchandise and supporting various marketing programs on their behalf. Recently, consignment contracts have been critically examined and scrutinized by politicians, mass media, and the public of Korea. This study further intends to derive implications reflecting both buyer and seller perspectives as well as offer insights to policy makers in making appropriate decisions. Research design, data, and methodology - To verify the proposed research model and test hypotheses, the authors selected 164 suppliers, which currently have relationships with department stores. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS structural equation modeling program Results - For the transaction cost theory and the power-dependence view, the results indicated that product diversity and demand volatility had a positive impact on the sales dependence on a department store. Dependence in turn had a positive effect on the sales commission under the consignment contract. Based on the resource-based view, the department store's marketing capability, the supplier's perception toward merchandising, and supporting activities could enhance the department store's channel leadership in the buyer-seller relationship. Subsequently, the channel leadership had a positive effect on the sales commission. However, product complexity had no relationship with department store dependence. Conclusions - This is the first empirical research that investigates the determinants of sales commissions under consignment contracts in the domestic retail industry. This study reveals several theoretical and practical implications for both marketing scholars and marketers. In terms of theoretical implication, this study integrated and enlarged certain theoretical background, such as transaction cost theory, the power-dependence view, and the resource-based view, to explain the determinants of sales commissions under consignment contracts that include sales revenue. From a business management viewpoint, this research offers useful insights for policy makers by applying two different perspectives, both the manufacturer and the retailer, in terms of the sales commission issue under a consignment contract.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.423-444
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• 2013

Tourism in Thoi Son Islet has been the advanced model for rural tourism in the Mekong Delta region since the 1990s. The continuously rising number of tourists, however, has also created problems that affect sustainable rural development. To understand these problems, this research analyzed how rural tourism has been operated through the methodology of a stakeholder network. After investigating the network among key stakeholders (Ho Chi Minh travel agencies (HCMTAs), local travel agencies (LTAs), and local residents, the result showed that in the current model, HCMTAs and LTAs have played the role of connectors, working as hubs to shift tourists (demand) to match local residents (supply), with the networking being dominated by signed contracts (formal networks). The networks between LTAs and local residents are both formal and informal. Inter- and intra-networks among local residents are dominated by informal networks of established working relationships based on networks of family, friends, and neighbors. Moreover, this research has found that there is no cooperating network among LTAs. Among owners of tourist sites was not also found cooperating network. The primary motivating factor for these stakeholders is price competition; this has led to a disproportionately small share of revenue for local stakeholders, with most tourism revenue going to HCMTAs. Additionally, because of the high competition among local stakeholders, this results in local stakeholders having little or no negotiating power when conducting business with HCMTAs. Meanwhile the Tien Giang Tourism Association is inefficient in fostering cooperation among local stakeholders to increase their negotiating power.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2009

The process of obtaining third-party financing contacts was analyzed via a two-stage game model: a "signaling game" for the first stage,and a "principal-agent model" for the second stage. The two-stage game was solved by a process of backward induction. In the second stage game, the optimal effort level of the energy saving company (ESCO), the optimal compensation scheme of the energy user, and the optimal payoffs for both parties were derived for each subgame. The optimal solutions forthe different subgames were then compared with each other. Our main finding was that if there is some restriction on ESCO's revenue (e.g. a progressive sales tax) that causes ESCO's revenue toincrease at a decreasing rate, then the optimal sharing ratio is uniquely determined at a level of strictly less than one under a linear compensation scheme, i.e. a unique balance exists. Subgames have a unique equilibrium arrived at separately for each situation,. Within this equilibrium, energy users accept energy audit proposals from H-type ESCOs with high levels of technology, but reject proposals from L-type ESCOs with low levels of technology. While L-type ESCOs cannot attain profits in the third-party financing market, H-type ESCOS can pocket the price differential between L-type and H-type audit fees. Accordingly, revenues in an H-type ESCO equilibrium increase not only in line with the technology of the ESCO inquestion, but also faster than in an L-type equilibrium due to more advanced technology. At the same time, energy users receive some positive payoff by allowing ESCOs to perform third-party financing tasks within their existing energy system without incurring any extra costs.