• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

Returning to farming and rural village is one of the most hot social issues in Korea. Therefore, the government has tried to make up a policy program, which aims to support for the urban residents to get appropriate informations and to make right decisions about returning to farming and rural village. For the sparsely populated rural communities, this phenomena are some good opportunities for their sustainable development. The government needs the resasonale prospect on returning to farming and rural village, because their policy program should be made on the basis sound data and information. But, with the current data about returning to farming in Korea, it is impossible to make an econometrical model that can forecast the population who will return to farming and rural village. So, we tried a delphi method to sketch the future returning to farming and rural village. The delphi panels gave us some prospects on the issues. They anticipated that the population of returning to farming will increase for the next five years. And, they recommended some policy directions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Targeting people returning to farming and also people preparing for returning to farming, this study analyzed differences in awareness of conflict factors and conflict management focusing on the conflicts experiencing in the process of their movement and settlement process in rural area. In the results, people preparing for returning to farming showed higher awareness of conflicts and also higher necessity of conflict management than people already returning to farming. Also, both groups preferred individual conflict management to structural conflict management. Based on the results like above, the implications can be summarized like below. First, it would be necessary to have programs informing possible conflicts in advance in the process of returning to farming and also relieving psychological anxiety by providing prior-learning to people preparing for returning to farming. Second, it would be necessary to have individual conflict management measures to establish mutual trust and to form community spirit through regular social gatherings between original residents and people returning to farming. Since the effect of conflict management can be maximized only when the structural and individual conflict managements are properly harmonized, it would be necessary to have the structural conflict management which is relatively felt difficult.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 2013

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.533-556
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• 2009

Recently, the number of people who return to rural areas for farming is increasing rapidly. This attracted public attention so that the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries announced officially comprehensive countermeasures to help those returning to rural areas. But there is not sufficient consideration of the role of local governments in the above countermeasures. Policy package to help returning people establish themselves in rural area include many soft programs that requires governance, delicate implementation process and expertise to advise. Therefore, the local governments should have appropriate governance and perspectives.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project in China is similar to the 'The 10-year National Greening Project' of Korea, and is one of the great strategic policies that started in order to develop the people, resources and the environment by the central government of China. Using the ecosystem recovery as the slogan, The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China has a long history of 70 years, but the accomplishments has been insignificant when compared to the long history. The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project was not a trend due to the societal and economical issues of China, but with the increasing interest on the environmental protection in the late 1990s the extent of the ecosystem is gradually increasing. The most difficult, yet most important matter of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project, is that it must consider the ecosystem with the economy. The farmers want financial gains in a short term, and the government aims is gaining cost-benefit over a long period which is why a rational the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of the central government in China is most important. In order for the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China to develop further in the future, the standardization and distinction of the economic compensation policy is most urgent. Other than this, a new policy and the government interest on the livelihood of the farmers after the completion of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project are needed, and there must be a clear and fair policy enactment environment so that the opinions of the farmers can influence the policy in the policy enactments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.588-598
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• 2020

Objectives: Human indices were developed to determine returning point of residents and damage restoration after the chemical accident Methods: To determine the returning point of residents after the chemical accident, a new concept, the standard man model was introduced as a human index, in which both H-code and its acute effects were main idea. To evaluate the applicability, a hydrogen fluoride leakage accident in Gumi was applied. The returning point were suggested as the conservative remission period of acute effects among relevant hazard effects and compared with actual returning point. The coverage of each age group were considered with reflecting average daily dose expected for actual residents. In addition, a relief-index as a social-scientific approach was reflected as well to apply the damage restoration Results: Actual returning point of residents in Gumi was 88 days; and that of standard man model suggested was 84 days. The expected amount of exposure at aged 12 or under was at least 2.35 times greater than that of this model, 40s, theoretically. However, their population ratio was less than 1%, so 99% of residents could be applied when the standard man model was applied. The relief-index was as an objective and quantitative methodology to apply the qualitative aspect. Conclusions: Although evaluated as a relatively positive result, there was a limitation such as the number of accident applied to the verification of standard man model. The relief index was also considered, but further research should be carried out to find threshold level for the relief.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.433-437
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• 2005

This study was carried out the design and analysis of solar thermal system with preheating of returning district heating water for the Chung-ju district heating and cooling system. Two different types of solar collectors are used for this system. TRNSYS simulation program was used for the analysis. As a results, the solar system efficiency is $35.8\%$ for the plate type and $45.1\%$ for the evacuated type solar collector in the case of $50^{\circ}C$ for the returning district heating water temperature. The returning district heating water temperature is on of the very important factors that is influence on the system efficiency. So the effect of the returning district heating water temperature on the system efficiency is analyzed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2005

The reason that compulsory removals of a low-quality housing redevelopment such as involuntary or unintentional migration present a problem for urban communities is that whether involuntary movers adapt themselves to their new home has an influence on the urban communities that surround them. Moreover, involuntary emigrants have higher probability of choosing faulty residential areas than voluntary emigrants do. This gives rise to a problem of another residential migration for involuntary movers. In order to solve these problems, there is a need for a new housing policy that enables original residents to come back to their old community. However studies for resettlement had not conducted subjects about housing redevelopment characteristics which influences the involuntary movers directly. Instead personal microscopic characteristics such as statistics of resettlement, the moving distance, the reason of moving, improvement of living environment, had been main subjects of farmer studies. So the purpose of this study is to analyze an analysis of the relationship between resettlement and housing redevelopment characteristics. The data used in this study was obtained at 47 areas designated by Seoul (metropolis) since 1990 for redevelopment. Cluster Analysis Is used for dividing high rate of resettlement with low rate of resettlement and Regression Analysis is used for the analysis of the relationship between resettlement and housing redevelopment characteristics. The results of examining the effects of a redeveloped housing complex on returning residents at 47 areas designated by Seoul (metropolis) since 1990 fur redevelopment are as follows: First, A housing complex with a high returning rate (remove-in rate?) has no state/public land, unauthorized building owners who are in the low-income brackets, and few interested parties such as union members. This is the characteristic of a redeveloped housing complex with a short-period project span. On the contrary, a housing complex that has a low returning rate is crowded by state/public land, and numerous unauthorized building owners, and interested parties. Second, According to the linear regression analysis, among the factors that affect returning residents, 'physical properties(characteristics) of a region', 'population properties within a region', and 'properties of a project span' indicate a negative(-)influence whereas 'properties of a complex density' shows a positive(+) influence. In a nutshell, the more the physical properties, population properties, projectspan properties, the lower the returning rate and the more the complex density properties, the higher the returning rate. In detail, an area with many small land and new/large buildings, a high population, and a long project duration has a low returning rate of original residents while an area holding large capacity and buildings with many number of floors (multiple-storied building) has a high returning rate.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest a implication and improvement which can provide direction when proposing prospective housing policies which comply the peculiar and changing needs of rural communities. Method: Accordingly this study reviewed for rural housing regulations and policies that appear in the process of developing Japanese Excellent Rural Housing. According to the case study, municipal organizations have implemented independent housing programs base on the Promotion of Rural Residence Act for returning farmers. Result: They provide service to provide returning farmers comprehensive counseling and information about employment, child-rearing and education, housing, and etc. The service program is run by a cooperative way. In addition the Japanese Excellent Rural Housing projects nowadays focus on promoting voluntary establishments of local communities by providing comprehensive plans for local community formation and interaction for harmony between existing residents and returning farmers. In the case of Korea, targeting existing residents and returning farmers for settlement environment in rural areas need jobs, child care, education, and comprehensive housing counseling. In addition, this suggests the need for linkages between the various community programs and residents.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.321-338
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• 2014

This study was examined the level of satisfaction in rural settlement and analyzed its differences according to various demographic variables and characteristics of urban-rural migration. The analysis was conducted by considering returning farmers residing in rural areas. A statistical analysis was conducted using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test with a total of 210 responses. First, satisfaction with the convenience of living facilities varied significantly according to the occupation before urban-rural migration, responses of family members and friends to urban-rural migration, and the initial capital for urban-rural migration. Second, satisfaction with the natural environment varied significantly according to age and reasons for urban-rural migration. Third, satisfaction with the transportation environment varied significantly according to gender, the period of residence after urban-rural migration, and the employment type of the returning farmer. Fourth, satisfaction with neighborliness varied significantly according to parents' occupation, agricultural experience before urban-rural migration, experience in agriculture-related social life before urban-rural migration, reasons for urban-rural migration, the type of urban-rural migration, and the employment type of the returning farmer. Fifth, satisfaction with the agricultural environment varied significantly according to responses of family members and friends to urban-rural migration, the period of residence after urban-rural migration, and reasons for urban-rural migration. Sixth, satisfaction with the housing environment varied significantly according to the residential area, the agricultural experience before urban-rural migration, and the period of residence after urban-rural migration.